[openocd.git] / src / flash / nor / atsame5.c

/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2017 by Tomas Vanek                                     *
 *   vanekt@fbl.cz                                                         *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Based on at91samd.c                                                   *
 *   Copyright (C) 2013 by Andrey Yurovsky                                 *
 *   Andrey Yurovsky <yurovsky@gmail.com>                                  *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       *
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         *
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
 *                                                                         *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
 *   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
 ***************************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include "imp.h"
#include "helper/binarybuffer.h"

#include <helper/time_support.h>
#include <target/cortex_m.h>

/* A note to prefixing.
 * Definitions and functions inherited from at91samd.c without
 * any change retained the original prefix samd_ so they eventually
 * may go to samd_common.h and .c
 * As currently there are only 3 short functions identical with
 * the original source, no common file was created. */

#define SAME5_PAGES_PER_BLOCK   16
#define SAME5_NUM_PROT_BLOCKS   32
#define SAMD_PAGE_SIZE_MAX      1024

#define SAMD_FLASH              0x00000000      /* physical Flash memory */
#define SAMD_USER_ROW           0x00804000      /* User Row of Flash */

#define SAME5_PAC               0x40000000      /* Peripheral Access Control */

#define SAMD_DSU                0x41002000      /* Device Service Unit */
#define SAMD_NVMCTRL            0x41004000      /* Non-volatile memory controller */

#define SAMD_DSU_STATUSA        1               /* DSU status register */
#define SAMD_DSU_DID            0x18            /* Device ID register */
#define SAMD_DSU_CTRL_EXT       0x100           /* CTRL register, external access */

#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_CTRLA     0x00            /* NVM control A register */
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_CTRLB     0x04            /* NVM control B register */
#define SAMD_NVMCTRL_PARAM      0x08            /* NVM parameters register */
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG   0x10            /* NVM interrupt flag register */
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_STATUS    0x12            /* NVM status register */
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_ADDR      0x14            /* NVM address register */
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_LOCK      0x18            /* NVM Lock section register */

#define SAMD_CMDEX_KEY          0xA5UL
#define SAMD_NVM_CMD(n)         ((SAMD_CMDEX_KEY << 8) | (n & 0x7F))

/* NVMCTRL commands. */
#define SAME5_NVM_CMD_EP        0x00            /* Erase Page (User Page only) */
#define SAME5_NVM_CMD_EB        0x01            /* Erase Block */
#define SAME5_NVM_CMD_WP        0x03            /* Write Page */
#define SAME5_NVM_CMD_WQW       0x04            /* Write Quad Word */
#define SAME5_NVM_CMD_LR        0x11            /* Lock Region */
#define SAME5_NVM_CMD_UR        0x12            /* Unlock Region */
#define SAME5_NVM_CMD_PBC       0x15            /* Page Buffer Clear */
#define SAME5_NVM_CMD_SSB       0x16            /* Set Security Bit */

/* NVMCTRL bits */
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_CTRLA_WMODE_MASK  0x30

#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_DONE      (1 << 0)
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_ADDRE     (1 << 1)
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_PROGE     (1 << 2)
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_LOCKE     (1 << 3)
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_ECCSE     (1 << 4)
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_ECCDE     (1 << 5)
#define SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_NVME      (1 << 6)


/* Known identifiers */
#define SAMD_PROCESSOR_M0       0x01
#define SAMD_PROCESSOR_M4       0x06
#define SAMD_FAMILY_D           0x00
#define SAMD_FAMILY_E           0x03
#define SAMD_SERIES_51          0x06
#define SAME_SERIES_51          0x01
#define SAME_SERIES_53          0x03
#define SAME_SERIES_54          0x04

/* Device ID macros */
#define SAMD_GET_PROCESSOR(id) (id >> 28)
#define SAMD_GET_FAMILY(id) (((id >> 23) & 0x1F))
#define SAMD_GET_SERIES(id) (((id >> 16) & 0x3F))
#define SAMD_GET_DEVSEL(id) (id & 0xFF)

/* Bits to mask user row */
#define NVMUSERROW_SAM_E5_D5_MASK       ((uint64_t)0x7FFF00FF3C007FFF)

struct samd_part {
        uint8_t id;
        const char *name;
        uint32_t flash_kb;
        uint32_t ram_kb;
};

/* See SAM D5x/E5x Family Silicon Errata and Data Sheet Clarification
 * DS80000748B */
/* Known SAMD51 parts. */
static const struct samd_part samd51_parts[] = {
        { 0x00, "SAMD51P20A", 1024, 256 },
        { 0x01, "SAMD51P19A", 512, 192 },
        { 0x02, "SAMD51N20A", 1024, 256 },
        { 0x03, "SAMD51N19A", 512, 192 },
        { 0x04, "SAMD51J20A", 1024, 256 },
        { 0x05, "SAMD51J19A", 512, 192 },
        { 0x06, "SAMD51J18A", 256, 128 },
        { 0x07, "SAMD51G19A", 512, 192 },
        { 0x08, "SAMD51G18A", 256, 128 },
};

/* Known SAME51 parts. */
static const struct samd_part same51_parts[] = {
        { 0x00, "SAME51N20A", 1024, 256 },
        { 0x01, "SAME51N19A", 512, 192 },
        { 0x02, "SAME51J19A", 512, 192 },
        { 0x03, "SAME51J18A", 256, 128 },
        { 0x04, "SAME51J20A", 1024, 256 },
};

/* Known SAME53 parts. */
static const struct samd_part same53_parts[] = {
        { 0x02, "SAME53N20A", 1024, 256 },
        { 0x03, "SAME53N19A", 512, 192 },
        { 0x04, "SAME53J20A", 1024, 256 },
        { 0x05, "SAME53J19A", 512, 192 },
        { 0x06, "SAME53J18A", 256, 128 },
};

/* Known SAME54 parts. */
static const struct samd_part same54_parts[] = {
        { 0x00, "SAME54P20A", 1024, 256 },
        { 0x01, "SAME54P19A", 512, 192 },
        { 0x02, "SAME54N20A", 1024, 256 },
        { 0x03, "SAME54N19A", 512, 192 },
};

/* Each family of parts contains a parts table in the DEVSEL field of DID.  The
 * processor ID, family ID, and series ID are used to determine which exact
 * family this is and then we can use the corresponding table. */
struct samd_family {
        uint8_t processor;
        uint8_t family;
        uint8_t series;
        const struct samd_part *parts;
        size_t num_parts;
};

/* Known SAMD families */
static const struct samd_family samd_families[] = {
        { SAMD_PROCESSOR_M4, SAMD_FAMILY_D, SAMD_SERIES_51,
                samd51_parts, ARRAY_SIZE(samd51_parts) },
        { SAMD_PROCESSOR_M4, SAMD_FAMILY_E, SAME_SERIES_51,
                same51_parts, ARRAY_SIZE(same51_parts) },
        { SAMD_PROCESSOR_M4, SAMD_FAMILY_E, SAME_SERIES_53,
                same53_parts, ARRAY_SIZE(same53_parts) },
        { SAMD_PROCESSOR_M4, SAMD_FAMILY_E, SAME_SERIES_54,
                same54_parts, ARRAY_SIZE(same54_parts) },
};

struct samd_info {
        const struct samd_params *par;
        uint32_t page_size;
        int num_pages;
        int sector_size;
        int prot_block_size;

        bool probed;
        struct target *target;
};


/**
 * Gives the family structure to specific device id.
 * @param id The id of the device.
 * @return On failure NULL, otherwise a pointer to the structure.
 */
static const struct samd_family *samd_find_family(uint32_t id)
{
        uint8_t processor = SAMD_GET_PROCESSOR(id);
        uint8_t family = SAMD_GET_FAMILY(id);
        uint8_t series = SAMD_GET_SERIES(id);

        for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(samd_families); i++) {
                if (samd_families[i].processor == processor &&
                        samd_families[i].series == series &&
                        samd_families[i].family == family)
                        return &samd_families[i];
        }

        return NULL;
}

/**
 * Gives the part structure to specific device id.
 * @param id The id of the device.
 * @return On failure NULL, otherwise a pointer to the structure.
 */
static const struct samd_part *samd_find_part(uint32_t id)
{
        uint8_t devsel = SAMD_GET_DEVSEL(id);
        const struct samd_family *family = samd_find_family(id);
        if (family == NULL)
                return NULL;

        for (unsigned i = 0; i < family->num_parts; i++) {
                if (family->parts[i].id == devsel)
                        return &family->parts[i];
        }

        return NULL;
}

static int same5_protect_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        int res;
        uint32_t lock;

        res = target_read_u32(bank->target,
                        SAMD_NVMCTRL + SAME5_NVMCTRL_LOCK, &lock);
        if (res != ERROR_OK)
                return res;

        /* Lock bits are active-low */
        for (unsigned int prot_block = 0; prot_block < bank->num_prot_blocks; prot_block++)
                bank->prot_blocks[prot_block].is_protected = !(lock & (1u<<prot_block));

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int samd_get_flash_page_info(struct target *target,
                uint32_t *sizep, int *nump)
{
        int res;
        uint32_t param;

        res = target_read_u32(target, SAMD_NVMCTRL + SAMD_NVMCTRL_PARAM, &param);
        if (res == ERROR_OK) {
                /* The PSZ field (bits 18:16) indicate the page size bytes as 2^(3+n)
                 * so 0 is 8KB and 7 is 1024KB. */
                if (sizep)
                        *sizep = (8 << ((param >> 16) & 0x7));
                /* The NVMP field (bits 15:0) indicates the total number of pages */
                if (nump)
                        *nump = param & 0xFFFF;
        } else {
                LOG_ERROR("Couldn't read NVM Parameters register");
        }

        return res;
}

static int same5_probe(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        uint32_t id;
        int res;
        struct samd_info *chip = (struct samd_info *)bank->driver_priv;
        const struct samd_part *part;

        if (chip->probed)
                return ERROR_OK;

        res = target_read_u32(bank->target, SAMD_DSU + SAMD_DSU_DID, &id);
        if (res != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Couldn't read Device ID register");
                return res;
        }

        part = samd_find_part(id);
        if (part == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("Couldn't find part corresponding to DID %08" PRIx32, id);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        bank->size = part->flash_kb * 1024;

        res = samd_get_flash_page_info(bank->target, &chip->page_size,
                        &chip->num_pages);
        if (res != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Couldn't determine Flash page size");
                return res;
        }

        /* Sanity check: the total flash size in the DSU should match the page size
         * multiplied by the number of pages. */
        if (bank->size != chip->num_pages * chip->page_size) {
                LOG_WARNING("SAM: bank size doesn't match NVM parameters. "
                                "Identified %" PRIu32 "KB Flash but NVMCTRL reports %u %" PRIu32 "B pages",
                                part->flash_kb, chip->num_pages, chip->page_size);
        }

        /* Erase granularity = 1 block = 16 pages */
        chip->sector_size = chip->page_size * SAME5_PAGES_PER_BLOCK;

        /* Allocate the sector table */
        bank->num_sectors = chip->num_pages / SAME5_PAGES_PER_BLOCK;
        bank->sectors = alloc_block_array(0, chip->sector_size, bank->num_sectors);
        if (!bank->sectors)
                return ERROR_FAIL;

        /* 16 protection blocks per device */
        chip->prot_block_size = bank->size / SAME5_NUM_PROT_BLOCKS;

        /* Allocate the table of protection blocks */
        bank->num_prot_blocks = SAME5_NUM_PROT_BLOCKS;
        bank->prot_blocks = alloc_block_array(0, chip->prot_block_size, bank->num_prot_blocks);
        if (!bank->prot_blocks)
                return ERROR_FAIL;

        same5_protect_check(bank);

        /* Done */
        chip->probed = true;

        LOG_INFO("SAM MCU: %s (%" PRIu32 "KB Flash, %" PRIu32 "KB RAM)", part->name,
                        part->flash_kb, part->ram_kb);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int same5_wait_and_check_error(struct target *target)
{
        int ret, ret2;
        /* Table 54-40 lists the maximum erase block time as 200 ms.
         * Include some margin.
         */
        int timeout_ms = 200 * 5;
        int64_t ts_start = timeval_ms();
        uint16_t intflag;

        do {
                ret = target_read_u16(target,
                        SAMD_NVMCTRL + SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG, &intflag);
                if (ret != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_ERROR("SAM: error reading the NVMCTRL_INTFLAG register");
                        return ret;
                }
                if (intflag & SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_DONE)
                        break;
                keep_alive();
        } while (timeval_ms() - ts_start < timeout_ms);

        if (!(intflag & SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_DONE)) {
                LOG_ERROR("SAM: NVM programming timed out");
                ret = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }
#if 0
        if (intflag & SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_ECCSE)
                LOG_ERROR("SAM: ECC Single Error");

        if (intflag & SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_ECCDE) {
                LOG_ERROR("SAM: ECC Double Error");
                ret = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }
#endif
        if (intflag & SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_ADDRE) {
                LOG_ERROR("SAM: Addr Error");
                ret = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        if (intflag & SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_NVME) {
                LOG_ERROR("SAM: NVM Error");
                ret = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        if (intflag & SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_LOCKE) {
                LOG_ERROR("SAM: NVM lock error");
                ret = ERROR_FLASH_PROTECTED;
        }

        if (intflag & SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG_PROGE) {
                LOG_ERROR("SAM: NVM programming error");
                ret = ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED;
        }

        /* Clear the error conditions by writing a one to them */
        ret2 = target_write_u16(target,
                        SAMD_NVMCTRL + SAME5_NVMCTRL_INTFLAG, intflag);
        if (ret2 != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_ERROR("Can't clear NVM error conditions");

        return ret;
}

static int same5_issue_nvmctrl_command(struct target *target, uint16_t cmd)
{
        int res;

        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }

        /* Issue the NVM command */
        /* 32-bit write is used to ensure atomic operation on ST-Link */
        res = target_write_u32(target,
                        SAMD_NVMCTRL + SAME5_NVMCTRL_CTRLB, SAMD_NVM_CMD(cmd));
        if (res != ERROR_OK)
                return res;

        /* Check to see if the NVM command resulted in an error condition. */
        return same5_wait_and_check_error(target);
}

/**
 * Erases a flash block or page at the given address.
 * @param target Pointer to the target structure.
 * @param address The address of the row.
 * @return On success ERROR_OK, on failure an errorcode.
 */
static int same5_erase_block(struct target *target, uint32_t address)
{
        int res;

        /* Set an address contained in the block to be erased */
        res = target_write_u32(target,
                        SAMD_NVMCTRL + SAME5_NVMCTRL_ADDR, address);

        /* Issue the Erase Block command. */
        if (res == ERROR_OK)
                res = same5_issue_nvmctrl_command(target,
                                address == SAMD_USER_ROW ? SAME5_NVM_CMD_EP : SAME5_NVM_CMD_EB);

        if (res != ERROR_OK)  {
                LOG_ERROR("Failed to erase block containing %08" PRIx32, address);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}


static int same5_pre_write_check(struct target *target)
{
        int res;
        uint32_t nvm_ctrla;

        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }

        /* Check if manual write mode is set */
        res = target_read_u32(target, SAMD_NVMCTRL + SAME5_NVMCTRL_CTRLA, &nvm_ctrla);
        if (res != ERROR_OK)
                return res;

        if (nvm_ctrla & SAME5_NVMCTRL_CTRLA_WMODE_MASK) {
                LOG_ERROR("The flash controller must be in manual write mode. Issue 'reset init' and retry.");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        return res;
}


/**
 * Modify the contents of the User Row in Flash. The User Row itself
 * has a size of one page and contains a combination of "fuses" and
 * calibration data. Bits which have a value of zero in the mask will
 * not be changed.
 * @param target Pointer to the target structure.
 * @param data Pointer to the value to write.
 * @param mask Pointer to bitmask, 0 -> value stays untouched.
 * @param offset Offset in user row where new data will be applied.
 * @param count Size of buffer and mask in bytes.
 * @return On success ERROR_OK, on failure an errorcode.
 */
static int same5_modify_user_row_masked(struct target *target,
                const uint8_t *data, const uint8_t *mask,
                uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
{
        int res;

        /* Retrieve the MCU's flash page size, in bytes. */
        uint32_t page_size;
        res = samd_get_flash_page_info(target, &page_size, NULL);
        if (res != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Couldn't determine Flash page size");
                return res;
        }

        /* Make sure the size is sane. */
        assert(page_size <= SAMD_PAGE_SIZE_MAX &&
                page_size >= offset + count);

        uint8_t buf[SAMD_PAGE_SIZE_MAX];
        /* Read the user row (comprising one page) by words. */
        res = target_read_memory(target, SAMD_USER_ROW, 4, page_size / 4, buf);
        if (res != ERROR_OK)
                return res;

        /* Modify buffer and check if really changed */
        bool changed = false;
        uint32_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                uint8_t old_b = buf[offset+i];
                uint8_t new_b = (old_b & ~mask[i]) | (data[i] & mask[i]);
                buf[offset+i] = new_b;
                if (old_b != new_b)
                        changed = true;
        }

        if (!changed)
                return ERROR_OK;

        res = same5_pre_write_check(target);
        if (res != ERROR_OK)
                return res;

        res = same5_erase_block(target, SAMD_USER_ROW);
        if (res != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Couldn't erase user row");
                return res;
        }

        /* Write the page buffer back out to the target using Write Quad Word */
        for (i = 0; i < page_size; i += 4 * 4) {
                res = target_write_memory(target, SAMD_USER_ROW + i, 4, 4, buf + i);
                if (res != ERROR_OK)
                        return res;

                /* Trigger flash write */
                res = same5_issue_nvmctrl_command(target, SAME5_NVM_CMD_WQW);
                if (res != ERROR_OK)
                        return res;
        }

        return res;
}

/**
 * Modifies the user row register to the given value.
 * @param target Pointer to the target structure.
 * @param value The value to write.
 * @param startb The bit-offset by which the given value is shifted.
 * @param endb The bit-offset of the last bit in value to write.
 * @return On success ERROR_OK, on failure an errorcode.
 */
static int same5_modify_user_row(struct target *target, uint32_t value,
                uint8_t startb, uint8_t endb)
{
        uint8_t buf_val[8] = { 0 };
        uint8_t buf_mask[8] = { 0 };

        assert(startb <= endb && endb < 64);
        buf_set_u32(buf_val, startb, endb + 1 - startb, value);
        buf_set_u32(buf_mask, startb, endb + 1 - startb, 0xffffffff);

        return same5_modify_user_row_masked(target,
                        buf_val, buf_mask, 0, 8);
}

static int same5_protect(struct flash_bank *bank, int set, unsigned int first,
                unsigned int last)
{
        int res = ERROR_OK;

        /* We can issue lock/unlock region commands with the target running but
         * the settings won't persist unless we're able to modify the LOCK regions
         * and that requires the target to be halted. */
        if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }

        for (unsigned int prot_block = first; prot_block <= last; prot_block++) {
                if (set != bank->prot_blocks[prot_block].is_protected) {
                        /* Load an address that is within this protection block (we use offset 0) */
                        res = target_write_u32(bank->target,
                                        SAMD_NVMCTRL + SAME5_NVMCTRL_ADDR,
                                        bank->prot_blocks[prot_block].offset);
                        if (res != ERROR_OK)
                                goto exit;

                        /* Tell the controller to lock that block */
                        res = same5_issue_nvmctrl_command(bank->target,
                                        set ? SAME5_NVM_CMD_LR : SAME5_NVM_CMD_UR);
                        if (res != ERROR_OK)
                                goto exit;
                }
        }

        /* We've now applied our changes, however they will be undone by the next
         * reset unless we also apply them to the LOCK bits in the User Page.
         * A '1' means unlocked and a '0' means locked. */
        const uint8_t lock[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
        const uint8_t unlock[4] = { 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff };
        uint8_t mask[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };

        buf_set_u32(mask, first, last + 1 - first, 0xffffffff);

        res = same5_modify_user_row_masked(bank->target,
                        set ? lock : unlock, mask, 8, 4);
        if (res != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_WARNING("SAM: protect settings were not made persistent!");

        res = ERROR_OK;

exit:
        same5_protect_check(bank);

        return res;
}

static int same5_erase(struct flash_bank *bank, unsigned int first,
                unsigned int last)
{
        int res;
        struct samd_info *chip = (struct samd_info *)bank->driver_priv;

        if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");

                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }

        if (!chip->probed)
                return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_NOT_PROBED;

        /* For each sector to be erased */
        for (unsigned int s = first; s <= last; s++) {
                res = same5_erase_block(bank->target, bank->sectors[s].offset);
                if (res != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_ERROR("SAM: failed to erase sector %d at 0x%08" PRIx32, s, bank->sectors[s].offset);
                        return res;
                }
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}


static int same5_write(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
                uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
{
        int res;
        uint32_t address;
        uint32_t pg_offset;
        uint32_t nb;
        uint32_t nw;
        struct samd_info *chip = (struct samd_info *)bank->driver_priv;
        uint8_t *pb = NULL;

        res = same5_pre_write_check(bank->target);
        if (res != ERROR_OK)
                return res;

        if (!chip->probed)
                return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_NOT_PROBED;

        res = same5_issue_nvmctrl_command(bank->target, SAME5_NVM_CMD_PBC);
        if (res != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("%s: %d", __func__, __LINE__);
                return res;
        }

        while (count) {
                nb = chip->page_size - offset % chip->page_size;
                if (count < nb)
                        nb = count;

                address = bank->base + offset;
                pg_offset = offset % chip->page_size;

                if (offset % 4 || (offset + nb) % 4) {
                        /* Either start or end of write is not word aligned */
                        if (!pb) {
                                pb = malloc(chip->page_size);
                                if (!pb)
                                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                        }

                        /* Set temporary page buffer to 0xff and overwrite the relevant part */
                        memset(pb, 0xff, chip->page_size);
                        memcpy(pb + pg_offset, buffer, nb);

                        /* Align start address to a word boundary */
                        address -= offset % 4;
                        pg_offset -= offset % 4;
                        assert(pg_offset % 4 == 0);

                        /* Extend length to whole words */
                        nw = (nb + offset % 4 + 3) / 4;
                        assert(pg_offset + 4 * nw <= chip->page_size);

                        /* Now we have original data extended by 0xff bytes
                         * to the nearest word boundary on both start and end */
                        res = target_write_memory(bank->target, address, 4, nw, pb + pg_offset);
                } else {
                        assert(nb % 4 == 0);
                        nw = nb / 4;
                        assert(pg_offset + 4 * nw <= chip->page_size);

                        /* Word aligned data, use direct write from buffer */
                        res = target_write_memory(bank->target, address, 4, nw, buffer);
                }
                if (res != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_ERROR("%s: %d", __func__, __LINE__);
                        goto free_pb;
                }

                res = same5_issue_nvmctrl_command(bank->target, SAME5_NVM_CMD_WP);
                if (res != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_ERROR("%s: write failed at address 0x%08" PRIx32, __func__, address);
                        goto free_pb;
                }

                /* We're done with the page contents */
                count -= nb;
                offset += nb;
                buffer += nb;
        }

free_pb:
        free(pb);
        return res;
}


FLASH_BANK_COMMAND_HANDLER(same5_flash_bank_command)
{
        if (bank->base != SAMD_FLASH) {
                LOG_ERROR("Address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " invalid bank address (try "
                        "0x%08x[same5] )", bank->base, SAMD_FLASH);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        struct samd_info *chip;
        chip = calloc(1, sizeof(*chip));
        if (!chip) {
                LOG_ERROR("No memory for flash bank chip info");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        chip->target = bank->target;
        chip->probed = false;

        bank->driver_priv = chip;

        return ERROR_OK;
}


COMMAND_HANDLER(same5_handle_chip_erase_command)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        if (!target)
                return ERROR_FAIL;

        /* Enable access to the DSU by disabling the write protect bit */
        target_write_u32(target, SAME5_PAC, (1<<16) | (1<<5) | (1<<1));
        /* intentionally without error checking - not accessible on secured chip */

        /* Tell the DSU to perform a full chip erase.  It takes about 240ms to
         * perform the erase. */
        int res = target_write_u8(target, SAMD_DSU + SAMD_DSU_CTRL_EXT, (1<<4));
        if (res == ERROR_OK)
                command_print(CMD, "chip erase started");
        else
                command_print(CMD, "write to DSU CTRL failed");

        return res;
}


COMMAND_HANDLER(same5_handle_userpage_command)
{
        int res = ERROR_OK;
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        if (!target)
                return ERROR_FAIL;

        if (CMD_ARGC > 2) {
                command_print(CMD, "Too much Arguments given.");
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        if (CMD_ARGC >= 1) {
                uint64_t mask = NVMUSERROW_SAM_E5_D5_MASK;
                uint64_t value = strtoull(CMD_ARGV[0], NULL, 0);

                if (CMD_ARGC == 2) {
                        uint64_t mask_temp = strtoull(CMD_ARGV[1], NULL, 0);
                        mask &= mask_temp;
                }

                uint8_t val_buf[8], mask_buf[8];
                target_buffer_set_u64(target, val_buf, value);
                target_buffer_set_u64(target, mask_buf, mask);

                res = same5_modify_user_row_masked(target,
                                val_buf, mask_buf, 0, sizeof(val_buf));
        }

        uint8_t buffer[8];
        int res2 = target_read_memory(target, SAMD_USER_ROW, 4, 2, buffer);
        if (res2 == ERROR_OK) {
                uint64_t value = target_buffer_get_u64(target, buffer);
                command_print(CMD, "USER PAGE: 0x%016"PRIX64, value);
        } else {
                LOG_ERROR("USER PAGE could not be read.");
        }

        if (CMD_ARGC >= 1)
                return res;
        else
                return res2;
}


COMMAND_HANDLER(same5_handle_bootloader_command)
{
        int res = ERROR_OK;
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        if (!target)
                return ERROR_FAIL;

        if (CMD_ARGC >= 1) {
                unsigned long size = strtoul(CMD_ARGV[0], NULL, 0);
                uint32_t code = (size + 8191) / 8192;
                if (code > 15) {
                        command_print(CMD, "Invalid bootloader size.  Please "
                                                "see datasheet for a list valid sizes.");
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                }

                res = same5_modify_user_row(target, 15 - code, 26, 29);
        }

        uint32_t val;
        int res2 = target_read_u32(target, SAMD_USER_ROW, &val);
        if (res2 == ERROR_OK) {
                uint32_t code = (val >> 26) & 0xf; /* grab size code */
                uint32_t size = (15 - code) * 8192;
                command_print(CMD, "Bootloader protected in the first %"
                                      PRIu32 " bytes", size);
        }

        if (CMD_ARGC >= 1)
                return res;
        else
                return res2;
}


COMMAND_HANDLER(samd_handle_reset_deassert)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        int res = ERROR_OK;
        enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
        if (!target)
                return ERROR_FAIL;

        /* If the target has been unresponsive before, try to re-establish
         * communication now - CPU is held in reset by DSU, DAP is working */
        if (!target_was_examined(target))
                target_examine_one(target);
        target_poll(target);

        /* In case of sysresetreq, debug retains state set in cortex_m_assert_reset()
         * so we just release reset held by DSU
         *
         * n_RESET (srst) clears the DP, so reenable debug and set vector catch here
         *
         * After vectreset DSU release is not needed however makes no harm
         */
        if (target->reset_halt && (jtag_reset_config & RESET_HAS_SRST)) {
                res = target_write_u32(target, DCB_DHCSR, DBGKEY | C_HALT | C_DEBUGEN);
                if (res == ERROR_OK)
                        res = target_write_u32(target, DCB_DEMCR,
                                TRCENA | VC_HARDERR | VC_BUSERR | VC_CORERESET);
                /* do not return on error here, releasing DSU reset is more important */
        }

        /* clear CPU Reset Phase Extension bit */
        int res2 = target_write_u8(target, SAMD_DSU + SAMD_DSU_STATUSA, (1<<1));
        if (res2 != ERROR_OK)
                return res2;

        return res;
}

static const struct command_registration same5_exec_command_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "dsu_reset_deassert",
                .usage = "",
                .handler = samd_handle_reset_deassert,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Deassert internal reset held by DSU."
        },
        {
                .name = "chip-erase",
                .usage = "",
                .handler = same5_handle_chip_erase_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Erase the entire Flash by using the Chip-"
                        "Erase feature in the Device Service Unit (DSU).",
        },
        {
                .name = "bootloader",
                .usage = "[size_in_bytes]",
                .handler = same5_handle_bootloader_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Show or set the bootloader protection size, stored in the User Row. "
                        "Changes are stored immediately but take affect after the MCU is "
                        "reset.",
        },
        {
                .name = "userpage",
                .usage = "[value] [mask]",
                .handler = same5_handle_userpage_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Show or set the first 64-bit part of user page "
                        "located at address 0x804000. Use the optional mask argument "
                        "to prevent changes at positions where the bitvalue is zero. "
                        "For security reasons the reserved-bits are masked out "
                        "in background and therefore cannot be changed.",
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};

static const struct command_registration same5_command_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "atsame5",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .help = "atsame5 flash command group",
                .usage = "",
                .chain = same5_exec_command_handlers,
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};

const struct flash_driver atsame5_flash = {
        .name = "atsame5",
        .commands = same5_command_handlers,
        .flash_bank_command = same5_flash_bank_command,
        .erase = same5_erase,
        .protect = same5_protect,
        .write = same5_write,
        .read = default_flash_read,
        .probe = same5_probe,
        .auto_probe = same5_probe,
        .erase_check = default_flash_blank_check,
        .protect_check = same5_protect_check,
        .free_driver_priv = default_flash_free_driver_priv,
};