target: make target re-configuration possible again

[openocd.git] / src / target / target.c

/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2005 by Dominic Rath                                    *
 *   Dominic.Rath@gmx.de                                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Øyvind Harboe                                 *
 *   oyvind.harboe@zylin.com                                               *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2008, Duane Ellis                                       *
 *   openocd@duaneeellis.com                                               *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver                                  *
 *   spen@spen-soft.co.uk                                                  *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Rick Altherr                                    *
 *   kc8apf@kc8apf.net>                                                    *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2011 by Broadcom Corporation                            *
 *   Evan Hunter - ehunter@broadcom.com                                    *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) ST-Ericsson SA 2011                                     *
 *   michel.jaouen@stericsson.com : smp minimum support                    *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2011 Andreas Fritiofson                                 *
 *   andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com                                          *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       *
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         *
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
 *                                                                         *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
 *   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
 ***************************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <helper/time_support.h>
#include <jtag/jtag.h>
#include <flash/nor/core.h>

#include "target.h"
#include "target_type.h"
#include "target_request.h"
#include "breakpoints.h"
#include "register.h"
#include "trace.h"
#include "image.h"
#include "rtos/rtos.h"
#include "transport/transport.h"
#include "arm_cti.h"

/* default halt wait timeout (ms) */
#define DEFAULT_HALT_TIMEOUT 5000

static int target_read_buffer_default(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
                uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
static int target_write_buffer_default(struct target *target, target_addr_t address,
                uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer);
static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
                int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv);
static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
                int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv);
static int target_register_user_commands(struct command_context *cmd_ctx);
static int target_get_gdb_fileio_info_default(struct target *target,
                struct gdb_fileio_info *fileio_info);
static int target_gdb_fileio_end_default(struct target *target, int retcode,
                int fileio_errno, bool ctrl_c);
static int target_profiling_default(struct target *target, uint32_t *samples,
                uint32_t max_num_samples, uint32_t *num_samples, uint32_t seconds);

/* targets */
extern struct target_type arm7tdmi_target;
extern struct target_type arm720t_target;
extern struct target_type arm9tdmi_target;
extern struct target_type arm920t_target;
extern struct target_type arm966e_target;
extern struct target_type arm946e_target;
extern struct target_type arm926ejs_target;
extern struct target_type fa526_target;
extern struct target_type feroceon_target;
extern struct target_type dragonite_target;
extern struct target_type xscale_target;
extern struct target_type cortexm_target;
extern struct target_type cortexa_target;
extern struct target_type aarch64_target;
extern struct target_type cortexr4_target;
extern struct target_type arm11_target;
extern struct target_type ls1_sap_target;
extern struct target_type mips_m4k_target;
extern struct target_type avr_target;
extern struct target_type dsp563xx_target;
extern struct target_type dsp5680xx_target;
extern struct target_type testee_target;
extern struct target_type avr32_ap7k_target;
extern struct target_type hla_target;
extern struct target_type nds32_v2_target;
extern struct target_type nds32_v3_target;
extern struct target_type nds32_v3m_target;
extern struct target_type or1k_target;
extern struct target_type quark_x10xx_target;
extern struct target_type quark_d20xx_target;
extern struct target_type stm8_target;
extern struct target_type riscv_target;
extern struct target_type mem_ap_target;
extern struct target_type esirisc_target;

static struct target_type *target_types[] = {
        &arm7tdmi_target,
        &arm9tdmi_target,
        &arm920t_target,
        &arm720t_target,
        &arm966e_target,
        &arm946e_target,
        &arm926ejs_target,
        &fa526_target,
        &feroceon_target,
        &dragonite_target,
        &xscale_target,
        &cortexm_target,
        &cortexa_target,
        &cortexr4_target,
        &arm11_target,
        &ls1_sap_target,
        &mips_m4k_target,
        &avr_target,
        &dsp563xx_target,
        &dsp5680xx_target,
        &testee_target,
        &avr32_ap7k_target,
        &hla_target,
        &nds32_v2_target,
        &nds32_v3_target,
        &nds32_v3m_target,
        &or1k_target,
        &quark_x10xx_target,
        &quark_d20xx_target,
        &stm8_target,
        &riscv_target,
        &mem_ap_target,
        &esirisc_target,
#if BUILD_TARGET64
        &aarch64_target,
#endif
        NULL,
};

struct target *all_targets;
static struct target_event_callback *target_event_callbacks;
static struct target_timer_callback *target_timer_callbacks;
LIST_HEAD(target_reset_callback_list);
LIST_HEAD(target_trace_callback_list);
static const int polling_interval = 100;

static const Jim_Nvp nvp_assert[] = {
        { .name = "assert", NVP_ASSERT },
        { .name = "deassert", NVP_DEASSERT },
        { .name = "T", NVP_ASSERT },
        { .name = "F", NVP_DEASSERT },
        { .name = "t", NVP_ASSERT },
        { .name = "f", NVP_DEASSERT },
        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 }
};

static const Jim_Nvp nvp_error_target[] = {
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_INVALID, .name = "err-invalid" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_INIT_FAILED, .name = "err-init-failed" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_TIMEOUT, .name = "err-timeout" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED, .name = "err-not-halted" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_FAILURE, .name = "err-failure" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS   , .name = "err-unaligned-access" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_DATA_ABORT , .name = "err-data-abort" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE , .name = "err-resource-not-available" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_TRANSLATION_FAULT  , .name = "err-translation-fault" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_NOT_RUNNING, .name = "err-not-running" },
        { .value = ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED, .name = "err-not-examined" },
        { .value = -1, .name = NULL }
};

static const char *target_strerror_safe(int err)
{
        const Jim_Nvp *n;

        n = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_error_target, err);
        if (n->name == NULL)
                return "unknown";
        else
                return n->name;
}

static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_event[] = {

        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT, .name = "gdb-halt" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_HALTED, .name = "halted" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESUMED, .name = "resumed" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_START, .name = "resume-start" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_END, .name = "resume-end" },

        { .name = "gdb-start", .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_START },
        { .name = "gdb-end", .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_END },

        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_START,         .name = "reset-start" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT_PRE,    .name = "reset-assert-pre" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT,        .name = "reset-assert" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_ASSERT_POST,   .name = "reset-assert-post" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_DEASSERT_PRE,  .name = "reset-deassert-pre" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_DEASSERT_POST, .name = "reset-deassert-post" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_INIT,          .name = "reset-init" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_RESET_END,           .name = "reset-end" },

        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_START, .name = "examine-start" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_END, .name = "examine-end" },

        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_HALTED, .name = "debug-halted" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_DEBUG_RESUMED, .name = "debug-resumed" },

        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_ATTACH, .name = "gdb-attach" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_DETACH, .name = "gdb-detach" },

        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_WRITE_START, .name = "gdb-flash-write-start" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_WRITE_END  , .name = "gdb-flash-write-end"   },

        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_ERASE_START, .name = "gdb-flash-erase-start" },
        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_GDB_FLASH_ERASE_END  , .name = "gdb-flash-erase-end" },

        { .value = TARGET_EVENT_TRACE_CONFIG, .name = "trace-config" },

        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 }
};

static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_state[] = {
        { .name = "unknown", .value = TARGET_UNKNOWN },
        { .name = "running", .value = TARGET_RUNNING },
        { .name = "halted",  .value = TARGET_HALTED },
        { .name = "reset",   .value = TARGET_RESET },
        { .name = "debug-running", .value = TARGET_DEBUG_RUNNING },
        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 },
};

static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_debug_reason[] = {
        { .name = "debug-request"            , .value = DBG_REASON_DBGRQ },
        { .name = "breakpoint"               , .value = DBG_REASON_BREAKPOINT },
        { .name = "watchpoint"               , .value = DBG_REASON_WATCHPOINT },
        { .name = "watchpoint-and-breakpoint", .value = DBG_REASON_WPTANDBKPT },
        { .name = "single-step"              , .value = DBG_REASON_SINGLESTEP },
        { .name = "target-not-halted"        , .value = DBG_REASON_NOTHALTED  },
        { .name = "program-exit"             , .value = DBG_REASON_EXIT },
        { .name = "exception-catch"          , .value = DBG_REASON_EXC_CATCH },
        { .name = "undefined"                , .value = DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED },
        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 },
};

static const Jim_Nvp nvp_target_endian[] = {
        { .name = "big",    .value = TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN },
        { .name = "little", .value = TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN },
        { .name = "be",     .value = TARGET_BIG_ENDIAN },
        { .name = "le",     .value = TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN },
        { .name = NULL,     .value = -1 },
};

static const Jim_Nvp nvp_reset_modes[] = {
        { .name = "unknown", .value = RESET_UNKNOWN },
        { .name = "run"    , .value = RESET_RUN },
        { .name = "halt"   , .value = RESET_HALT },
        { .name = "init"   , .value = RESET_INIT },
        { .name = NULL     , .value = -1 },
};

const char *debug_reason_name(struct target *t)
{
        const char *cp;

        cp = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_debug_reason,
                        t->debug_reason)->name;
        if (!cp) {
                LOG_ERROR("Invalid debug reason: %d", (int)(t->debug_reason));
                cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
        }
        return cp;
}

const char *target_state_name(struct target *t)
{
        const char *cp;
        cp = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_state, t->state)->name;
        if (!cp) {
                LOG_ERROR("Invalid target state: %d", (int)(t->state));
                cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
        }

        if (!target_was_examined(t) && t->defer_examine)
                cp = "examine deferred";

        return cp;
}

const char *target_event_name(enum target_event event)
{
        const char *cp;
        cp = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, event)->name;
        if (!cp) {
                LOG_ERROR("Invalid target event: %d", (int)(event));
                cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
        }
        return cp;
}

const char *target_reset_mode_name(enum target_reset_mode reset_mode)
{
        const char *cp;
        cp = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_reset_modes, reset_mode)->name;
        if (!cp) {
                LOG_ERROR("Invalid target reset mode: %d", (int)(reset_mode));
                cp = "(*BUG*unknown*BUG*)";
        }
        return cp;
}

/* determine the number of the new target */
static int new_target_number(void)
{
        struct target *t;
        int x;

        /* number is 0 based */
        x = -1;
        t = all_targets;
        while (t) {
                if (x < t->target_number)
                        x = t->target_number;
                t = t->next;
        }
        return x + 1;
}

/* read a uint64_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
uint64_t target_buffer_get_u64(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
        if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
                return le_to_h_u64(buffer);
        else
                return be_to_h_u64(buffer);
}

/* read a uint32_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
uint32_t target_buffer_get_u32(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
        if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
                return le_to_h_u32(buffer);
        else
                return be_to_h_u32(buffer);
}

/* read a uint24_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
uint32_t target_buffer_get_u24(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
        if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
                return le_to_h_u24(buffer);
        else
                return be_to_h_u24(buffer);
}

/* read a uint16_t from a buffer in target memory endianness */
uint16_t target_buffer_get_u16(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
        if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
                return le_to_h_u16(buffer);
        else
                return be_to_h_u16(buffer);
}

/* write a uint64_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u64(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint64_t value)
{
        if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
                h_u64_to_le(buffer, value);
        else
                h_u64_to_be(buffer, value);
}

/* write a uint32_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u32(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t value)
{
        if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
                h_u32_to_le(buffer, value);
        else
                h_u32_to_be(buffer, value);
}

/* write a uint24_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u24(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t value)
{
        if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
                h_u24_to_le(buffer, value);
        else
                h_u24_to_be(buffer, value);
}

/* write a uint16_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u16(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint16_t value)
{
        if (target->endianness == TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
                h_u16_to_le(buffer, value);
        else
                h_u16_to_be(buffer, value);
}

/* write a uint8_t to a buffer in target memory endianness */
static void target_buffer_set_u8(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t value)
{
        *buffer = value;
}

/* write a uint64_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_get_u64_array(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint64_t *dstbuf)
{
        uint32_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
                dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u64(target, &buffer[i * 8]);
}

/* write a uint32_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_get_u32_array(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint32_t *dstbuf)
{
        uint32_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
                dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &buffer[i * 4]);
}

/* write a uint16_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_get_u16_array(struct target *target, const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, uint16_t *dstbuf)
{
        uint32_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
                dstbuf[i] = target_buffer_get_u16(target, &buffer[i * 2]);
}

/* write a uint64_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u64_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, const uint64_t *srcbuf)
{
        uint32_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
                target_buffer_set_u64(target, &buffer[i * 8], srcbuf[i]);
}

/* write a uint32_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u32_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, const uint32_t *srcbuf)
{
        uint32_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
                target_buffer_set_u32(target, &buffer[i * 4], srcbuf[i]);
}

/* write a uint16_t array to a buffer in target memory endianness */
void target_buffer_set_u16_array(struct target *target, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, const uint16_t *srcbuf)
{
        uint32_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
                target_buffer_set_u16(target, &buffer[i * 2], srcbuf[i]);
}

/* return a pointer to a configured target; id is name or number */
struct target *get_target(const char *id)
{
        struct target *target;

        /* try as tcltarget name */
        for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
                if (target_name(target) == NULL)
                        continue;
                if (strcmp(id, target_name(target)) == 0)
                        return target;
        }

        /* It's OK to remove this fallback sometime after August 2010 or so */

        /* no match, try as number */
        unsigned num;
        if (parse_uint(id, &num) != ERROR_OK)
                return NULL;

        for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
                if (target->target_number == (int)num) {
                        LOG_WARNING("use '%s' as target identifier, not '%u'",
                                        target_name(target), num);
                        return target;
                }
        }

        return NULL;
}

/* returns a pointer to the n-th configured target */
struct target *get_target_by_num(int num)
{
        struct target *target = all_targets;

        while (target) {
                if (target->target_number == num)
                        return target;
                target = target->next;
        }

        return NULL;
}

struct target *get_current_target(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target_or_null(cmd_ctx);

        if (target == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("BUG: current_target out of bounds");
                exit(-1);
        }

        return target;
}

struct target *get_current_target_or_null(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
        return cmd_ctx->current_target_override
                ? cmd_ctx->current_target_override
                : cmd_ctx->current_target;
}

int target_poll(struct target *target)
{
        int retval;

        /* We can't poll until after examine */
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                /* Fail silently lest we pollute the log */
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        retval = target->type->poll(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        if (target->halt_issued) {
                if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED)
                        target->halt_issued = false;
                else {
                        int64_t t = timeval_ms() - target->halt_issued_time;
                        if (t > DEFAULT_HALT_TIMEOUT) {
                                target->halt_issued = false;
                                LOG_INFO("Halt timed out, wake up GDB.");
                                target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
                        }
                }
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_halt(struct target *target)
{
        int retval;
        /* We can't poll until after examine */
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        retval = target->type->halt(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        target->halt_issued = true;
        target->halt_issued_time = timeval_ms();

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/**
 * Make the target (re)start executing using its saved execution
 * context (possibly with some modifications).
 *
 * @param target Which target should start executing.
 * @param current True to use the target's saved program counter instead
 *      of the address parameter
 * @param address Optionally used as the program counter.
 * @param handle_breakpoints True iff breakpoints at the resumption PC
 *      should be skipped.  (For example, maybe execution was stopped by
 *      such a breakpoint, in which case it would be counterprodutive to
 *      let it re-trigger.
 * @param debug_execution False if all working areas allocated by OpenOCD
 *      should be released and/or restored to their original contents.
 *      (This would for example be true to run some downloaded "helper"
 *      algorithm code, which resides in one such working buffer and uses
 *      another for data storage.)
 *
 * @todo Resolve the ambiguity about what the "debug_execution" flag
 * signifies.  For example, Target implementations don't agree on how
 * it relates to invalidation of the register cache, or to whether
 * breakpoints and watchpoints should be enabled.  (It would seem wrong
 * to enable breakpoints when running downloaded "helper" algorithms
 * (debug_execution true), since the breakpoints would be set to match
 * target firmware being debugged, not the helper algorithm.... and
 * enabling them could cause such helpers to malfunction (for example,
 * by overwriting data with a breakpoint instruction.  On the other
 * hand the infrastructure for running such helpers might use this
 * procedure but rely on hardware breakpoint to detect termination.)
 */
int target_resume(struct target *target, int current, target_addr_t address,
                int handle_breakpoints, int debug_execution)
{
        int retval;

        /* We can't poll until after examine */
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_START);

        /* note that resume *must* be asynchronous. The CPU can halt before
         * we poll. The CPU can even halt at the current PC as a result of
         * a software breakpoint being inserted by (a bug?) the application.
         */
        retval = target->type->resume(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints, debug_execution);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_RESUME_END);

        return retval;
}

static int target_process_reset(struct command_invocation *cmd, enum target_reset_mode reset_mode)
{
        char buf[100];
        int retval;
        Jim_Nvp *n;
        n = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_reset_modes, reset_mode);
        if (n->name == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("invalid reset mode");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        struct target *target;
        for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next)
                target_call_reset_callbacks(target, reset_mode);

        /* disable polling during reset to make reset event scripts
         * more predictable, i.e. dr/irscan & pathmove in events will
         * not have JTAG operations injected into the middle of a sequence.
         */
        bool save_poll = jtag_poll_get_enabled();

        jtag_poll_set_enabled(false);

        sprintf(buf, "ocd_process_reset %s", n->name);
        retval = Jim_Eval(cmd->ctx->interp, buf);

        jtag_poll_set_enabled(save_poll);

        if (retval != JIM_OK) {
                Jim_MakeErrorMessage(cmd->ctx->interp);
                command_print(cmd, "%s", Jim_GetString(Jim_GetResult(cmd->ctx->interp), NULL));
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        /* We want any events to be processed before the prompt */
        retval = target_call_timer_callbacks_now();

        for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
                target->type->check_reset(target);
                target->running_alg = false;
        }

        return retval;
}

static int identity_virt2phys(struct target *target,
                target_addr_t virtual, target_addr_t *physical)
{
        *physical = virtual;
        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int no_mmu(struct target *target, int *enabled)
{
        *enabled = 0;
        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int default_examine(struct target *target)
{
        target_set_examined(target);
        return ERROR_OK;
}

/* no check by default */
static int default_check_reset(struct target *target)
{
        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_examine_one(struct target *target)
{
        target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_START);

        int retval = target->type->examine(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_EXAMINE_END);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int jtag_enable_callback(enum jtag_event event, void *priv)
{
        struct target *target = priv;

        if (event != JTAG_TAP_EVENT_ENABLE || !target->tap->enabled)
                return ERROR_OK;

        jtag_unregister_event_callback(jtag_enable_callback, target);

        return target_examine_one(target);
}

/* Targets that correctly implement init + examine, i.e.
 * no communication with target during init:
 *
 * XScale
 */
int target_examine(void)
{
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        struct target *target;

        for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
                /* defer examination, but don't skip it */
                if (!target->tap->enabled) {
                        jtag_register_event_callback(jtag_enable_callback,
                                        target);
                        continue;
                }

                if (target->defer_examine)
                        continue;

                retval = target_examine_one(target);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
        }
        return retval;
}

const char *target_type_name(struct target *target)
{
        return target->type->name;
}

static int target_soft_reset_halt(struct target *target)
{
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        if (!target->type->soft_reset_halt) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target %s does not support soft_reset_halt",
                                target_name(target));
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        return target->type->soft_reset_halt(target);
}

/**
 * Downloads a target-specific native code algorithm to the target,
 * and executes it.  * Note that some targets may need to set up, enable,
 * and tear down a breakpoint (hard or * soft) to detect algorithm
 * termination, while others may support  lower overhead schemes where
 * soft breakpoints embedded in the algorithm automatically terminate the
 * algorithm.
 *
 * @param target used to run the algorithm
 * @param arch_info target-specific description of the algorithm.
 */
int target_run_algorithm(struct target *target,
                int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
                int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_param,
                uint32_t entry_point, uint32_t exit_point,
                int timeout_ms, void *arch_info)
{
        int retval = ERROR_FAIL;

        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                goto done;
        }
        if (!target->type->run_algorithm) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target type '%s' does not support %s",
                                target_type_name(target), __func__);
                goto done;
        }

        target->running_alg = true;
        retval = target->type->run_algorithm(target,
                        num_mem_params, mem_params,
                        num_reg_params, reg_param,
                        entry_point, exit_point, timeout_ms, arch_info);
        target->running_alg = false;

done:
        return retval;
}

/**
 * Executes a target-specific native code algorithm and leaves it running.
 *
 * @param target used to run the algorithm
 * @param arch_info target-specific description of the algorithm.
 */
int target_start_algorithm(struct target *target,
                int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
                int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_params,
                uint32_t entry_point, uint32_t exit_point,
                void *arch_info)
{
        int retval = ERROR_FAIL;

        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                goto done;
        }
        if (!target->type->start_algorithm) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target type '%s' does not support %s",
                                target_type_name(target), __func__);
                goto done;
        }
        if (target->running_alg) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target is already running an algorithm");
                goto done;
        }

        target->running_alg = true;
        retval = target->type->start_algorithm(target,
                        num_mem_params, mem_params,
                        num_reg_params, reg_params,
                        entry_point, exit_point, arch_info);

done:
        return retval;
}

/**
 * Waits for an algorithm started with target_start_algorithm() to complete.
 *
 * @param target used to run the algorithm
 * @param arch_info target-specific description of the algorithm.
 */
int target_wait_algorithm(struct target *target,
                int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
                int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_params,
                uint32_t exit_point, int timeout_ms,
                void *arch_info)
{
        int retval = ERROR_FAIL;

        if (!target->type->wait_algorithm) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target type '%s' does not support %s",
                                target_type_name(target), __func__);
                goto done;
        }
        if (!target->running_alg) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target is not running an algorithm");
                goto done;
        }

        retval = target->type->wait_algorithm(target,
                        num_mem_params, mem_params,
                        num_reg_params, reg_params,
                        exit_point, timeout_ms, arch_info);
        if (retval != ERROR_TARGET_TIMEOUT)
                target->running_alg = false;

done:
        return retval;
}

/**
 * Streams data to a circular buffer on target intended for consumption by code
 * running asynchronously on target.
 *
 * This is intended for applications where target-specific native code runs
 * on the target, receives data from the circular buffer, does something with
 * it (most likely writing it to a flash memory), and advances the circular
 * buffer pointer.
 *
 * This assumes that the helper algorithm has already been loaded to the target,
 * but has not been started yet. Given memory and register parameters are passed
 * to the algorithm.
 *
 * The buffer is defined by (buffer_start, buffer_size) arguments and has the
 * following format:
 *
 *     [buffer_start + 0, buffer_start + 4):
 *         Write Pointer address (aka head). Written and updated by this
 *         routine when new data is written to the circular buffer.
 *     [buffer_start + 4, buffer_start + 8):
 *         Read Pointer address (aka tail). Updated by code running on the
 *         target after it consumes data.
 *     [buffer_start + 8, buffer_start + buffer_size):
 *         Circular buffer contents.
 *
 * See contrib/loaders/flash/stm32f1x.S for an example.
 *
 * @param target used to run the algorithm
 * @param buffer address on the host where data to be sent is located
 * @param count number of blocks to send
 * @param block_size size in bytes of each block
 * @param num_mem_params count of memory-based params to pass to algorithm
 * @param mem_params memory-based params to pass to algorithm
 * @param num_reg_params count of register-based params to pass to algorithm
 * @param reg_params memory-based params to pass to algorithm
 * @param buffer_start address on the target of the circular buffer structure
 * @param buffer_size size of the circular buffer structure
 * @param entry_point address on the target to execute to start the algorithm
 * @param exit_point address at which to set a breakpoint to catch the
 *     end of the algorithm; can be 0 if target triggers a breakpoint itself
 */

int target_run_flash_async_algorithm(struct target *target,
                const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t count, int block_size,
                int num_mem_params, struct mem_param *mem_params,
                int num_reg_params, struct reg_param *reg_params,
                uint32_t buffer_start, uint32_t buffer_size,
                uint32_t entry_point, uint32_t exit_point, void *arch_info)
{
        int retval;
        int timeout = 0;

        const uint8_t *buffer_orig = buffer;

        /* Set up working area. First word is write pointer, second word is read pointer,
         * rest is fifo data area. */
        uint32_t wp_addr = buffer_start;
        uint32_t rp_addr = buffer_start + 4;
        uint32_t fifo_start_addr = buffer_start + 8;
        uint32_t fifo_end_addr = buffer_start + buffer_size;

        uint32_t wp = fifo_start_addr;
        uint32_t rp = fifo_start_addr;

        /* validate block_size is 2^n */
        assert(!block_size || !(block_size & (block_size - 1)));

        retval = target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, wp);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
        retval = target_write_u32(target, rp_addr, rp);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        /* Start up algorithm on target and let it idle while writing the first chunk */
        retval = target_start_algorithm(target, num_mem_params, mem_params,
                        num_reg_params, reg_params,
                        entry_point,
                        exit_point,
                        arch_info);

        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("error starting target flash write algorithm");
                return retval;
        }

        while (count > 0) {

                retval = target_read_u32(target, rp_addr, &rp);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_ERROR("failed to get read pointer");
                        break;
                }

                LOG_DEBUG("offs 0x%zx count 0x%" PRIx32 " wp 0x%" PRIx32 " rp 0x%" PRIx32,
                        (size_t) (buffer - buffer_orig), count, wp, rp);

                if (rp == 0) {
                        LOG_ERROR("flash write algorithm aborted by target");
                        retval = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
                        break;
                }

                if (((rp - fifo_start_addr) & (block_size - 1)) || rp < fifo_start_addr || rp >= fifo_end_addr) {
                        LOG_ERROR("corrupted fifo read pointer 0x%" PRIx32, rp);
                        break;
                }

                /* Count the number of bytes available in the fifo without
                 * crossing the wrap around. Make sure to not fill it completely,
                 * because that would make wp == rp and that's the empty condition. */
                uint32_t thisrun_bytes;
                if (rp > wp)
                        thisrun_bytes = rp - wp - block_size;
                else if (rp > fifo_start_addr)
                        thisrun_bytes = fifo_end_addr - wp;
                else
                        thisrun_bytes = fifo_end_addr - wp - block_size;

                if (thisrun_bytes == 0) {
                        /* Throttle polling a bit if transfer is (much) faster than flash
                         * programming. The exact delay shouldn't matter as long as it's
                         * less than buffer size / flash speed. This is very unlikely to
                         * run when using high latency connections such as USB. */
                        alive_sleep(10);

                        /* to stop an infinite loop on some targets check and increment a timeout
                         * this issue was observed on a stellaris using the new ICDI interface */
                        if (timeout++ >= 500) {
                                LOG_ERROR("timeout waiting for algorithm, a target reset is recommended");
                                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
                        }
                        continue;
                }

                /* reset our timeout */
                timeout = 0;

                /* Limit to the amount of data we actually want to write */
                if (thisrun_bytes > count * block_size)
                        thisrun_bytes = count * block_size;

                /* Write data to fifo */
                retval = target_write_buffer(target, wp, thisrun_bytes, buffer);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        break;

                /* Update counters and wrap write pointer */
                buffer += thisrun_bytes;
                count -= thisrun_bytes / block_size;
                wp += thisrun_bytes;
                if (wp >= fifo_end_addr)
                        wp = fifo_start_addr;

                /* Store updated write pointer to target */
                retval = target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, wp);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        break;

                /* Avoid GDB timeouts */
                keep_alive();
        }

        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                /* abort flash write algorithm on target */
                target_write_u32(target, wp_addr, 0);
        }

        int retval2 = target_wait_algorithm(target, num_mem_params, mem_params,
                        num_reg_params, reg_params,
                        exit_point,
                        10000,
                        arch_info);

        if (retval2 != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("error waiting for target flash write algorithm");
                retval = retval2;
        }

        if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                /* check if algorithm set rp = 0 after fifo writer loop finished */
                retval = target_read_u32(target, rp_addr, &rp);
                if (retval == ERROR_OK && rp == 0) {
                        LOG_ERROR("flash write algorithm aborted by target");
                        retval = ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
                }
        }

        return retval;
}

int target_read_memory(struct target *target,
                target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
{
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        if (!target->type->read_memory) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support read_memory", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        return target->type->read_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
}

int target_read_phys_memory(struct target *target,
                target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
{
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        if (!target->type->read_phys_memory) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support read_phys_memory", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        return target->type->read_phys_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
}

int target_write_memory(struct target *target,
                target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        if (!target->type->write_memory) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support write_memory", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        return target->type->write_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
}

int target_write_phys_memory(struct target *target,
                target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        if (!target->type->write_phys_memory) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target %s doesn't support write_phys_memory", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        return target->type->write_phys_memory(target, address, size, count, buffer);
}

int target_add_breakpoint(struct target *target,
                struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
        if ((target->state != TARGET_HALTED) && (breakpoint->type != BKPT_HARD)) {
                LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (add breakpoint)", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->add_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
}

int target_add_context_breakpoint(struct target *target,
                struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (add context breakpoint)", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->add_context_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
}

int target_add_hybrid_breakpoint(struct target *target,
                struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (add hybrid breakpoint)", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->add_hybrid_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
}

int target_remove_breakpoint(struct target *target,
                struct breakpoint *breakpoint)
{
        return target->type->remove_breakpoint(target, breakpoint);
}

int target_add_watchpoint(struct target *target,
                struct watchpoint *watchpoint)
{
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (add watchpoint)", target_name(target));
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->add_watchpoint(target, watchpoint);
}
int target_remove_watchpoint(struct target *target,
                struct watchpoint *watchpoint)
{
        return target->type->remove_watchpoint(target, watchpoint);
}
int target_hit_watchpoint(struct target *target,
                struct watchpoint **hit_watchpoint)
{
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (hit watchpoint)", target->cmd_name);
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }

        if (target->type->hit_watchpoint == NULL) {
                /* For backward compatible, if hit_watchpoint is not implemented,
                 * return ERROR_FAIL such that gdb_server will not take the nonsense
                 * information. */
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        return target->type->hit_watchpoint(target, hit_watchpoint);
}

const char *target_get_gdb_arch(struct target *target)
{
        if (target->type->get_gdb_arch == NULL)
                return NULL;
        return target->type->get_gdb_arch(target);
}

int target_get_gdb_reg_list(struct target *target,
                struct reg **reg_list[], int *reg_list_size,
                enum target_register_class reg_class)
{
        return target->type->get_gdb_reg_list(target, reg_list, reg_list_size, reg_class);
}

bool target_supports_gdb_connection(struct target *target)
{
        /*
         * based on current code, we can simply exclude all the targets that
         * don't provide get_gdb_reg_list; this could change with new targets.
         */
        return !!target->type->get_gdb_reg_list;
}

int target_step(struct target *target,
                int current, target_addr_t address, int handle_breakpoints)
{
        return target->type->step(target, current, address, handle_breakpoints);
}

int target_get_gdb_fileio_info(struct target *target, struct gdb_fileio_info *fileio_info)
{
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (gdb fileio)", target->cmd_name);
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->get_gdb_fileio_info(target, fileio_info);
}

int target_gdb_fileio_end(struct target *target, int retcode, int fileio_errno, bool ctrl_c)
{
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (gdb fileio end)", target->cmd_name);
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->gdb_fileio_end(target, retcode, fileio_errno, ctrl_c);
}

target_addr_t target_address_max(struct target *target)
{
        unsigned bits = target_address_bits(target);
        if (sizeof(target_addr_t) * 8 == bits)
                return (target_addr_t) -1;
        else
                return (((target_addr_t) 1) << bits) - 1;
}

unsigned target_address_bits(struct target *target)
{
        if (target->type->address_bits)
                return target->type->address_bits(target);
        return 32;
}

int target_profiling(struct target *target, uint32_t *samples,
                        uint32_t max_num_samples, uint32_t *num_samples, uint32_t seconds)
{
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_WARNING("target %s is not halted (profiling)", target->cmd_name);
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }
        return target->type->profiling(target, samples, max_num_samples,
                        num_samples, seconds);
}

/**
 * Reset the @c examined flag for the given target.
 * Pure paranoia -- targets are zeroed on allocation.
 */
static void target_reset_examined(struct target *target)
{
        target->examined = false;
}

static int handle_target(void *priv);

static int target_init_one(struct command_context *cmd_ctx,
                struct target *target)
{
        target_reset_examined(target);

        struct target_type *type = target->type;
        if (type->examine == NULL)
                type->examine = default_examine;

        if (type->check_reset == NULL)
                type->check_reset = default_check_reset;

        assert(type->init_target != NULL);

        int retval = type->init_target(cmd_ctx, target);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval) {
                LOG_ERROR("target '%s' init failed", target_name(target));
                return retval;
        }

        /* Sanity-check MMU support ... stub in what we must, to help
         * implement it in stages, but warn if we need to do so.
         */
        if (type->mmu) {
                if (type->virt2phys == NULL) {
                        LOG_ERROR("type '%s' is missing virt2phys", type->name);
                        type->virt2phys = identity_virt2phys;
                }
        } else {
                /* Make sure no-MMU targets all behave the same:  make no
                 * distinction between physical and virtual addresses, and
                 * ensure that virt2phys() is always an identity mapping.
                 */
                if (type->write_phys_memory || type->read_phys_memory || type->virt2phys)
                        LOG_WARNING("type '%s' has bad MMU hooks", type->name);

                type->mmu = no_mmu;
                type->write_phys_memory = type->write_memory;
                type->read_phys_memory = type->read_memory;
                type->virt2phys = identity_virt2phys;
        }

        if (target->type->read_buffer == NULL)
                target->type->read_buffer = target_read_buffer_default;

        if (target->type->write_buffer == NULL)
                target->type->write_buffer = target_write_buffer_default;

        if (target->type->get_gdb_fileio_info == NULL)
                target->type->get_gdb_fileio_info = target_get_gdb_fileio_info_default;

        if (target->type->gdb_fileio_end == NULL)
                target->type->gdb_fileio_end = target_gdb_fileio_end_default;

        if (target->type->profiling == NULL)
                target->type->profiling = target_profiling_default;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int target_init(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
        struct target *target;
        int retval;

        for (target = all_targets; target; target = target->next) {
                retval = target_init_one(cmd_ctx, target);
                if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                        return retval;
        }

        if (!all_targets)
                return ERROR_OK;

        retval = target_register_user_commands(cmd_ctx);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;

        retval = target_register_timer_callback(&handle_target,
                        polling_interval, TARGET_TIMER_TYPE_PERIODIC, cmd_ctx->interp);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_init_command)
{
        int retval;

        if (CMD_ARGC != 0)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        static bool target_initialized;
        if (target_initialized) {
                LOG_INFO("'target init' has already been called");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }
        target_initialized = true;

        retval = command_run_line(CMD_CTX, "init_targets");
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;

        retval = command_run_line(CMD_CTX, "init_target_events");
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;

        retval = command_run_line(CMD_CTX, "init_board");
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;

        LOG_DEBUG("Initializing targets...");
        return target_init(CMD_CTX);
}

int target_register_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
                enum target_event event, void *priv), void *priv)
{
        struct target_event_callback **callbacks_p = &target_event_callbacks;

        if (callback == NULL)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        if (*callbacks_p) {
                while ((*callbacks_p)->next)
                        callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
                callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
        }

        (*callbacks_p) = malloc(sizeof(struct target_event_callback));
        (*callbacks_p)->callback = callback;
        (*callbacks_p)->priv = priv;
        (*callbacks_p)->next = NULL;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_register_reset_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
                enum target_reset_mode reset_mode, void *priv), void *priv)
{
        struct target_reset_callback *entry;

        if (callback == NULL)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        entry = malloc(sizeof(struct target_reset_callback));
        if (entry == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for reset callback entry");
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        entry->callback = callback;
        entry->priv = priv;
        list_add(&entry->list, &target_reset_callback_list);


        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_register_trace_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
                size_t len, uint8_t *data, void *priv), void *priv)
{
        struct target_trace_callback *entry;

        if (callback == NULL)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        entry = malloc(sizeof(struct target_trace_callback));
        if (entry == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for trace callback entry");
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        entry->callback = callback;
        entry->priv = priv;
        list_add(&entry->list, &target_trace_callback_list);


        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_register_timer_callback(int (*callback)(void *priv),
                unsigned int time_ms, enum target_timer_type type, void *priv)
{
        struct target_timer_callback **callbacks_p = &target_timer_callbacks;

        if (callback == NULL)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        if (*callbacks_p) {
                while ((*callbacks_p)->next)
                        callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
                callbacks_p = &((*callbacks_p)->next);
        }

        (*callbacks_p) = malloc(sizeof(struct target_timer_callback));
        (*callbacks_p)->callback = callback;
        (*callbacks_p)->type = type;
        (*callbacks_p)->time_ms = time_ms;
        (*callbacks_p)->removed = false;

        gettimeofday(&(*callbacks_p)->when, NULL);
        timeval_add_time(&(*callbacks_p)->when, 0, time_ms * 1000);

        (*callbacks_p)->priv = priv;
        (*callbacks_p)->next = NULL;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_unregister_event_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
                enum target_event event, void *priv), void *priv)
{
        struct target_event_callback **p = &target_event_callbacks;
        struct target_event_callback *c = target_event_callbacks;

        if (callback == NULL)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        while (c) {
                struct target_event_callback *next = c->next;
                if ((c->callback == callback) && (c->priv == priv)) {
                        *p = next;
                        free(c);
                        return ERROR_OK;
                } else
                        p = &(c->next);
                c = next;
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_unregister_reset_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
                enum target_reset_mode reset_mode, void *priv), void *priv)
{
        struct target_reset_callback *entry;

        if (callback == NULL)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        list_for_each_entry(entry, &target_reset_callback_list, list) {
                if (entry->callback == callback && entry->priv == priv) {
                        list_del(&entry->list);
                        free(entry);
                        break;
                }
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_unregister_trace_callback(int (*callback)(struct target *target,
                size_t len, uint8_t *data, void *priv), void *priv)
{
        struct target_trace_callback *entry;

        if (callback == NULL)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        list_for_each_entry(entry, &target_trace_callback_list, list) {
                if (entry->callback == callback && entry->priv == priv) {
                        list_del(&entry->list);
                        free(entry);
                        break;
                }
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_unregister_timer_callback(int (*callback)(void *priv), void *priv)
{
        if (callback == NULL)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        for (struct target_timer_callback *c = target_timer_callbacks;
             c; c = c->next) {
                if ((c->callback == callback) && (c->priv == priv)) {
                        c->removed = true;
                        return ERROR_OK;
                }
        }

        return ERROR_FAIL;
}

int target_call_event_callbacks(struct target *target, enum target_event event)
{
        struct target_event_callback *callback = target_event_callbacks;
        struct target_event_callback *next_callback;

        if (event == TARGET_EVENT_HALTED) {
                /* execute early halted first */
                target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("target event %i (%s)", event,
                        Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, event)->name);

        target_handle_event(target, event);

        while (callback) {
                next_callback = callback->next;
                callback->callback(target, event, callback->priv);
                callback = next_callback;
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_call_reset_callbacks(struct target *target, enum target_reset_mode reset_mode)
{
        struct target_reset_callback *callback;

        LOG_DEBUG("target reset %i (%s)", reset_mode,
                        Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_reset_modes, reset_mode)->name);

        list_for_each_entry(callback, &target_reset_callback_list, list)
                callback->callback(target, reset_mode, callback->priv);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_call_trace_callbacks(struct target *target, size_t len, uint8_t *data)
{
        struct target_trace_callback *callback;

        list_for_each_entry(callback, &target_trace_callback_list, list)
                callback->callback(target, len, data, callback->priv);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int target_timer_callback_periodic_restart(
                struct target_timer_callback *cb, struct timeval *now)
{
        cb->when = *now;
        timeval_add_time(&cb->when, 0, cb->time_ms * 1000L);
        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int target_call_timer_callback(struct target_timer_callback *cb,
                struct timeval *now)
{
        cb->callback(cb->priv);

        if (cb->type == TARGET_TIMER_TYPE_PERIODIC)
                return target_timer_callback_periodic_restart(cb, now);

        return target_unregister_timer_callback(cb->callback, cb->priv);
}

static int target_call_timer_callbacks_check_time(int checktime)
{
        static bool callback_processing;

        /* Do not allow nesting */
        if (callback_processing)
                return ERROR_OK;

        callback_processing = true;

        keep_alive();

        struct timeval now;
        gettimeofday(&now, NULL);

        /* Store an address of the place containing a pointer to the
         * next item; initially, that's a standalone "root of the
         * list" variable. */
        struct target_timer_callback **callback = &target_timer_callbacks;
        while (*callback) {
                if ((*callback)->removed) {
                        struct target_timer_callback *p = *callback;
                        *callback = (*callback)->next;
                        free(p);
                        continue;
                }

                bool call_it = (*callback)->callback &&
                        ((!checktime && (*callback)->type == TARGET_TIMER_TYPE_PERIODIC) ||
                         timeval_compare(&now, &(*callback)->when) >= 0);

                if (call_it)
                        target_call_timer_callback(*callback, &now);

                callback = &(*callback)->next;
        }

        callback_processing = false;
        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_call_timer_callbacks(void)
{
        return target_call_timer_callbacks_check_time(1);
}

/* invoke periodic callbacks immediately */
int target_call_timer_callbacks_now(void)
{
        return target_call_timer_callbacks_check_time(0);
}

/* Prints the working area layout for debug purposes */
static void print_wa_layout(struct target *target)
{
        struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;

        while (c) {
                LOG_DEBUG("%c%c " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "-" TARGET_ADDR_FMT " (%" PRIu32 " bytes)",
                        c->backup ? 'b' : ' ', c->free ? ' ' : '*',
                        c->address, c->address + c->size - 1, c->size);
                c = c->next;
        }
}

/* Reduce area to size bytes, create a new free area from the remaining bytes, if any. */
static void target_split_working_area(struct working_area *area, uint32_t size)
{
        assert(area->free); /* Shouldn't split an allocated area */
        assert(size <= area->size); /* Caller should guarantee this */

        /* Split only if not already the right size */
        if (size < area->size) {
                struct working_area *new_wa = malloc(sizeof(*new_wa));

                if (new_wa == NULL)
                        return;

                new_wa->next = area->next;
                new_wa->size = area->size - size;
                new_wa->address = area->address + size;
                new_wa->backup = NULL;
                new_wa->user = NULL;
                new_wa->free = true;

                area->next = new_wa;
                area->size = size;

                /* If backup memory was allocated to this area, it has the wrong size
                 * now so free it and it will be reallocated if/when needed */
                if (area->backup) {
                        free(area->backup);
                        area->backup = NULL;
                }
        }
}

/* Merge all adjacent free areas into one */
static void target_merge_working_areas(struct target *target)
{
        struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;

        while (c && c->next) {
                assert(c->next->address == c->address + c->size); /* This is an invariant */

                /* Find two adjacent free areas */
                if (c->free && c->next->free) {
                        /* Merge the last into the first */
                        c->size += c->next->size;

                        /* Remove the last */
                        struct working_area *to_be_freed = c->next;
                        c->next = c->next->next;
                        if (to_be_freed->backup)
                                free(to_be_freed->backup);
                        free(to_be_freed);

                        /* If backup memory was allocated to the remaining area, it's has
                         * the wrong size now */
                        if (c->backup) {
                                free(c->backup);
                                c->backup = NULL;
                        }
                } else {
                        c = c->next;
                }
        }
}

int target_alloc_working_area_try(struct target *target, uint32_t size, struct working_area **area)
{
        /* Reevaluate working area address based on MMU state*/
        if (target->working_areas == NULL) {
                int retval;
                int enabled;

                retval = target->type->mmu(target, &enabled);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;

                if (!enabled) {
                        if (target->working_area_phys_spec) {
                                LOG_DEBUG("MMU disabled, using physical "
                                        "address for working memory " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                                        target->working_area_phys);
                                target->working_area = target->working_area_phys;
                        } else {
                                LOG_ERROR("No working memory available. "
                                        "Specify -work-area-phys to target.");
                                return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
                        }
                } else {
                        if (target->working_area_virt_spec) {
                                LOG_DEBUG("MMU enabled, using virtual "
                                        "address for working memory " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                                        target->working_area_virt);
                                target->working_area = target->working_area_virt;
                        } else {
                                LOG_ERROR("No working memory available. "
                                        "Specify -work-area-virt to target.");
                                return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
                        }
                }

                /* Set up initial working area on first call */
                struct working_area *new_wa = malloc(sizeof(*new_wa));
                if (new_wa) {
                        new_wa->next = NULL;
                        new_wa->size = target->working_area_size & ~3UL; /* 4-byte align */
                        new_wa->address = target->working_area;
                        new_wa->backup = NULL;
                        new_wa->user = NULL;
                        new_wa->free = true;
                }

                target->working_areas = new_wa;
        }

        /* only allocate multiples of 4 byte */
        if (size % 4)
                size = (size + 3) & (~3UL);

        struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;

        /* Find the first large enough working area */
        while (c) {
                if (c->free && c->size >= size)
                        break;
                c = c->next;
        }

        if (c == NULL)
                return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;

        /* Split the working area into the requested size */
        target_split_working_area(c, size);

        LOG_DEBUG("allocated new working area of %" PRIu32 " bytes at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                          size, c->address);

        if (target->backup_working_area) {
                if (c->backup == NULL) {
                        c->backup = malloc(c->size);
                        if (c->backup == NULL)
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
                }

                int retval = target_read_memory(target, c->address, 4, c->size / 4, c->backup);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
        }

        /* mark as used, and return the new (reused) area */
        c->free = false;
        *area = c;

        /* user pointer */
        c->user = area;

        print_wa_layout(target);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_alloc_working_area(struct target *target, uint32_t size, struct working_area **area)
{
        int retval;

        retval = target_alloc_working_area_try(target, size, area);
        if (retval == ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
                LOG_WARNING("not enough working area available(requested %"PRIu32")", size);
        return retval;

}

static int target_restore_working_area(struct target *target, struct working_area *area)
{
        int retval = ERROR_OK;

        if (target->backup_working_area && area->backup != NULL) {
                retval = target_write_memory(target, area->address, 4, area->size / 4, area->backup);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        LOG_ERROR("failed to restore %" PRIu32 " bytes of working area at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                                        area->size, area->address);
        }

        return retval;
}

/* Restore the area's backup memory, if any, and return the area to the allocation pool */
static int target_free_working_area_restore(struct target *target, struct working_area *area, int restore)
{
        int retval = ERROR_OK;

        if (area->free)
                return retval;

        if (restore) {
                retval = target_restore_working_area(target, area);
                /* REVISIT: Perhaps the area should be freed even if restoring fails. */
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
        }

        area->free = true;

        LOG_DEBUG("freed %" PRIu32 " bytes of working area at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                        area->size, area->address);

        /* mark user pointer invalid */
        /* TODO: Is this really safe? It points to some previous caller's memory.
         * How could we know that the area pointer is still in that place and not
         * some other vital data? What's the purpose of this, anyway? */
        *area->user = NULL;
        area->user = NULL;

        target_merge_working_areas(target);

        print_wa_layout(target);

        return retval;
}

int target_free_working_area(struct target *target, struct working_area *area)
{
        return target_free_working_area_restore(target, area, 1);
}

/* free resources and restore memory, if restoring memory fails,
 * free up resources anyway
 */
static void target_free_all_working_areas_restore(struct target *target, int restore)
{
        struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;

        LOG_DEBUG("freeing all working areas");

        /* Loop through all areas, restoring the allocated ones and marking them as free */
        while (c) {
                if (!c->free) {
                        if (restore)
                                target_restore_working_area(target, c);
                        c->free = true;
                        *c->user = NULL; /* Same as above */
                        c->user = NULL;
                }
                c = c->next;
        }

        /* Run a merge pass to combine all areas into one */
        target_merge_working_areas(target);

        print_wa_layout(target);
}

void target_free_all_working_areas(struct target *target)
{
        target_free_all_working_areas_restore(target, 1);

        /* Now we have none or only one working area marked as free */
        if (target->working_areas) {
                /* Free the last one to allow on-the-fly moving and resizing */
                free(target->working_areas->backup);
                free(target->working_areas);
                target->working_areas = NULL;
        }
}

/* Find the largest number of bytes that can be allocated */
uint32_t target_get_working_area_avail(struct target *target)
{
        struct working_area *c = target->working_areas;
        uint32_t max_size = 0;

        if (c == NULL)
                return target->working_area_size;

        while (c) {
                if (c->free && max_size < c->size)
                        max_size = c->size;

                c = c->next;
        }

        return max_size;
}

static void target_destroy(struct target *target)
{
        if (target->type->deinit_target)
                target->type->deinit_target(target);

        if (target->semihosting)
                free(target->semihosting);

        jtag_unregister_event_callback(jtag_enable_callback, target);

        struct target_event_action *teap = target->event_action;
        while (teap) {
                struct target_event_action *next = teap->next;
                Jim_DecrRefCount(teap->interp, teap->body);
                free(teap);
                teap = next;
        }

        target_free_all_working_areas(target);

        /* release the targets SMP list */
        if (target->smp) {
                struct target_list *head = target->head;
                while (head != NULL) {
                        struct target_list *pos = head->next;
                        head->target->smp = 0;
                        free(head);
                        head = pos;
                }
                target->smp = 0;
        }

        free(target->gdb_port_override);
        free(target->type);
        free(target->trace_info);
        free(target->fileio_info);
        free(target->cmd_name);
        free(target);
}

void target_quit(void)
{
        struct target_event_callback *pe = target_event_callbacks;
        while (pe) {
                struct target_event_callback *t = pe->next;
                free(pe);
                pe = t;
        }
        target_event_callbacks = NULL;

        struct target_timer_callback *pt = target_timer_callbacks;
        while (pt) {
                struct target_timer_callback *t = pt->next;
                free(pt);
                pt = t;
        }
        target_timer_callbacks = NULL;

        for (struct target *target = all_targets; target;) {
                struct target *tmp;

                tmp = target->next;
                target_destroy(target);
                target = tmp;
        }

        all_targets = NULL;
}

int target_arch_state(struct target *target)
{
        int retval;
        if (target == NULL) {
                LOG_WARNING("No target has been configured");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
                return ERROR_OK;

        retval = target->type->arch_state(target);
        return retval;
}

static int target_get_gdb_fileio_info_default(struct target *target,
                struct gdb_fileio_info *fileio_info)
{
        /* If target does not support semi-hosting function, target
           has no need to provide .get_gdb_fileio_info callback.
           It just return ERROR_FAIL and gdb_server will return "Txx"
           as target halted every time.  */
        return ERROR_FAIL;
}

static int target_gdb_fileio_end_default(struct target *target,
                int retcode, int fileio_errno, bool ctrl_c)
{
        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int target_profiling_default(struct target *target, uint32_t *samples,
                uint32_t max_num_samples, uint32_t *num_samples, uint32_t seconds)
{
        struct timeval timeout, now;

        gettimeofday(&timeout, NULL);
        timeval_add_time(&timeout, seconds, 0);

        LOG_INFO("Starting profiling. Halting and resuming the"
                        " target as often as we can...");

        uint32_t sample_count = 0;
        /* hopefully it is safe to cache! We want to stop/restart as quickly as possible. */
        struct reg *reg = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, "pc", 1);

        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        for (;;) {
                target_poll(target);
                if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED) {
                        uint32_t t = buf_get_u32(reg->value, 0, 32);
                        samples[sample_count++] = t;
                        /* current pc, addr = 0, do not handle breakpoints, not debugging */
                        retval = target_resume(target, 1, 0, 0, 0);
                        target_poll(target);
                        alive_sleep(10); /* sleep 10ms, i.e. <100 samples/second. */
                } else if (target->state == TARGET_RUNNING) {
                        /* We want to quickly sample the PC. */
                        retval = target_halt(target);
                } else {
                        LOG_INFO("Target not halted or running");
                        retval = ERROR_OK;
                        break;
                }

                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        break;

                gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
                if ((sample_count >= max_num_samples) || timeval_compare(&now, &timeout) >= 0) {
                        LOG_INFO("Profiling completed. %" PRIu32 " samples.", sample_count);
                        break;
                }
        }

        *num_samples = sample_count;
        return retval;
}

/* Single aligned words are guaranteed to use 16 or 32 bit access
 * mode respectively, otherwise data is handled as quickly as
 * possible
 */
int target_write_buffer(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
        LOG_DEBUG("writing buffer of %" PRIi32 " byte at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                          size, address);

        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        if (size == 0)
                return ERROR_OK;

        if ((address + size - 1) < address) {
                /* GDB can request this when e.g. PC is 0xfffffffc */
                LOG_ERROR("address + size wrapped (" TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%08" PRIx32 ")",
                                  address,
                                  size);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        return target->type->write_buffer(target, address, size, buffer);
}

static int target_write_buffer_default(struct target *target,
        target_addr_t address, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
        uint32_t size;

        /* Align up to maximum 4 bytes. The loop condition makes sure the next pass
         * will have something to do with the size we leave to it. */
        for (size = 1; size < 4 && count >= size * 2 + (address & size); size *= 2) {
                if (address & size) {
                        int retval = target_write_memory(target, address, size, 1, buffer);
                        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                                return retval;
                        address += size;
                        count -= size;
                        buffer += size;
                }
        }

        /* Write the data with as large access size as possible. */
        for (; size > 0; size /= 2) {
                uint32_t aligned = count - count % size;
                if (aligned > 0) {
                        int retval = target_write_memory(target, address, size, aligned / size, buffer);
                        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                                return retval;
                        address += aligned;
                        count -= aligned;
                        buffer += aligned;
                }
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/* Single aligned words are guaranteed to use 16 or 32 bit access
 * mode respectively, otherwise data is handled as quickly as
 * possible
 */
int target_read_buffer(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint8_t *buffer)
{
        LOG_DEBUG("reading buffer of %" PRIi32 " byte at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT,
                          size, address);

        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        if (size == 0)
                return ERROR_OK;

        if ((address + size - 1) < address) {
                /* GDB can request this when e.g. PC is 0xfffffffc */
                LOG_ERROR("address + size wrapped (" TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%08" PRIx32 ")",
                                  address,
                                  size);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        return target->type->read_buffer(target, address, size, buffer);
}

static int target_read_buffer_default(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer)
{
        uint32_t size;

        /* Align up to maximum 4 bytes. The loop condition makes sure the next pass
         * will have something to do with the size we leave to it. */
        for (size = 1; size < 4 && count >= size * 2 + (address & size); size *= 2) {
                if (address & size) {
                        int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, size, 1, buffer);
                        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                                return retval;
                        address += size;
                        count -= size;
                        buffer += size;
                }
        }

        /* Read the data with as large access size as possible. */
        for (; size > 0; size /= 2) {
                uint32_t aligned = count - count % size;
                if (aligned > 0) {
                        int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, size, aligned / size, buffer);
                        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                                return retval;
                        address += aligned;
                        count -= aligned;
                        buffer += aligned;
                }
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

int target_checksum_memory(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t* crc)
{
        uint8_t *buffer;
        int retval;
        uint32_t i;
        uint32_t checksum = 0;
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        retval = target->type->checksum_memory(target, address, size, &checksum);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                buffer = malloc(size);
                if (buffer == NULL) {
                        LOG_ERROR("error allocating buffer for section (%" PRId32 " bytes)", size);
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                }
                retval = target_read_buffer(target, address, size, buffer);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        free(buffer);
                        return retval;
                }

                /* convert to target endianness */
                for (i = 0; i < (size/sizeof(uint32_t)); i++) {
                        uint32_t target_data;
                        target_data = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &buffer[i*sizeof(uint32_t)]);
                        target_buffer_set_u32(target, &buffer[i*sizeof(uint32_t)], target_data);
                }

                retval = image_calculate_checksum(buffer, size, &checksum);
                free(buffer);
        }

        *crc = checksum;

        return retval;
}

int target_blank_check_memory(struct target *target,
        struct target_memory_check_block *blocks, int num_blocks,
        uint8_t erased_value)
{
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        if (target->type->blank_check_memory == NULL)
                return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;

        return target->type->blank_check_memory(target, blocks, num_blocks, erased_value);
}

int target_read_u64(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint64_t *value)
{
        uint8_t value_buf[8];
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 8, 1, value_buf);

        if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                *value = target_buffer_get_u64(target, value_buf);
                LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%16.16" PRIx64 "",
                                  address,
                                  *value);
        } else {
                *value = 0x0;
                LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                                  address);
        }

        return retval;
}

int target_read_u32(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t *value)
{
        uint8_t value_buf[4];
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf);

        if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                *value = target_buffer_get_u32(target, value_buf);
                LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
                                  address,
                                  *value);
        } else {
                *value = 0x0;
                LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                                  address);
        }

        return retval;
}

int target_read_u16(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint16_t *value)
{
        uint8_t value_buf[2];
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf);

        if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                *value = target_buffer_get_u16(target, value_buf);
                LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%4.4" PRIx16,
                                  address,
                                  *value);
        } else {
                *value = 0x0;
                LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                                  address);
        }

        return retval;
}

int target_read_u8(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint8_t *value)
{
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        int retval = target_read_memory(target, address, 1, 1, value);

        if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%2.2" PRIx8,
                                  address,
                                  *value);
        } else {
                *value = 0x0;
                LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " failed",
                                  address);
        }

        return retval;
}

int target_write_u64(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint64_t value)
{
        int retval;
        uint8_t value_buf[8];
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%16.16" PRIx64 "",
                          address,
                          value);

        target_buffer_set_u64(target, value_buf, value);
        retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 8, 1, value_buf);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);

        return retval;
}

int target_write_u32(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t value)
{
        int retval;
        uint8_t value_buf[4];
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
                          address,
                          value);

        target_buffer_set_u32(target, value_buf, value);
        retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);

        return retval;
}

int target_write_u16(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint16_t value)
{
        int retval;
        uint8_t value_buf[2];
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx16,
                          address,
                          value);

        target_buffer_set_u16(target, value_buf, value);
        retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);

        return retval;
}

int target_write_u8(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint8_t value)
{
        int retval;
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%2.2" PRIx8,
                          address, value);

        retval = target_write_memory(target, address, 1, 1, &value);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);

        return retval;
}

int target_write_phys_u64(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint64_t value)
{
        int retval;
        uint8_t value_buf[8];
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%16.16" PRIx64 "",
                          address,
                          value);

        target_buffer_set_u64(target, value_buf, value);
        retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 8, 1, value_buf);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);

        return retval;
}

int target_write_phys_u32(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint32_t value)
{
        int retval;
        uint8_t value_buf[4];
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
                          address,
                          value);

        target_buffer_set_u32(target, value_buf, value);
        retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 4, 1, value_buf);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);

        return retval;
}

int target_write_phys_u16(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint16_t value)
{
        int retval;
        uint8_t value_buf[2];
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%8.8" PRIx16,
                          address,
                          value);

        target_buffer_set_u16(target, value_buf, value);
        retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 2, 1, value_buf);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);

        return retval;
}

int target_write_phys_u8(struct target *target, target_addr_t address, uint8_t value)
{
        int retval;
        if (!target_was_examined(target)) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not examined yet");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", value: 0x%2.2" PRIx8,
                          address, value);

        retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, address, 1, 1, &value);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_DEBUG("failed: %i", retval);

        return retval;
}

static int find_target(struct command_invocation *cmd, const char *name)
{
        struct target *target = get_target(name);
        if (target == NULL) {
                command_print(cmd, "Target: %s is unknown, try one of:\n", name);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        if (!target->tap->enabled) {
                command_print(cmd, "Target: TAP %s is disabled, "
                         "can't be the current target\n",
                         target->tap->dotted_name);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        cmd->ctx->current_target = target;
        if (cmd->ctx->current_target_override)
                cmd->ctx->current_target_override = target;

        return ERROR_OK;
}


COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_targets_command)
{
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                retval = find_target(CMD, CMD_ARGV[0]);
                if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                        /* we're done! */
                        return retval;
                }
        }

        struct target *target = all_targets;
        command_print(CMD, "    TargetName         Type       Endian TapName            State       ");
        command_print(CMD, "--  ------------------ ---------- ------ ------------------ ------------");
        while (target) {
                const char *state;
                char marker = ' ';

                if (target->tap->enabled)
                        state = target_state_name(target);
                else
                        state = "tap-disabled";

                if (CMD_CTX->current_target == target)
                        marker = '*';

                /* keep columns lined up to match the headers above */
                command_print(CMD,
                                "%2d%c %-18s %-10s %-6s %-18s %s",
                                target->target_number,
                                marker,
                                target_name(target),
                                target_type_name(target),
                                Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_endian,
                                        target->endianness)->name,
                                target->tap->dotted_name,
                                state);
                target = target->next;
        }

        return retval;
}

/* every 300ms we check for reset & powerdropout and issue a "reset halt" if so. */

static int powerDropout;
static int srstAsserted;

static int runPowerRestore;
static int runPowerDropout;
static int runSrstAsserted;
static int runSrstDeasserted;

static int sense_handler(void)
{
        static int prevSrstAsserted;
        static int prevPowerdropout;

        int retval = jtag_power_dropout(&powerDropout);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        int powerRestored;
        powerRestored = prevPowerdropout && !powerDropout;
        if (powerRestored)
                runPowerRestore = 1;

        int64_t current = timeval_ms();
        static int64_t lastPower;
        bool waitMore = lastPower + 2000 > current;
        if (powerDropout && !waitMore) {
                runPowerDropout = 1;
                lastPower = current;
        }

        retval = jtag_srst_asserted(&srstAsserted);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        int srstDeasserted;
        srstDeasserted = prevSrstAsserted && !srstAsserted;

        static int64_t lastSrst;
        waitMore = lastSrst + 2000 > current;
        if (srstDeasserted && !waitMore) {
                runSrstDeasserted = 1;
                lastSrst = current;
        }

        if (!prevSrstAsserted && srstAsserted)
                runSrstAsserted = 1;

        prevSrstAsserted = srstAsserted;
        prevPowerdropout = powerDropout;

        if (srstDeasserted || powerRestored) {
                /* Other than logging the event we can't do anything here.
                 * Issuing a reset is a particularly bad idea as we might
                 * be inside a reset already.
                 */
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/* process target state changes */
static int handle_target(void *priv)
{
        Jim_Interp *interp = (Jim_Interp *)priv;
        int retval = ERROR_OK;

        if (!is_jtag_poll_safe()) {
                /* polling is disabled currently */
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        /* we do not want to recurse here... */
        static int recursive;
        if (!recursive) {
                recursive = 1;
                sense_handler();
                /* danger! running these procedures can trigger srst assertions and power dropouts.
                 * We need to avoid an infinite loop/recursion here and we do that by
                 * clearing the flags after running these events.
                 */
                int did_something = 0;
                if (runSrstAsserted) {
                        LOG_INFO("srst asserted detected, running srst_asserted proc.");
                        Jim_Eval(interp, "srst_asserted");
                        did_something = 1;
                }
                if (runSrstDeasserted) {
                        Jim_Eval(interp, "srst_deasserted");
                        did_something = 1;
                }
                if (runPowerDropout) {
                        LOG_INFO("Power dropout detected, running power_dropout proc.");
                        Jim_Eval(interp, "power_dropout");
                        did_something = 1;
                }
                if (runPowerRestore) {
                        Jim_Eval(interp, "power_restore");
                        did_something = 1;
                }

                if (did_something) {
                        /* clear detect flags */
                        sense_handler();
                }

                /* clear action flags */

                runSrstAsserted = 0;
                runSrstDeasserted = 0;
                runPowerRestore = 0;
                runPowerDropout = 0;

                recursive = 0;
        }

        /* Poll targets for state changes unless that's globally disabled.
         * Skip targets that are currently disabled.
         */
        for (struct target *target = all_targets;
                        is_jtag_poll_safe() && target;
                        target = target->next) {

                if (!target_was_examined(target))
                        continue;

                if (!target->tap->enabled)
                        continue;

                if (target->backoff.times > target->backoff.count) {
                        /* do not poll this time as we failed previously */
                        target->backoff.count++;
                        continue;
                }
                target->backoff.count = 0;

                /* only poll target if we've got power and srst isn't asserted */
                if (!powerDropout && !srstAsserted) {
                        /* polling may fail silently until the target has been examined */
                        retval = target_poll(target);
                        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                /* 100ms polling interval. Increase interval between polling up to 5000ms */
                                if (target->backoff.times * polling_interval < 5000) {
                                        target->backoff.times *= 2;
                                        target->backoff.times++;
                                }

                                /* Tell GDB to halt the debugger. This allows the user to
                                 * run monitor commands to handle the situation.
                                 */
                                target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT);
                        }
                        if (target->backoff.times > 0) {
                                LOG_USER("Polling target %s failed, trying to reexamine", target_name(target));
                                target_reset_examined(target);
                                retval = target_examine_one(target);
                                /* Target examination could have failed due to unstable connection,
                                 * but we set the examined flag anyway to repoll it later */
                                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                        target->examined = true;
                                        LOG_USER("Examination failed, GDB will be halted. Polling again in %dms",
                                                 target->backoff.times * polling_interval);
                                        return retval;
                                }
                        }

                        /* Since we succeeded, we reset backoff count */
                        target->backoff.times = 0;
                }
        }

        return retval;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reg_command)
{
        struct target *target;
        struct reg *reg = NULL;
        unsigned count = 0;
        char *value;

        LOG_DEBUG("-");

        target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        /* list all available registers for the current target */
        if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
                struct reg_cache *cache = target->reg_cache;

                count = 0;
                while (cache) {
                        unsigned i;

                        command_print(CMD, "===== %s", cache->name);

                        for (i = 0, reg = cache->reg_list;
                                        i < cache->num_regs;
                                        i++, reg++, count++) {
                                if (reg->exist == false)
                                        continue;
                                /* only print cached values if they are valid */
                                if (reg->valid) {
                                        value = buf_to_str(reg->value,
                                                        reg->size, 16);
                                        command_print(CMD,
                                                        "(%i) %s (/%" PRIu32 "): 0x%s%s",
                                                        count, reg->name,
                                                        reg->size, value,
                                                        reg->dirty
                                                                ? " (dirty)"
                                                                : "");
                                        free(value);
                                } else {
                                        command_print(CMD, "(%i) %s (/%" PRIu32 ")",
                                                          count, reg->name,
                                                          reg->size) ;
                                }
                        }
                        cache = cache->next;
                }

                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        /* access a single register by its ordinal number */
        if ((CMD_ARGV[0][0] >= '0') && (CMD_ARGV[0][0] <= '9')) {
                unsigned num;
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], num);

                struct reg_cache *cache = target->reg_cache;
                count = 0;
                while (cache) {
                        unsigned i;
                        for (i = 0; i < cache->num_regs; i++) {
                                if (count++ == num) {
                                        reg = &cache->reg_list[i];
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        if (reg)
                                break;
                        cache = cache->next;
                }

                if (!reg) {
                        command_print(CMD, "%i is out of bounds, the current target "
                                        "has only %i registers (0 - %i)", num, count, count - 1);
                        return ERROR_OK;
                }
        } else {
                /* access a single register by its name */
                reg = register_get_by_name(target->reg_cache, CMD_ARGV[0], 1);

                if (!reg)
                        goto not_found;
        }

        assert(reg != NULL); /* give clang a hint that we *know* reg is != NULL here */

        if (!reg->exist)
                goto not_found;

        /* display a register */
        if ((CMD_ARGC == 1) || ((CMD_ARGC == 2) && !((CMD_ARGV[1][0] >= '0')
                        && (CMD_ARGV[1][0] <= '9')))) {
                if ((CMD_ARGC == 2) && (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[1], "force") == 0))
                        reg->valid = 0;

                if (reg->valid == 0)
                        reg->type->get(reg);
                value = buf_to_str(reg->value, reg->size, 16);
                command_print(CMD, "%s (/%i): 0x%s", reg->name, (int)(reg->size), value);
                free(value);
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        /* set register value */
        if (CMD_ARGC == 2) {
                uint8_t *buf = malloc(DIV_ROUND_UP(reg->size, 8));
                if (buf == NULL)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                str_to_buf(CMD_ARGV[1], strlen(CMD_ARGV[1]), buf, reg->size, 0);

                reg->type->set(reg, buf);

                value = buf_to_str(reg->value, reg->size, 16);
                command_print(CMD, "%s (/%i): 0x%s", reg->name, (int)(reg->size), value);
                free(value);

                free(buf);

                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

not_found:
        command_print(CMD, "register %s not found in current target", CMD_ARGV[0]);
        return ERROR_OK;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_poll_command)
{
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
                command_print(CMD, "background polling: %s",
                                jtag_poll_get_enabled() ? "on" : "off");
                command_print(CMD, "TAP: %s (%s)",
                                target->tap->dotted_name,
                                target->tap->enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled");
                if (!target->tap->enabled)
                        return ERROR_OK;
                retval = target_poll(target);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
                retval = target_arch_state(target);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
        } else if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                bool enable;
                COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV[0], enable);
                jtag_poll_set_enabled(enable);
        } else
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        return retval;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wait_halt_command)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        unsigned ms = DEFAULT_HALT_TIMEOUT;
        if (1 == CMD_ARGC) {
                int retval = parse_uint(CMD_ARGV[0], &ms);
                if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        return target_wait_state(target, TARGET_HALTED, ms);
}

/* wait for target state to change. The trick here is to have a low
 * latency for short waits and not to suck up all the CPU time
 * on longer waits.
 *
 * After 500ms, keep_alive() is invoked
 */
int target_wait_state(struct target *target, enum target_state state, int ms)
{
        int retval;
        int64_t then = 0, cur;
        bool once = true;

        for (;;) {
                retval = target_poll(target);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
                if (target->state == state)
                        break;
                cur = timeval_ms();
                if (once) {
                        once = false;
                        then = timeval_ms();
                        LOG_DEBUG("waiting for target %s...",
                                Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_state, state)->name);
                }

                if (cur-then > 500)
                        keep_alive();

                if ((cur-then) > ms) {
                        LOG_ERROR("timed out while waiting for target %s",
                                Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_state, state)->name);
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_halt_command)
{
        LOG_DEBUG("-");

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        target->verbose_halt_msg = true;

        int retval = target_halt(target);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;

        if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                unsigned wait_local;
                retval = parse_uint(CMD_ARGV[0], &wait_local);
                if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                if (!wait_local)
                        return ERROR_OK;
        }

        return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wait_halt_command);
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_soft_reset_halt_command)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        LOG_USER("requesting target halt and executing a soft reset");

        target_soft_reset_halt(target);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_reset_command)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        enum target_reset_mode reset_mode = RESET_RUN;
        if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                const Jim_Nvp *n;
                n = Jim_Nvp_name2value_simple(nvp_reset_modes, CMD_ARGV[0]);
                if ((n->name == NULL) || (n->value == RESET_UNKNOWN))
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                reset_mode = n->value;
        }

        /* reset *all* targets */
        return target_process_reset(CMD, reset_mode);
}


COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_resume_command)
{
        int current = 1;
        if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        /* with no CMD_ARGV, resume from current pc, addr = 0,
         * with one arguments, addr = CMD_ARGV[0],
         * handle breakpoints, not debugging */
        target_addr_t addr = 0;
        if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                current = 0;
        }

        return target_resume(target, current, addr, 1, 0);
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_step_command)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        LOG_DEBUG("-");

        /* with no CMD_ARGV, step from current pc, addr = 0,
         * with one argument addr = CMD_ARGV[0],
         * handle breakpoints, debugging */
        target_addr_t addr = 0;
        int current_pc = 1;
        if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                current_pc = 0;
        }

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        return target->type->step(target, current_pc, addr, 1);
}

void target_handle_md_output(struct command_invocation *cmd,
                struct target *target, target_addr_t address, unsigned size,
                unsigned count, const uint8_t *buffer)
{
        const unsigned line_bytecnt = 32;
        unsigned line_modulo = line_bytecnt / size;

        char output[line_bytecnt * 4 + 1];
        unsigned output_len = 0;

        const char *value_fmt;
        switch (size) {
        case 8:
                value_fmt = "%16.16"PRIx64" ";
                break;
        case 4:
                value_fmt = "%8.8"PRIx64" ";
                break;
        case 2:
                value_fmt = "%4.4"PRIx64" ";
                break;
        case 1:
                value_fmt = "%2.2"PRIx64" ";
                break;
        default:
                /* "can't happen", caller checked */
                LOG_ERROR("invalid memory read size: %u", size);
                return;
        }

        for (unsigned i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                if (i % line_modulo == 0) {
                        output_len += snprintf(output + output_len,
                                        sizeof(output) - output_len,
                                        TARGET_ADDR_FMT ": ",
                                        (address + (i * size)));
                }

                uint64_t value = 0;
                const uint8_t *value_ptr = buffer + i * size;
                switch (size) {
                case 8:
                        value = target_buffer_get_u64(target, value_ptr);
                        break;
                case 4:
                        value = target_buffer_get_u32(target, value_ptr);
                        break;
                case 2:
                        value = target_buffer_get_u16(target, value_ptr);
                        break;
                case 1:
                        value = *value_ptr;
                }
                output_len += snprintf(output + output_len,
                                sizeof(output) - output_len,
                                value_fmt, value);

                if ((i % line_modulo == line_modulo - 1) || (i == count - 1)) {
                        command_print(cmd, "%s", output);
                        output_len = 0;
                }
        }
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_md_command)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        unsigned size = 0;
        switch (CMD_NAME[2]) {
        case 'd':
                size = 8;
                break;
        case 'w':
                size = 4;
                break;
        case 'h':
                size = 2;
                break;
        case 'b':
                size = 1;
                break;
        default:
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        bool physical = strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "phys") == 0;
        int (*fn)(struct target *target,
                        target_addr_t address, uint32_t size_value, uint32_t count, uint8_t *buffer);
        if (physical) {
                CMD_ARGC--;
                CMD_ARGV++;
                fn = target_read_phys_memory;
        } else
                fn = target_read_memory;
        if ((CMD_ARGC < 1) || (CMD_ARGC > 2))
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        target_addr_t address;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], address);

        unsigned count = 1;
        if (CMD_ARGC == 2)
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], count);

        uint8_t *buffer = calloc(count, size);
        if (buffer == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("Failed to allocate md read buffer");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        int retval = fn(target, address, size, count, buffer);
        if (ERROR_OK == retval)
                target_handle_md_output(CMD, target, address, size, count, buffer);

        free(buffer);

        return retval;
}

typedef int (*target_write_fn)(struct target *target,
                target_addr_t address, uint32_t size, uint32_t count, const uint8_t *buffer);

static int target_fill_mem(struct target *target,
                target_addr_t address,
                target_write_fn fn,
                unsigned data_size,
                /* value */
                uint64_t b,
                /* count */
                unsigned c)
{
        /* We have to write in reasonably large chunks to be able
         * to fill large memory areas with any sane speed */
        const unsigned chunk_size = 16384;
        uint8_t *target_buf = malloc(chunk_size * data_size);
        if (target_buf == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("Out of memory");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        for (unsigned i = 0; i < chunk_size; i++) {
                switch (data_size) {
                case 8:
                        target_buffer_set_u64(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
                        break;
                case 4:
                        target_buffer_set_u32(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
                        break;
                case 2:
                        target_buffer_set_u16(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
                        break;
                case 1:
                        target_buffer_set_u8(target, target_buf + i * data_size, b);
                        break;
                default:
                        exit(-1);
                }
        }

        int retval = ERROR_OK;

        for (unsigned x = 0; x < c; x += chunk_size) {
                unsigned current;
                current = c - x;
                if (current > chunk_size)
                        current = chunk_size;
                retval = fn(target, address + x * data_size, data_size, current, target_buf);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        break;
                /* avoid GDB timeouts */
                keep_alive();
        }
        free(target_buf);

        return retval;
}


COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_mw_command)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC < 2)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        bool physical = strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "phys") == 0;
        target_write_fn fn;
        if (physical) {
                CMD_ARGC--;
                CMD_ARGV++;
                fn = target_write_phys_memory;
        } else
                fn = target_write_memory;
        if ((CMD_ARGC < 2) || (CMD_ARGC > 3))
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        target_addr_t address;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], address);

        target_addr_t value;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], value);

        unsigned count = 1;
        if (CMD_ARGC == 3)
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[2], count);

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        unsigned wordsize;
        switch (CMD_NAME[2]) {
                case 'd':
                        wordsize = 8;
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        wordsize = 4;
                        break;
                case 'h':
                        wordsize = 2;
                        break;
                case 'b':
                        wordsize = 1;
                        break;
                default:
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        return target_fill_mem(target, address, fn, wordsize, value, count);
}

static COMMAND_HELPER(parse_load_image_command_CMD_ARGV, struct image *image,
                target_addr_t *min_address, target_addr_t *max_address)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC < 1 || CMD_ARGC > 5)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        /* a base address isn't always necessary,
         * default to 0x0 (i.e. don't relocate) */
        if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
                target_addr_t addr;
                COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], addr);
                image->base_address = addr;
                image->base_address_set = 1;
        } else
                image->base_address_set = 0;

        image->start_address_set = 0;

        if (CMD_ARGC >= 4)
                COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[3], *min_address);
        if (CMD_ARGC == 5) {
                COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[4], *max_address);
                /* use size (given) to find max (required) */
                *max_address += *min_address;
        }

        if (*min_address > *max_address)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_load_image_command)
{
        uint8_t *buffer;
        size_t buf_cnt;
        uint32_t image_size;
        target_addr_t min_address = 0;
        target_addr_t max_address = -1;
        int i;
        struct image image;

        int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(parse_load_image_command_CMD_ARGV,
                        &image, &min_address, &max_address);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        struct duration bench;
        duration_start(&bench);

        if (image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC >= 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL) != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FAIL;

        image_size = 0x0;
        retval = ERROR_OK;
        for (i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++) {
                buffer = malloc(image.sections[i].size);
                if (buffer == NULL) {
                        command_print(CMD,
                                                  "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
                                                  (int)(image.sections[i].size));
                        retval = ERROR_FAIL;
                        break;
                }

                retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        free(buffer);
                        break;
                }

                uint32_t offset = 0;
                uint32_t length = buf_cnt;

                /* DANGER!!! beware of unsigned comparision here!!! */

                if ((image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt >= min_address) &&
                                (image.sections[i].base_address < max_address)) {

                        if (image.sections[i].base_address < min_address) {
                                /* clip addresses below */
                                offset += min_address-image.sections[i].base_address;
                                length -= offset;
                        }

                        if (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt > max_address)
                                length -= (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt)-max_address;

                        retval = target_write_buffer(target,
                                        image.sections[i].base_address + offset, length, buffer + offset);
                        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                free(buffer);
                                break;
                        }
                        image_size += length;
                        command_print(CMD, "%u bytes written at address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "",
                                        (unsigned int)length,
                                        image.sections[i].base_address + offset);
                }

                free(buffer);
        }

        if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
                command_print(CMD, "downloaded %" PRIu32 " bytes "
                                "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", image_size,
                                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, image_size));
        }

        image_close(&image);

        return retval;

}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_dump_image_command)
{
        struct fileio *fileio;
        uint8_t *buffer;
        int retval, retvaltemp;
        target_addr_t address, size;
        struct duration bench;
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        if (CMD_ARGC != 3)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], address);
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[2], size);

        uint32_t buf_size = (size > 4096) ? 4096 : size;
        buffer = malloc(buf_size);
        if (!buffer)
                return ERROR_FAIL;

        retval = fileio_open(&fileio, CMD_ARGV[0], FILEIO_WRITE, FILEIO_BINARY);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                free(buffer);
                return retval;
        }

        duration_start(&bench);

        while (size > 0) {
                size_t size_written;
                uint32_t this_run_size = (size > buf_size) ? buf_size : size;
                retval = target_read_buffer(target, address, this_run_size, buffer);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        break;

                retval = fileio_write(fileio, this_run_size, buffer, &size_written);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        break;

                size -= this_run_size;
                address += this_run_size;
        }

        free(buffer);

        if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
                size_t filesize;
                retval = fileio_size(fileio, &filesize);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        return retval;
                command_print(CMD,
                                "dumped %zu bytes in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", filesize,
                                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, filesize));
        }

        retvaltemp = fileio_close(fileio);
        if (retvaltemp != ERROR_OK)
                return retvaltemp;

        return retval;
}

enum verify_mode {
        IMAGE_TEST = 0,
        IMAGE_VERIFY = 1,
        IMAGE_CHECKSUM_ONLY = 2
};

static COMMAND_HELPER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, enum verify_mode verify)
{
        uint8_t *buffer;
        size_t buf_cnt;
        uint32_t image_size;
        int i;
        int retval;
        uint32_t checksum = 0;
        uint32_t mem_checksum = 0;

        struct image image;

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        if (CMD_ARGC < 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        if (!target) {
                LOG_ERROR("no target selected");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        struct duration bench;
        duration_start(&bench);

        if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
                target_addr_t addr;
                COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[1], addr);
                image.base_address = addr;
                image.base_address_set = 1;
        } else {
                image.base_address_set = 0;
                image.base_address = 0x0;
        }

        image.start_address_set = 0;

        retval = image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC == 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        image_size = 0x0;
        int diffs = 0;
        retval = ERROR_OK;
        for (i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++) {
                buffer = malloc(image.sections[i].size);
                if (buffer == NULL) {
                        command_print(CMD,
                                        "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
                                        (int)(image.sections[i].size));
                        break;
                }
                retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        free(buffer);
                        break;
                }

                if (verify >= IMAGE_VERIFY) {
                        /* calculate checksum of image */
                        retval = image_calculate_checksum(buffer, buf_cnt, &checksum);
                        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                free(buffer);
                                break;
                        }

                        retval = target_checksum_memory(target, image.sections[i].base_address, buf_cnt, &mem_checksum);
                        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                free(buffer);
                                break;
                        }
                        if ((checksum != mem_checksum) && (verify == IMAGE_CHECKSUM_ONLY)) {
                                LOG_ERROR("checksum mismatch");
                                free(buffer);
                                retval = ERROR_FAIL;
                                goto done;
                        }
                        if (checksum != mem_checksum) {
                                /* failed crc checksum, fall back to a binary compare */
                                uint8_t *data;

                                if (diffs == 0)
                                        LOG_ERROR("checksum mismatch - attempting binary compare");

                                data = malloc(buf_cnt);

                                /* Can we use 32bit word accesses? */
                                int size = 1;
                                int count = buf_cnt;
                                if ((count % 4) == 0) {
                                        size *= 4;
                                        count /= 4;
                                }
                                retval = target_read_memory(target, image.sections[i].base_address, size, count, data);
                                if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                                        uint32_t t;
                                        for (t = 0; t < buf_cnt; t++) {
                                                if (data[t] != buffer[t]) {
                                                        command_print(CMD,
                                                                                  "diff %d address 0x%08x. Was 0x%02x instead of 0x%02x",
                                                                                  diffs,
                                                                                  (unsigned)(t + image.sections[i].base_address),
                                                                                  data[t],
                                                                                  buffer[t]);
                                                        if (diffs++ >= 127) {
                                                                command_print(CMD, "More than 128 errors, the rest are not printed.");
                                                                free(data);
                                                                free(buffer);
                                                                goto done;
                                                        }
                                                }
                                                keep_alive();
                                        }
                                }
                                free(data);
                        }
                } else {
                        command_print(CMD, "address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT " length 0x%08zx",
                                                  image.sections[i].base_address,
                                                  buf_cnt);
                }

                free(buffer);
                image_size += buf_cnt;
        }
        if (diffs > 0)
                command_print(CMD, "No more differences found.");
done:
        if (diffs > 0)
                retval = ERROR_FAIL;
        if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
                command_print(CMD, "verified %" PRIu32 " bytes "
                                "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", image_size,
                                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, image_size));
        }

        image_close(&image);

        return retval;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_checksum_command)
{
        return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, IMAGE_CHECKSUM_ONLY);
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command)
{
        return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, IMAGE_VERIFY);
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_test_image_command)
{
        return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_verify_image_command_internal, IMAGE_TEST);
}

static int handle_bp_command_list(struct command_invocation *cmd)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(cmd->ctx);
        struct breakpoint *breakpoint = target->breakpoints;
        while (breakpoint) {
                if (breakpoint->type == BKPT_SOFT) {
                        char *buf = buf_to_str(breakpoint->orig_instr,
                                        breakpoint->length, 16);
                        command_print(cmd, "IVA breakpoint: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%x, %i, 0x%s",
                                        breakpoint->address,
                                        breakpoint->length,
                                        breakpoint->set, buf);
                        free(buf);
                } else {
                        if ((breakpoint->address == 0) && (breakpoint->asid != 0))
                                command_print(cmd, "Context breakpoint: 0x%8.8" PRIx32 ", 0x%x, %i",
                                                        breakpoint->asid,
                                                        breakpoint->length, breakpoint->set);
                        else if ((breakpoint->address != 0) && (breakpoint->asid != 0)) {
                                command_print(cmd, "Hybrid breakpoint(IVA): " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%x, %i",
                                                        breakpoint->address,
                                                        breakpoint->length, breakpoint->set);
                                command_print(cmd, "\t|--->linked with ContextID: 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
                                                        breakpoint->asid);
                        } else
                                command_print(cmd, "Breakpoint(IVA): " TARGET_ADDR_FMT ", 0x%x, %i",
                                                        breakpoint->address,
                                                        breakpoint->length, breakpoint->set);
                }

                breakpoint = breakpoint->next;
        }
        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int handle_bp_command_set(struct command_invocation *cmd,
                target_addr_t addr, uint32_t asid, uint32_t length, int hw)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(cmd->ctx);
        int retval;

        if (asid == 0) {
                retval = breakpoint_add(target, addr, length, hw);
                /* error is always logged in breakpoint_add(), do not print it again */
                if (ERROR_OK == retval)
                        command_print(cmd, "breakpoint set at " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "", addr);

        } else if (addr == 0) {
                if (target->type->add_context_breakpoint == NULL) {
                        LOG_ERROR("Context breakpoint not available");
                        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
                }
                retval = context_breakpoint_add(target, asid, length, hw);
                /* error is always logged in context_breakpoint_add(), do not print it again */
                if (ERROR_OK == retval)
                        command_print(cmd, "Context breakpoint set at 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "", asid);

        } else {
                if (target->type->add_hybrid_breakpoint == NULL) {
                        LOG_ERROR("Hybrid breakpoint not available");
                        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
                }
                retval = hybrid_breakpoint_add(target, addr, asid, length, hw);
                /* error is always logged in hybrid_breakpoint_add(), do not print it again */
                if (ERROR_OK == retval)
                        command_print(cmd, "Hybrid breakpoint set at 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "", asid);
        }
        return retval;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_bp_command)
{
        target_addr_t addr;
        uint32_t asid;
        uint32_t length;
        int hw = BKPT_SOFT;

        switch (CMD_ARGC) {
                case 0:
                        return handle_bp_command_list(CMD);

                case 2:
                        asid = 0;
                        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
                        return handle_bp_command_set(CMD, addr, asid, length, hw);

                case 3:
                        if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "hw") == 0) {
                                hw = BKPT_HARD;
                                COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
                                asid = 0;
                                return handle_bp_command_set(CMD, addr, asid, length, hw);
                        } else if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[2], "hw_ctx") == 0) {
                                hw = BKPT_HARD;
                                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], asid);
                                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
                                addr = 0;
                                return handle_bp_command_set(CMD, addr, asid, length, hw);
                        }
                        /* fallthrough */
                case 4:
                        hw = BKPT_HARD;
                        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], asid);
                        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], length);
                        return handle_bp_command_set(CMD, addr, asid, length, hw);

                default:
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_rbp_command)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        target_addr_t addr;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], addr);

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        breakpoint_remove(target, addr);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_wp_command)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        if (CMD_ARGC == 0) {
                struct watchpoint *watchpoint = target->watchpoints;

                while (watchpoint) {
                        command_print(CMD, "address: " TARGET_ADDR_FMT
                                        ", len: 0x%8.8" PRIx32
                                        ", r/w/a: %i, value: 0x%8.8" PRIx32
                                        ", mask: 0x%8.8" PRIx32,
                                        watchpoint->address,
                                        watchpoint->length,
                                        (int)watchpoint->rw,
                                        watchpoint->value,
                                        watchpoint->mask);
                        watchpoint = watchpoint->next;
                }
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        enum watchpoint_rw type = WPT_ACCESS;
        uint32_t addr = 0;
        uint32_t length = 0;
        uint32_t data_value = 0x0;
        uint32_t data_mask = 0xffffffff;

        switch (CMD_ARGC) {
        case 5:
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[4], data_mask);
                /* fall through */
        case 4:
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[3], data_value);
                /* fall through */
        case 3:
                switch (CMD_ARGV[2][0]) {
                case 'r':
                        type = WPT_READ;
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        type = WPT_WRITE;
                        break;
                case 'a':
                        type = WPT_ACCESS;
                        break;
                default:
                        LOG_ERROR("invalid watchpoint mode ('%c')", CMD_ARGV[2][0]);
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
                }
                /* fall through */
        case 2:
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[1], length);
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);
                break;

        default:
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        int retval = watchpoint_add(target, addr, length, type,
                        data_value, data_mask);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                LOG_ERROR("Failure setting watchpoints");

        return retval;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_rwp_command)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        uint32_t addr;
        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], addr);

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        watchpoint_remove(target, addr);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/**
 * Translate a virtual address to a physical address.
 *
 * The low-level target implementation must have logged a detailed error
 * which is forwarded to telnet/GDB session.
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_virt2phys_command)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        target_addr_t va;
        COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS(CMD_ARGV[0], va);
        target_addr_t pa;

        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        int retval = target->type->virt2phys(target, va, &pa);
        if (retval == ERROR_OK)
                command_print(CMD, "Physical address " TARGET_ADDR_FMT "", pa);

        return retval;
}

static void writeData(FILE *f, const void *data, size_t len)
{
        size_t written = fwrite(data, 1, len, f);
        if (written != len)
                LOG_ERROR("failed to write %zu bytes: %s", len, strerror(errno));
}

static void writeLong(FILE *f, int l, struct target *target)
{
        uint8_t val[4];

        target_buffer_set_u32(target, val, l);
        writeData(f, val, 4);
}

static void writeString(FILE *f, char *s)
{
        writeData(f, s, strlen(s));
}

typedef unsigned char UNIT[2];  /* unit of profiling */

/* Dump a gmon.out histogram file. */
static void write_gmon(uint32_t *samples, uint32_t sampleNum, const char *filename, bool with_range,
                        uint32_t start_address, uint32_t end_address, struct target *target, uint32_t duration_ms)
{
        uint32_t i;
        FILE *f = fopen(filename, "w");
        if (f == NULL)
                return;
        writeString(f, "gmon");
        writeLong(f, 0x00000001, target); /* Version */
        writeLong(f, 0, target); /* padding */
        writeLong(f, 0, target); /* padding */
        writeLong(f, 0, target); /* padding */

        uint8_t zero = 0;  /* GMON_TAG_TIME_HIST */
        writeData(f, &zero, 1);

        /* figure out bucket size */
        uint32_t min;
        uint32_t max;
        if (with_range) {
                min = start_address;
                max = end_address;
        } else {
                min = samples[0];
                max = samples[0];
                for (i = 0; i < sampleNum; i++) {
                        if (min > samples[i])
                                min = samples[i];
                        if (max < samples[i])
                                max = samples[i];
                }

                /* max should be (largest sample + 1)
                 * Refer to binutils/gprof/hist.c (find_histogram_for_pc) */
                max++;
        }

        int addressSpace = max - min;
        assert(addressSpace >= 2);

        /* FIXME: What is the reasonable number of buckets?
         * The profiling result will be more accurate if there are enough buckets. */
        static const uint32_t maxBuckets = 128 * 1024; /* maximum buckets. */
        uint32_t numBuckets = addressSpace / sizeof(UNIT);
        if (numBuckets > maxBuckets)
                numBuckets = maxBuckets;
        int *buckets = malloc(sizeof(int) * numBuckets);
        if (buckets == NULL) {
                fclose(f);
                return;
        }
        memset(buckets, 0, sizeof(int) * numBuckets);
        for (i = 0; i < sampleNum; i++) {
                uint32_t address = samples[i];

                if ((address < min) || (max <= address))
                        continue;

                long long a = address - min;
                long long b = numBuckets;
                long long c = addressSpace;
                int index_t = (a * b) / c; /* danger!!!! int32 overflows */
                buckets[index_t]++;
        }

        /* append binary memory gmon.out &profile_hist_hdr ((char*)&profile_hist_hdr + sizeof(struct gmon_hist_hdr)) */
        writeLong(f, min, target);                      /* low_pc */
        writeLong(f, max, target);                      /* high_pc */
        writeLong(f, numBuckets, target);       /* # of buckets */
        float sample_rate = sampleNum / (duration_ms / 1000.0);
        writeLong(f, sample_rate, target);
        writeString(f, "seconds");
        for (i = 0; i < (15-strlen("seconds")); i++)
                writeData(f, &zero, 1);
        writeString(f, "s");

        /*append binary memory gmon.out profile_hist_data (profile_hist_data + profile_hist_hdr.hist_size) */

        char *data = malloc(2 * numBuckets);
        if (data != NULL) {
                for (i = 0; i < numBuckets; i++) {
                        int val;
                        val = buckets[i];
                        if (val > 65535)
                                val = 65535;
                        data[i * 2] = val&0xff;
                        data[i * 2 + 1] = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
                }
                free(buckets);
                writeData(f, data, numBuckets * 2);
                free(data);
        } else
                free(buckets);

        fclose(f);
}

/* profiling samples the CPU PC as quickly as OpenOCD is able,
 * which will be used as a random sampling of PC */
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_profile_command)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        if ((CMD_ARGC != 2) && (CMD_ARGC != 4))
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        const uint32_t MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM = 10000;
        uint32_t offset;
        uint32_t num_of_samples;
        int retval = ERROR_OK;

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], offset);

        uint32_t *samples = malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM);
        if (samples == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("No memory to store samples.");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        uint64_t timestart_ms = timeval_ms();
        /**
         * Some cores let us sample the PC without the
         * annoying halt/resume step; for example, ARMv7 PCSR.
         * Provide a way to use that more efficient mechanism.
         */
        retval = target_profiling(target, samples, MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM,
                                &num_of_samples, offset);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                free(samples);
                return retval;
        }
        uint32_t duration_ms = timeval_ms() - timestart_ms;

        assert(num_of_samples <= MAX_PROFILE_SAMPLE_NUM);

        retval = target_poll(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                free(samples);
                return retval;
        }
        if (target->state == TARGET_RUNNING) {
                retval = target_halt(target);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        free(samples);
                        return retval;
                }
        }

        retval = target_poll(target);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                free(samples);
                return retval;
        }

        uint32_t start_address = 0;
        uint32_t end_address = 0;
        bool with_range = false;
        if (CMD_ARGC == 4) {
                with_range = true;
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[2], start_address);
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[3], end_address);
        }

        write_gmon(samples, num_of_samples, CMD_ARGV[1],
                   with_range, start_address, end_address, target, duration_ms);
        command_print(CMD, "Wrote %s", CMD_ARGV[1]);

        free(samples);
        return retval;
}

static int new_int_array_element(Jim_Interp *interp, const char *varname, int idx, uint32_t val)
{
        char *namebuf;
        Jim_Obj *nameObjPtr, *valObjPtr;
        int result;

        namebuf = alloc_printf("%s(%d)", varname, idx);
        if (!namebuf)
                return JIM_ERR;

        nameObjPtr = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, namebuf, -1);
        valObjPtr = Jim_NewIntObj(interp, val);
        if (!nameObjPtr || !valObjPtr) {
                free(namebuf);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        Jim_IncrRefCount(nameObjPtr);
        Jim_IncrRefCount(valObjPtr);
        result = Jim_SetVariable(interp, nameObjPtr, valObjPtr);
        Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, nameObjPtr);
        Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, valObjPtr);
        free(namebuf);
        /* printf("%s(%d) <= 0%08x\n", varname, idx, val); */
        return result;
}

static int jim_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        struct command_context *context;
        struct target *target;

        context = current_command_context(interp);
        assert(context != NULL);

        target = get_current_target(context);
        if (target == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("mem2array: no current target");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        return target_mem2array(interp, target, argc - 1, argv + 1);
}

static int target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        long l;
        uint32_t width;
        int len;
        uint32_t addr;
        uint32_t count;
        uint32_t v;
        const char *varname;
        const char *phys;
        bool is_phys;
        int  n, e, retval;
        uint32_t i;

        /* argv[1] = name of array to receive the data
         * argv[2] = desired width
         * argv[3] = memory address
         * argv[4] = count of times to read
         */

        if (argc < 4 || argc > 5) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 0, argv, "varname width addr nelems [phys]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        varname = Jim_GetString(argv[0], &len);
        /* given "foo" get space for worse case "foo(%d)" .. add 20 */

        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[1], &l);
        width = l;
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;

        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[2], &l);
        addr = l;
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[3], &l);
        len = l;
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
        is_phys = false;
        if (argc > 4) {
                phys = Jim_GetString(argv[4], &n);
                if (!strncmp(phys, "phys", n))
                        is_phys = true;
                else
                        return JIM_ERR;
        }
        switch (width) {
                case 8:
                        width = 1;
                        break;
                case 16:
                        width = 2;
                        break;
                case 32:
                        width = 4;
                        break;
                default:
                        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                        Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "Invalid width param, must be 8/16/32", NULL);
                        return JIM_ERR;
        }
        if (len == 0) {
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "mem2array: zero width read?", NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        if ((addr + (len * width)) < addr) {
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "mem2array: addr + len - wraps to zero?", NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        /* absurd transfer size? */
        if (len > 65536) {
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "mem2array: absurd > 64K item request", NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        if ((width == 1) ||
                ((width == 2) && ((addr & 1) == 0)) ||
                ((width == 4) && ((addr & 3) == 0))) {
                /* all is well */
        } else {
                char buf[100];
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                sprintf(buf, "mem2array address: 0x%08" PRIx32 " is not aligned for %" PRId32 " byte reads",
                                addr,
                                width);
                Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), buf, NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        /* Transfer loop */

        /* index counter */
        n = 0;

        size_t buffersize = 4096;
        uint8_t *buffer = malloc(buffersize);
        if (buffer == NULL)
                return JIM_ERR;

        /* assume ok */
        e = JIM_OK;
        while (len) {
                /* Slurp... in buffer size chunks */

                count = len; /* in objects.. */
                if (count > (buffersize / width))
                        count = (buffersize / width);

                if (is_phys)
                        retval = target_read_phys_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
                else
                        retval = target_read_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        /* BOO !*/
                        LOG_ERROR("mem2array: Read @ 0x%08" PRIx32 ", w=%" PRId32 ", cnt=%" PRId32 ", failed",
                                          addr,
                                          width,
                                          count);
                        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                        Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "mem2array: cannot read memory", NULL);
                        e = JIM_ERR;
                        break;
                } else {
                        v = 0; /* shut up gcc */
                        for (i = 0; i < count ; i++, n++) {
                                switch (width) {
                                        case 4:
                                                v = target_buffer_get_u32(target, &buffer[i*width]);
                                                break;
                                        case 2:
                                                v = target_buffer_get_u16(target, &buffer[i*width]);
                                                break;
                                        case 1:
                                                v = buffer[i] & 0x0ff;
                                                break;
                                }
                                new_int_array_element(interp, varname, n, v);
                        }
                        len -= count;
                        addr += count * width;
                }
        }

        free(buffer);

        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));

        return e;
}

static int get_int_array_element(Jim_Interp *interp, const char *varname, int idx, uint32_t *val)
{
        char *namebuf;
        Jim_Obj *nameObjPtr, *valObjPtr;
        int result;
        long l;

        namebuf = alloc_printf("%s(%d)", varname, idx);
        if (!namebuf)
                return JIM_ERR;

        nameObjPtr = Jim_NewStringObj(interp, namebuf, -1);
        if (!nameObjPtr) {
                free(namebuf);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        Jim_IncrRefCount(nameObjPtr);
        valObjPtr = Jim_GetVariable(interp, nameObjPtr, JIM_ERRMSG);
        Jim_DecrRefCount(interp, nameObjPtr);
        free(namebuf);
        if (valObjPtr == NULL)
                return JIM_ERR;

        result = Jim_GetLong(interp, valObjPtr, &l);
        /* printf("%s(%d) => 0%08x\n", varname, idx, val); */
        *val = l;
        return result;
}

static int jim_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        struct command_context *context;
        struct target *target;

        context = current_command_context(interp);
        assert(context != NULL);

        target = get_current_target(context);
        if (target == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("array2mem: no current target");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        return target_array2mem(interp, target, argc-1, argv + 1);
}

static int target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp, struct target *target,
                int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        long l;
        uint32_t width;
        int len;
        uint32_t addr;
        uint32_t count;
        uint32_t v;
        const char *varname;
        const char *phys;
        bool is_phys;
        int  n, e, retval;
        uint32_t i;

        /* argv[1] = name of array to get the data
         * argv[2] = desired width
         * argv[3] = memory address
         * argv[4] = count to write
         */
        if (argc < 4 || argc > 5) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 0, argv, "varname width addr nelems [phys]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        varname = Jim_GetString(argv[0], &len);
        /* given "foo" get space for worse case "foo(%d)" .. add 20 */

        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[1], &l);
        width = l;
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;

        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[2], &l);
        addr = l;
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
        e = Jim_GetLong(interp, argv[3], &l);
        len = l;
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
        is_phys = false;
        if (argc > 4) {
                phys = Jim_GetString(argv[4], &n);
                if (!strncmp(phys, "phys", n))
                        is_phys = true;
                else
                        return JIM_ERR;
        }
        switch (width) {
                case 8:
                        width = 1;
                        break;
                case 16:
                        width = 2;
                        break;
                case 32:
                        width = 4;
                        break;
                default:
                        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                        Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
                                        "Invalid width param, must be 8/16/32", NULL);
                        return JIM_ERR;
        }
        if (len == 0) {
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
                                "array2mem: zero width read?", NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        if ((addr + (len * width)) < addr) {
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
                                "array2mem: addr + len - wraps to zero?", NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        /* absurd transfer size? */
        if (len > 65536) {
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
                                "array2mem: absurd > 64K item request", NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        if ((width == 1) ||
                ((width == 2) && ((addr & 1) == 0)) ||
                ((width == 4) && ((addr & 3) == 0))) {
                /* all is well */
        } else {
                char buf[100];
                Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                sprintf(buf, "array2mem address: 0x%08" PRIx32 " is not aligned for %" PRId32 " byte reads",
                                addr,
                                width);
                Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), buf, NULL);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        /* Transfer loop */

        /* index counter */
        n = 0;
        /* assume ok */
        e = JIM_OK;

        size_t buffersize = 4096;
        uint8_t *buffer = malloc(buffersize);
        if (buffer == NULL)
                return JIM_ERR;

        while (len) {
                /* Slurp... in buffer size chunks */

                count = len; /* in objects.. */
                if (count > (buffersize / width))
                        count = (buffersize / width);

                v = 0; /* shut up gcc */
                for (i = 0; i < count; i++, n++) {
                        get_int_array_element(interp, varname, n, &v);
                        switch (width) {
                        case 4:
                                target_buffer_set_u32(target, &buffer[i * width], v);
                                break;
                        case 2:
                                target_buffer_set_u16(target, &buffer[i * width], v);
                                break;
                        case 1:
                                buffer[i] = v & 0x0ff;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                len -= count;

                if (is_phys)
                        retval = target_write_phys_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
                else
                        retval = target_write_memory(target, addr, width, count, buffer);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        /* BOO !*/
                        LOG_ERROR("array2mem: Write @ 0x%08" PRIx32 ", w=%" PRId32 ", cnt=%" PRId32 ", failed",
                                          addr,
                                          width,
                                          count);
                        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));
                        Jim_AppendStrings(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp), "array2mem: cannot read memory", NULL);
                        e = JIM_ERR;
                        break;
                }
                addr += count * width;
        }

        free(buffer);

        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewEmptyStringObj(interp));

        return e;
}

/* FIX? should we propagate errors here rather than printing them
 * and continuing?
 */
void target_handle_event(struct target *target, enum target_event e)
{
        struct target_event_action *teap;

        for (teap = target->event_action; teap != NULL; teap = teap->next) {
                if (teap->event == e) {
                        LOG_DEBUG("target(%d): %s (%s) event: %d (%s) action: %s",
                                           target->target_number,
                                           target_name(target),
                                           target_type_name(target),
                                           e,
                                           Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, e)->name,
                                           Jim_GetString(teap->body, NULL));

                        /* Override current target by the target an event
                         * is issued from (lot of scripts need it).
                         * Return back to previous override as soon
                         * as the handler processing is done */
                        struct command_context *cmd_ctx = current_command_context(teap->interp);
                        struct target *saved_target_override = cmd_ctx->current_target_override;
                        cmd_ctx->current_target_override = target;

                        if (Jim_EvalObj(teap->interp, teap->body) != JIM_OK) {
                                Jim_MakeErrorMessage(teap->interp);
                                LOG_USER("Error executing event %s on target %s:\n%s",
                                                  Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, e)->name,
                                                  target_name(target),
                                                  Jim_GetString(Jim_GetResult(teap->interp), NULL));
                                /* clean both error code and stacktrace before return */
                                Jim_Eval(teap->interp, "error \"\" \"\"");
                        }

                        cmd_ctx->current_target_override = saved_target_override;
                }
        }
}

/**
 * Returns true only if the target has a handler for the specified event.
 */
bool target_has_event_action(struct target *target, enum target_event event)
{
        struct target_event_action *teap;

        for (teap = target->event_action; teap != NULL; teap = teap->next) {
                if (teap->event == event)
                        return true;
        }
        return false;
}

enum target_cfg_param {
        TCFG_TYPE,
        TCFG_EVENT,
        TCFG_WORK_AREA_VIRT,
        TCFG_WORK_AREA_PHYS,
        TCFG_WORK_AREA_SIZE,
        TCFG_WORK_AREA_BACKUP,
        TCFG_ENDIAN,
        TCFG_COREID,
        TCFG_CHAIN_POSITION,
        TCFG_DBGBASE,
        TCFG_RTOS,
        TCFG_DEFER_EXAMINE,
        TCFG_GDB_PORT,
};

static Jim_Nvp nvp_config_opts[] = {
        { .name = "-type",             .value = TCFG_TYPE },
        { .name = "-event",            .value = TCFG_EVENT },
        { .name = "-work-area-virt",   .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_VIRT },
        { .name = "-work-area-phys",   .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_PHYS },
        { .name = "-work-area-size",   .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_SIZE },
        { .name = "-work-area-backup", .value = TCFG_WORK_AREA_BACKUP },
        { .name = "-endian" ,          .value = TCFG_ENDIAN },
        { .name = "-coreid",           .value = TCFG_COREID },
        { .name = "-chain-position",   .value = TCFG_CHAIN_POSITION },
        { .name = "-dbgbase",          .value = TCFG_DBGBASE },
        { .name = "-rtos",             .value = TCFG_RTOS },
        { .name = "-defer-examine",    .value = TCFG_DEFER_EXAMINE },
        { .name = "-gdb-port",         .value = TCFG_GDB_PORT },
        { .name = NULL, .value = -1 }
};

static int target_configure(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi, struct target *target)
{
        Jim_Nvp *n;
        Jim_Obj *o;
        jim_wide w;
        int e;

        /* parse config or cget options ... */
        while (goi->argc > 0) {
                Jim_SetEmptyResult(goi->interp);
                /* Jim_GetOpt_Debug(goi); */

                if (target->type->target_jim_configure) {
                        /* target defines a configure function */
                        /* target gets first dibs on parameters */
                        e = (*(target->type->target_jim_configure))(target, goi);
                        if (e == JIM_OK) {
                                /* more? */
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (e == JIM_ERR) {
                                /* An error */
                                return e;
                        }
                        /* otherwise we 'continue' below */
                }
                e = Jim_GetOpt_Nvp(goi, nvp_config_opts, &n);
                if (e != JIM_OK) {
                        Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(goi, nvp_config_opts, 0);
                        return e;
                }
                switch (n->value) {
                case TCFG_TYPE:
                        /* not setable */
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi->interp,
                                                "not settable: %s", n->name);
                                return JIM_ERR;
                        } else {
no_params:
                                if (goi->argc != 0) {
                                        Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp,
                                                        goi->argc, goi->argv,
                                                        "NO PARAMS");
                                        return JIM_ERR;
                                }
                        }
                        Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp,
                                        target_type_name(target), -1);
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;
                case TCFG_EVENT:
                        if (goi->argc == 0) {
                                Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp, goi->argc, goi->argv, "-event ?event-name? ...");
                                return JIM_ERR;
                        }

                        e = Jim_GetOpt_Nvp(goi, nvp_target_event, &n);
                        if (e != JIM_OK) {
                                Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(goi, nvp_target_event, 1);
                                return e;
                        }

                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                if (goi->argc != 1) {
                                        Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp, goi->argc, goi->argv, "-event ?event-name? ?EVENT-BODY?");
                                        return JIM_ERR;
                                }
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0) {
                                        Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp, goi->argc, goi->argv, "-event ?event-name?");
                                        return JIM_ERR;
                                }
                        }

                        {
                                struct target_event_action *teap;

                                teap = target->event_action;
                                /* replace existing? */
                                while (teap) {
                                        if (teap->event == (enum target_event)n->value)
                                                break;
                                        teap = teap->next;
                                }

                                if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                        bool replace = true;
                                        if (teap == NULL) {
                                                /* create new */
                                                teap = calloc(1, sizeof(*teap));
                                                replace = false;
                                        }
                                        teap->event = n->value;
                                        teap->interp = goi->interp;
                                        Jim_GetOpt_Obj(goi, &o);
                                        if (teap->body)
                                                Jim_DecrRefCount(teap->interp, teap->body);
                                        teap->body  = Jim_DuplicateObj(goi->interp, o);
                                        /*
                                         * FIXME:
                                         *     Tcl/TK - "tk events" have a nice feature.
                                         *     See the "BIND" command.
                                         *    We should support that here.
                                         *     You can specify %X and %Y in the event code.
                                         *     The idea is: %T - target name.
                                         *     The idea is: %N - target number
                                         *     The idea is: %E - event name.
                                         */
                                        Jim_IncrRefCount(teap->body);

                                        if (!replace) {
                                                /* add to head of event list */
                                                teap->next = target->event_action;
                                                target->event_action = teap;
                                        }
                                        Jim_SetEmptyResult(goi->interp);
                                } else {
                                        /* get */
                                        if (teap == NULL)
                                                Jim_SetEmptyResult(goi->interp);
                                        else
                                                Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_DuplicateObj(goi->interp, teap->body));
                                }
                        }
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;

                case TCFG_WORK_AREA_VIRT:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
                                if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
                                target->working_area_virt = w;
                                target->working_area_virt_spec = true;
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->working_area_virt));
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;

                case TCFG_WORK_AREA_PHYS:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
                                if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
                                target->working_area_phys = w;
                                target->working_area_phys_spec = true;
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->working_area_phys));
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;

                case TCFG_WORK_AREA_SIZE:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
                                if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
                                target->working_area_size = w;
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->working_area_size));
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;

                case TCFG_WORK_AREA_BACKUP:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
                                if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
                                /* make this exactly 1 or 0 */
                                target->backup_working_area = (!!w);
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->backup_working_area));
                        /* loop for more e*/
                        break;


                case TCFG_ENDIAN:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Nvp(goi, nvp_target_endian, &n);
                                if (e != JIM_OK) {
                                        Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(goi, nvp_target_endian, 1);
                                        return e;
                                }
                                target->endianness = n->value;
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
                        }
                        n = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_endian, target->endianness);
                        if (n->name == NULL) {
                                target->endianness = TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
                                n = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_endian, target->endianness);
                        }
                        Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, n->name, -1);
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;

                case TCFG_COREID:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
                                if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
                                target->coreid = (int32_t)w;
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->coreid));
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;

                case TCFG_CHAIN_POSITION:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                Jim_Obj *o_t;
                                struct jtag_tap *tap;

                                if (target->has_dap) {
                                        Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp,
                                                "target requires -dap parameter instead of -chain-position!", -1);
                                        return JIM_ERR;
                                }

                                target_free_all_working_areas(target);
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Obj(goi, &o_t);
                                if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
                                tap = jtag_tap_by_jim_obj(goi->interp, o_t);
                                if (tap == NULL)
                                        return JIM_ERR;
                                target->tap = tap;
                                target->tap_configured = true;
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
                        }
                        Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, target->tap->dotted_name, -1);
                        /* loop for more e*/
                        break;
                case TCFG_DBGBASE:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(goi, &w);
                                if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
                                target->dbgbase = (uint32_t)w;
                                target->dbgbase_set = true;
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
                        }
                        Jim_SetResult(goi->interp, Jim_NewIntObj(goi->interp, target->dbgbase));
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;
                case TCFG_RTOS:
                        /* RTOS */
                        {
                                int result = rtos_create(goi, target);
                                if (result != JIM_OK)
                                        return result;
                        }
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;

                case TCFG_DEFER_EXAMINE:
                        /* DEFER_EXAMINE */
                        target->defer_examine = true;
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;

                case TCFG_GDB_PORT:
                        if (goi->isconfigure) {
                                struct command_context *cmd_ctx = current_command_context(goi->interp);
                                if (cmd_ctx->mode != COMMAND_CONFIG) {
                                        Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, "-gdb-port must be configured before 'init'", -1);
                                        return JIM_ERR;
                                }

                                const char *s;
                                e = Jim_GetOpt_String(goi, &s, NULL);
                                if (e != JIM_OK)
                                        return e;
                                target->gdb_port_override = strdup(s);
                        } else {
                                if (goi->argc != 0)
                                        goto no_params;
                        }
                        Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, target->gdb_port_override ? : "undefined", -1);
                        /* loop for more */
                        break;
                }
        } /* while (goi->argc) */


                /* done - we return */
        return JIM_OK;
}

static int jim_target_configure(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv)
{
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;

        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
        goi.isconfigure = !strcmp(Jim_GetString(argv[0], NULL), "configure");
        if (goi.argc < 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi.interp, goi.argc, goi.argv,
                                 "missing: -option ...");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(goi.interp);
        return target_configure(&goi, target);
}

static int jim_target_mem2array(Jim_Interp *interp,
                int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        return target_mem2array(interp, target, argc - 1, argv + 1);
}

static int jim_target_array2mem(Jim_Interp *interp,
                int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        return target_array2mem(interp, target, argc - 1, argv + 1);
}

static int jim_target_tap_disabled(Jim_Interp *interp)
{
        Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp, "[TAP is disabled]");
        return JIM_ERR;
}

static int jim_target_examine(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        bool allow_defer = false;

        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
        if (goi.argc > 1) {
                const char *cmd_name = Jim_GetString(argv[0], NULL);
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp,
                                "usage: %s ['allow-defer']", cmd_name);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        if (goi.argc > 0 &&
            strcmp(Jim_GetString(argv[1], NULL), "allow-defer") == 0) {
                /* consume it */
                struct Jim_Obj *obj;
                int e = Jim_GetOpt_Obj(&goi, &obj);
                if (e != JIM_OK)
                        return e;
                allow_defer = true;
        }

        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
                return jim_target_tap_disabled(interp);

        if (allow_defer && target->defer_examine) {
                LOG_INFO("Deferring arp_examine of %s", target_name(target));
                LOG_INFO("Use arp_examine command to examine it manually!");
                return JIM_OK;
        }

        int e = target->type->examine(target);
        if (e != ERROR_OK)
                return JIM_ERR;
        return JIM_OK;
}

static int jim_target_was_examined(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv)
{
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

        Jim_SetResultBool(interp, target_was_examined(target));
        return JIM_OK;
}

static int jim_target_examine_deferred(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj * const *argv)
{
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

        Jim_SetResultBool(interp, target->defer_examine);
        return JIM_OK;
}

static int jim_target_halt_gdb(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "[no parameters]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);

        if (target_call_event_callbacks(target, TARGET_EVENT_GDB_HALT) != ERROR_OK)
                return JIM_ERR;

        return JIM_OK;
}

static int jim_target_poll(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "[no parameters]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
                return jim_target_tap_disabled(interp);

        int e;
        if (!(target_was_examined(target)))
                e = ERROR_TARGET_NOT_EXAMINED;
        else
                e = target->type->poll(target);
        if (e != ERROR_OK)
                return JIM_ERR;
        return JIM_OK;
}

static int jim_target_reset(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);

        if (goi.argc != 2) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 0, argv,
                                "([tT]|[fF]|assert|deassert) BOOL");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        Jim_Nvp *n;
        int e = Jim_GetOpt_Nvp(&goi, nvp_assert, &n);
        if (e != JIM_OK) {
                Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(&goi, nvp_assert, 1);
                return e;
        }
        /* the halt or not param */
        jim_wide a;
        e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(&goi, &a);
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;

        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(goi.interp);
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
                return jim_target_tap_disabled(interp);

        if (!target->type->assert_reset || !target->type->deassert_reset) {
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(interp,
                                "No target-specific reset for %s",
                                target_name(target));
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        if (target->defer_examine)
                target_reset_examined(target);

        /* determine if we should halt or not. */
        target->reset_halt = !!a;
        /* When this happens - all workareas are invalid. */
        target_free_all_working_areas_restore(target, 0);

        /* do the assert */
        if (n->value == NVP_ASSERT)
                e = target->type->assert_reset(target);
        else
                e = target->type->deassert_reset(target);
        return (e == ERROR_OK) ? JIM_OK : JIM_ERR;
}

static int jim_target_halt(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "[no parameters]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
                return jim_target_tap_disabled(interp);
        int e = target->type->halt(target);
        return (e == ERROR_OK) ? JIM_OK : JIM_ERR;
}

static int jim_target_wait_state(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);

        /* params:  <name>  statename timeoutmsecs */
        if (goi.argc != 2) {
                const char *cmd_name = Jim_GetString(argv[0], NULL);
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp,
                                "%s <state_name> <timeout_in_msec>", cmd_name);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        Jim_Nvp *n;
        int e = Jim_GetOpt_Nvp(&goi, nvp_target_state, &n);
        if (e != JIM_OK) {
                Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(&goi, nvp_target_state, 1);
                return e;
        }
        jim_wide a;
        e = Jim_GetOpt_Wide(&goi, &a);
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        if (!target->tap->enabled)
                return jim_target_tap_disabled(interp);

        e = target_wait_state(target, n->value, a);
        if (e != ERROR_OK) {
                Jim_Obj *eObj = Jim_NewIntObj(interp, e);
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp,
                                "target: %s wait %s fails (%#s) %s",
                                target_name(target), n->name,
                                eObj, target_strerror_safe(e));
                Jim_FreeNewObj(interp, eObj);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        return JIM_OK;
}
/* List for human, Events defined for this target.
 * scripts/programs should use 'name cget -event NAME'
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_event_list)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        struct target_event_action *teap = target->event_action;

        command_print(CMD, "Event actions for target (%d) %s\n",
                                   target->target_number,
                                   target_name(target));
        command_print(CMD, "%-25s | Body", "Event");
        command_print(CMD, "------------------------- | "
                        "----------------------------------------");
        while (teap) {
                Jim_Nvp *opt = Jim_Nvp_value2name_simple(nvp_target_event, teap->event);
                command_print(CMD, "%-25s | %s",
                                opt->name, Jim_GetString(teap->body, NULL));
                teap = teap->next;
        }
        command_print(CMD, "***END***");
        return ERROR_OK;
}
static int jim_target_current_state(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "[no parameters]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        Jim_SetResultString(interp, target_state_name(target), -1);
        return JIM_OK;
}
static int jim_target_invoke_event(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
        if (goi.argc != 1) {
                const char *cmd_name = Jim_GetString(argv[0], NULL);
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi.interp, "%s <eventname>", cmd_name);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        Jim_Nvp *n;
        int e = Jim_GetOpt_Nvp(&goi, nvp_target_event, &n);
        if (e != JIM_OK) {
                Jim_GetOpt_NvpUnknown(&goi, nvp_target_event, 1);
                return e;
        }
        struct target *target = Jim_CmdPrivData(interp);
        target_handle_event(target, n->value);
        return JIM_OK;
}

static const struct command_registration target_instance_command_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "configure",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_configure,
                .help  = "configure a new target for use",
                .usage = "[target_attribute ...]",
        },
        {
                .name = "cget",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_configure,
                .help  = "returns the specified target attribute",
                .usage = "target_attribute",
        },
        {
                .name = "mwd",
                .handler = handle_mw_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Write 64-bit word(s) to target memory",
                .usage = "address data [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mww",
                .handler = handle_mw_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Write 32-bit word(s) to target memory",
                .usage = "address data [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mwh",
                .handler = handle_mw_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Write 16-bit half-word(s) to target memory",
                .usage = "address data [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mwb",
                .handler = handle_mw_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Write byte(s) to target memory",
                .usage = "address data [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mdd",
                .handler = handle_md_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Display target memory as 64-bit words",
                .usage = "address [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mdw",
                .handler = handle_md_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Display target memory as 32-bit words",
                .usage = "address [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mdh",
                .handler = handle_md_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Display target memory as 16-bit half-words",
                .usage = "address [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mdb",
                .handler = handle_md_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Display target memory as 8-bit bytes",
                .usage = "address [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "array2mem",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_array2mem,
                .help = "Writes Tcl array of 8/16/32 bit numbers "
                        "to target memory",
                .usage = "arrayname bitwidth address count",
        },
        {
                .name = "mem2array",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_mem2array,
                .help = "Loads Tcl array of 8/16/32 bit numbers "
                        "from target memory",
                .usage = "arrayname bitwidth address count",
        },
        {
                .name = "eventlist",
                .handler = handle_target_event_list,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "displays a table of events defined for this target",
                .usage = "",
        },
        {
                .name = "curstate",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_current_state,
                .help = "displays the current state of this target",
        },
        {
                .name = "arp_examine",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_examine,
                .help = "used internally for reset processing",
                .usage = "['allow-defer']",
        },
        {
                .name = "was_examined",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_was_examined,
                .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        },
        {
                .name = "examine_deferred",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_examine_deferred,
                .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        },
        {
                .name = "arp_halt_gdb",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_halt_gdb,
                .help = "used internally for reset processing to halt GDB",
        },
        {
                .name = "arp_poll",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_poll,
                .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        },
        {
                .name = "arp_reset",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_reset,
                .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        },
        {
                .name = "arp_halt",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_halt,
                .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        },
        {
                .name = "arp_waitstate",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_wait_state,
                .help = "used internally for reset processing",
        },
        {
                .name = "invoke-event",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_invoke_event,
                .help = "invoke handler for specified event",
                .usage = "event_name",
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};

static int target_create(Jim_GetOptInfo *goi)
{
        Jim_Obj *new_cmd;
        Jim_Cmd *cmd;
        const char *cp;
        int e;
        int x;
        struct target *target;
        struct command_context *cmd_ctx;

        cmd_ctx = current_command_context(goi->interp);
        assert(cmd_ctx != NULL);

        if (goi->argc < 3) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi->interp, 1, goi->argv, "?name? ?type? ..options...");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        /* COMMAND */
        Jim_GetOpt_Obj(goi, &new_cmd);
        /* does this command exist? */
        cmd = Jim_GetCommand(goi->interp, new_cmd, JIM_ERRMSG);
        if (cmd) {
                cp = Jim_GetString(new_cmd, NULL);
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi->interp, "Command/target: %s Exists", cp);
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        /* TYPE */
        e = Jim_GetOpt_String(goi, &cp, NULL);
        if (e != JIM_OK)
                return e;
        struct transport *tr = get_current_transport();
        if (tr->override_target) {
                e = tr->override_target(&cp);
                if (e != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_ERROR("The selected transport doesn't support this target");
                        return JIM_ERR;
                }
                LOG_INFO("The selected transport took over low-level target control. The results might differ compared to plain JTAG/SWD");
        }
        /* now does target type exist */
        for (x = 0 ; target_types[x] ; x++) {
                if (0 == strcmp(cp, target_types[x]->name)) {
                        /* found */
                        break;
                }

                /* check for deprecated name */
                if (target_types[x]->deprecated_name) {
                        if (0 == strcmp(cp, target_types[x]->deprecated_name)) {
                                /* found */
                                LOG_WARNING("target name is deprecated use: \'%s\'", target_types[x]->name);
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
        if (target_types[x] == NULL) {
                Jim_SetResultFormatted(goi->interp, "Unknown target type %s, try one of ", cp);
                for (x = 0 ; target_types[x] ; x++) {
                        if (target_types[x + 1]) {
                                Jim_AppendStrings(goi->interp,
                                                                   Jim_GetResult(goi->interp),
                                                                   target_types[x]->name,
                                                                   ", ", NULL);
                        } else {
                                Jim_AppendStrings(goi->interp,
                                                                   Jim_GetResult(goi->interp),
                                                                   " or ",
                                                                   target_types[x]->name, NULL);
                        }
                }
                return JIM_ERR;
        }

        /* Create it */
        target = calloc(1, sizeof(struct target));
        /* set target number */
        target->target_number = new_target_number();
        cmd_ctx->current_target = target;

        /* allocate memory for each unique target type */
        target->type = calloc(1, sizeof(struct target_type));

        memcpy(target->type, target_types[x], sizeof(struct target_type));

        /* will be set by "-endian" */
        target->endianness = TARGET_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN;

        /* default to first core, override with -coreid */
        target->coreid = 0;

        target->working_area        = 0x0;
        target->working_area_size   = 0x0;
        target->working_areas       = NULL;
        target->backup_working_area = 0;

        target->state               = TARGET_UNKNOWN;
        target->debug_reason        = DBG_REASON_UNDEFINED;
        target->reg_cache           = NULL;
        target->breakpoints         = NULL;
        target->watchpoints         = NULL;
        target->next                = NULL;
        target->arch_info           = NULL;

        target->verbose_halt_msg        = true;

        target->halt_issued                     = false;

        /* initialize trace information */
        target->trace_info = calloc(1, sizeof(struct trace));

        target->dbgmsg          = NULL;
        target->dbg_msg_enabled = 0;

        target->endianness = TARGET_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN;

        target->rtos = NULL;
        target->rtos_auto_detect = false;

        target->gdb_port_override = NULL;

        /* Do the rest as "configure" options */
        goi->isconfigure = 1;
        e = target_configure(goi, target);

        if (e == JIM_OK) {
                if (target->has_dap) {
                        if (!target->dap_configured) {
                                Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, "-dap ?name? required when creating target", -1);
                                e = JIM_ERR;
                        }
                } else {
                        if (!target->tap_configured) {
                                Jim_SetResultString(goi->interp, "-chain-position ?name? required when creating target", -1);
                                e = JIM_ERR;
                        }
                }
                /* tap must be set after target was configured */
                if (target->tap == NULL)
                        e = JIM_ERR;
        }

        if (e != JIM_OK) {
                free(target->gdb_port_override);
                free(target->type);
                free(target);
                return e;
        }

        if (target->endianness == TARGET_ENDIAN_UNKNOWN) {
                /* default endian to little if not specified */
                target->endianness = TARGET_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
        }

        cp = Jim_GetString(new_cmd, NULL);
        target->cmd_name = strdup(cp);

        if (target->type->target_create) {
                e = (*(target->type->target_create))(target, goi->interp);
                if (e != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_DEBUG("target_create failed");
                        free(target->gdb_port_override);
                        free(target->type);
                        free(target->cmd_name);
                        free(target);
                        return JIM_ERR;
                }
        }

        /* create the target specific commands */
        if (target->type->commands) {
                e = register_commands(cmd_ctx, NULL, target->type->commands);
                if (ERROR_OK != e)
                        LOG_ERROR("unable to register '%s' commands", cp);
        }

        /* append to end of list */
        {
                struct target **tpp;
                tpp = &(all_targets);
                while (*tpp)
                        tpp = &((*tpp)->next);
                *tpp = target;
        }

        /* now - create the new target name command */
        const struct command_registration target_subcommands[] = {
                {
                        .chain = target_instance_command_handlers,
                },
                {
                        .chain = target->type->commands,
                },
                COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
        };
        const struct command_registration target_commands[] = {
                {
                        .name = cp,
                        .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                        .help = "target command group",
                        .usage = "",
                        .chain = target_subcommands,
                },
                COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
        };
        e = register_commands(cmd_ctx, NULL, target_commands);
        if (ERROR_OK != e)
                return JIM_ERR;

        struct command *c = command_find_in_context(cmd_ctx, cp);
        assert(c);
        command_set_handler_data(c, target);

        return (ERROR_OK == e) ? JIM_OK : JIM_ERR;
}

static int jim_target_current(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "Too many parameters");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        struct command_context *cmd_ctx = current_command_context(interp);
        assert(cmd_ctx != NULL);

        Jim_SetResultString(interp, target_name(get_current_target(cmd_ctx)), -1);
        return JIM_OK;
}

static int jim_target_types(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "Too many parameters");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewListObj(interp, NULL, 0));
        for (unsigned x = 0; NULL != target_types[x]; x++) {
                Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
                        Jim_NewStringObj(interp, target_types[x]->name, -1));
        }
        return JIM_OK;
}

static int jim_target_names(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        if (argc != 1) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, argv, "Too many parameters");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        Jim_SetResult(interp, Jim_NewListObj(interp, NULL, 0));
        struct target *target = all_targets;
        while (target) {
                Jim_ListAppendElement(interp, Jim_GetResult(interp),
                        Jim_NewStringObj(interp, target_name(target), -1));
                target = target->next;
        }
        return JIM_OK;
}

static int jim_target_smp(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        int i;
        const char *targetname;
        int retval, len;
        struct target *target = (struct target *) NULL;
        struct target_list *head, *curr, *new;
        curr = (struct target_list *) NULL;
        head = (struct target_list *) NULL;

        retval = 0;
        LOG_DEBUG("%d", argc);
        /* argv[1] = target to associate in smp
         * argv[2] = target to assoicate in smp
         * argv[3] ...
         */

        for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {

                targetname = Jim_GetString(argv[i], &len);
                target = get_target(targetname);
                LOG_DEBUG("%s ", targetname);
                if (target) {
                        new = malloc(sizeof(struct target_list));
                        new->target = target;
                        new->next = (struct target_list *)NULL;
                        if (head == (struct target_list *)NULL) {
                                head = new;
                                curr = head;
                        } else {
                                curr->next = new;
                                curr = new;
                        }
                }
        }
        /*  now parse the list of cpu and put the target in smp mode*/
        curr = head;

        while (curr != (struct target_list *)NULL) {
                target = curr->target;
                target->smp = 1;
                target->head = head;
                curr = curr->next;
        }

        if (target && target->rtos)
                retval = rtos_smp_init(head->target);

        return retval;
}


static int jim_target_create(Jim_Interp *interp, int argc, Jim_Obj *const *argv)
{
        Jim_GetOptInfo goi;
        Jim_GetOpt_Setup(&goi, interp, argc - 1, argv + 1);
        if (goi.argc < 3) {
                Jim_WrongNumArgs(goi.interp, goi.argc, goi.argv,
                        "<name> <target_type> [<target_options> ...]");
                return JIM_ERR;
        }
        return target_create(&goi);
}

static const struct command_registration target_subcommand_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "init",
                .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
                .handler = handle_target_init_command,
                .help = "initialize targets",
                .usage = "",
        },
        {
                .name = "create",
                .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_create,
                .usage = "name type '-chain-position' name [options ...]",
                .help = "Creates and selects a new target",
        },
        {
                .name = "current",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_current,
                .help = "Returns the currently selected target",
        },
        {
                .name = "types",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_types,
                .help = "Returns the available target types as "
                                "a list of strings",
        },
        {
                .name = "names",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_names,
                .help = "Returns the names of all targets as a list of strings",
        },
        {
                .name = "smp",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .jim_handler = jim_target_smp,
                .usage = "targetname1 targetname2 ...",
                .help = "gather several target in a smp list"
        },

        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};

struct FastLoad {
        target_addr_t address;
        uint8_t *data;
        int length;

};

static int fastload_num;
static struct FastLoad *fastload;

static void free_fastload(void)
{
        if (fastload != NULL) {
                int i;
                for (i = 0; i < fastload_num; i++) {
                        if (fastload[i].data)
                                free(fastload[i].data);
                }
                free(fastload);
                fastload = NULL;
        }
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_image_command)
{
        uint8_t *buffer;
        size_t buf_cnt;
        uint32_t image_size;
        target_addr_t min_address = 0;
        target_addr_t max_address = -1;
        int i;

        struct image image;

        int retval = CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(parse_load_image_command_CMD_ARGV,
                        &image, &min_address, &max_address);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval)
                return retval;

        struct duration bench;
        duration_start(&bench);

        retval = image_open(&image, CMD_ARGV[0], (CMD_ARGC >= 3) ? CMD_ARGV[2] : NULL);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        image_size = 0x0;
        retval = ERROR_OK;
        fastload_num = image.num_sections;
        fastload = malloc(sizeof(struct FastLoad)*image.num_sections);
        if (fastload == NULL) {
                command_print(CMD, "out of memory");
                image_close(&image);
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        memset(fastload, 0, sizeof(struct FastLoad)*image.num_sections);
        for (i = 0; i < image.num_sections; i++) {
                buffer = malloc(image.sections[i].size);
                if (buffer == NULL) {
                        command_print(CMD, "error allocating buffer for section (%d bytes)",
                                                  (int)(image.sections[i].size));
                        retval = ERROR_FAIL;
                        break;
                }

                retval = image_read_section(&image, i, 0x0, image.sections[i].size, buffer, &buf_cnt);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        free(buffer);
                        break;
                }

                uint32_t offset = 0;
                uint32_t length = buf_cnt;

                /* DANGER!!! beware of unsigned comparision here!!! */

                if ((image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt >= min_address) &&
                                (image.sections[i].base_address < max_address)) {
                        if (image.sections[i].base_address < min_address) {
                                /* clip addresses below */
                                offset += min_address-image.sections[i].base_address;
                                length -= offset;
                        }

                        if (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt > max_address)
                                length -= (image.sections[i].base_address + buf_cnt)-max_address;

                        fastload[i].address = image.sections[i].base_address + offset;
                        fastload[i].data = malloc(length);
                        if (fastload[i].data == NULL) {
                                free(buffer);
                                command_print(CMD, "error allocating buffer for section (%" PRIu32 " bytes)",
                                                          length);
                                retval = ERROR_FAIL;
                                break;
                        }
                        memcpy(fastload[i].data, buffer + offset, length);
                        fastload[i].length = length;

                        image_size += length;
                        command_print(CMD, "%u bytes written at address 0x%8.8x",
                                                  (unsigned int)length,
                                                  ((unsigned int)(image.sections[i].base_address + offset)));
                }

                free(buffer);
        }

        if ((ERROR_OK == retval) && (duration_measure(&bench) == ERROR_OK)) {
                command_print(CMD, "Loaded %" PRIu32 " bytes "
                                "in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)", image_size,
                                duration_elapsed(&bench), duration_kbps(&bench, image_size));

                command_print(CMD,
                                "WARNING: image has not been loaded to target!"
                                "You can issue a 'fast_load' to finish loading.");
        }

        image_close(&image);

        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                free_fastload();

        return retval;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_fast_load_command)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC > 0)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        if (fastload == NULL) {
                LOG_ERROR("No image in memory");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }
        int i;
        int64_t ms = timeval_ms();
        int size = 0;
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        for (i = 0; i < fastload_num; i++) {
                struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
                command_print(CMD, "Write to 0x%08x, length 0x%08x",
                                          (unsigned int)(fastload[i].address),
                                          (unsigned int)(fastload[i].length));
                retval = target_write_buffer(target, fastload[i].address, fastload[i].length, fastload[i].data);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        break;
                size += fastload[i].length;
        }
        if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                int64_t after = timeval_ms();
                command_print(CMD, "Loaded image %f kBytes/s", (float)(size/1024.0)/((float)(after-ms)/1000.0));
        }
        return retval;
}

static const struct command_registration target_command_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "targets",
                .handler = handle_targets_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .help = "change current default target (one parameter) "
                        "or prints table of all targets (no parameters)",
                .usage = "[target]",
        },
        {
                .name = "target",
                .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
                .help = "configure target",
                .chain = target_subcommand_handlers,
                .usage = "",
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};

int target_register_commands(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
        return register_commands(cmd_ctx, NULL, target_command_handlers);
}

static bool target_reset_nag = true;

bool get_target_reset_nag(void)
{
        return target_reset_nag;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_target_reset_nag)
{
        return CALL_COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_command_parse_bool,
                        &target_reset_nag, "Nag after each reset about options to improve "
                        "performance");
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_ps_command)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        char *display;
        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_INFO("target not halted !!");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        if ((target->rtos) && (target->rtos->type)
                        && (target->rtos->type->ps_command)) {
                display = target->rtos->type->ps_command(target);
                command_print(CMD, "%s", display);
                free(display);
                return ERROR_OK;
        } else {
                LOG_INFO("failed");
                return ERROR_TARGET_FAILURE;
        }
}

static void binprint(struct command_invocation *cmd, const char *text, const uint8_t *buf, int size)
{
        if (text != NULL)
                command_print_sameline(cmd, "%s", text);
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                command_print_sameline(cmd, " %02x", buf[i]);
        command_print(cmd, " ");
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_test_mem_access_command)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        uint32_t test_size;
        int retval = ERROR_OK;

        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_INFO("target not halted !!");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        if (CMD_ARGC != 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(u32, CMD_ARGV[0], test_size);

        /* Test reads */
        size_t num_bytes = test_size + 4;

        struct working_area *wa = NULL;
        retval = target_alloc_working_area(target, num_bytes, &wa);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Not enough working area");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        uint8_t *test_pattern = malloc(num_bytes);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++)
                test_pattern[i] = rand();

        retval = target_write_memory(target, wa->address, 1, num_bytes, test_pattern);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Test pattern write failed");
                goto out;
        }

        for (int host_offset = 0; host_offset <= 1; host_offset++) {
                for (int size = 1; size <= 4; size *= 2) {
                        for (int offset = 0; offset < 4; offset++) {
                                uint32_t count = test_size / size;
                                size_t host_bufsiz = (count + 2) * size + host_offset;
                                uint8_t *read_ref = malloc(host_bufsiz);
                                uint8_t *read_buf = malloc(host_bufsiz);

                                for (size_t i = 0; i < host_bufsiz; i++) {
                                        read_ref[i] = rand();
                                        read_buf[i] = read_ref[i];
                                }
                                command_print_sameline(CMD,
                                                "Test read %" PRIu32 " x %d @ %d to %saligned buffer: ", count,
                                                size, offset, host_offset ? "un" : "");

                                struct duration bench;
                                duration_start(&bench);

                                retval = target_read_memory(target, wa->address + offset, size, count,
                                                read_buf + size + host_offset);

                                duration_measure(&bench);

                                if (retval == ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS) {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Unsupported alignment");
                                        goto next;
                                } else if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Memory read failed");
                                        goto next;
                                }

                                /* replay on host */
                                memcpy(read_ref + size + host_offset, test_pattern + offset, count * size);

                                /* check result */
                                int result = memcmp(read_ref, read_buf, host_bufsiz);
                                if (result == 0) {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Pass in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)",
                                                        duration_elapsed(&bench),
                                                        duration_kbps(&bench, count * size));
                                } else {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Compare failed");
                                        binprint(CMD, "ref:", read_ref, host_bufsiz);
                                        binprint(CMD, "buf:", read_buf, host_bufsiz);
                                }
next:
                                free(read_ref);
                                free(read_buf);
                        }
                }
        }

out:
        free(test_pattern);

        if (wa != NULL)
                target_free_working_area(target, wa);

        /* Test writes */
        num_bytes = test_size + 4 + 4 + 4;

        retval = target_alloc_working_area(target, num_bytes, &wa);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Not enough working area");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        test_pattern = malloc(num_bytes);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_bytes; i++)
                test_pattern[i] = rand();

        for (int host_offset = 0; host_offset <= 1; host_offset++) {
                for (int size = 1; size <= 4; size *= 2) {
                        for (int offset = 0; offset < 4; offset++) {
                                uint32_t count = test_size / size;
                                size_t host_bufsiz = count * size + host_offset;
                                uint8_t *read_ref = malloc(num_bytes);
                                uint8_t *read_buf = malloc(num_bytes);
                                uint8_t *write_buf = malloc(host_bufsiz);

                                for (size_t i = 0; i < host_bufsiz; i++)
                                        write_buf[i] = rand();
                                command_print_sameline(CMD,
                                                "Test write %" PRIu32 " x %d @ %d from %saligned buffer: ", count,
                                                size, offset, host_offset ? "un" : "");

                                retval = target_write_memory(target, wa->address, 1, num_bytes, test_pattern);
                                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Test pattern write failed");
                                        goto nextw;
                                }

                                /* replay on host */
                                memcpy(read_ref, test_pattern, num_bytes);
                                memcpy(read_ref + size + offset, write_buf + host_offset, count * size);

                                struct duration bench;
                                duration_start(&bench);

                                retval = target_write_memory(target, wa->address + size + offset, size, count,
                                                write_buf + host_offset);

                                duration_measure(&bench);

                                if (retval == ERROR_TARGET_UNALIGNED_ACCESS) {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Unsupported alignment");
                                        goto nextw;
                                } else if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Memory write failed");
                                        goto nextw;
                                }

                                /* read back */
                                retval = target_read_memory(target, wa->address, 1, num_bytes, read_buf);
                                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Test pattern write failed");
                                        goto nextw;
                                }

                                /* check result */
                                int result = memcmp(read_ref, read_buf, num_bytes);
                                if (result == 0) {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Pass in %fs (%0.3f KiB/s)",
                                                        duration_elapsed(&bench),
                                                        duration_kbps(&bench, count * size));
                                } else {
                                        command_print(CMD, "Compare failed");
                                        binprint(CMD, "ref:", read_ref, num_bytes);
                                        binprint(CMD, "buf:", read_buf, num_bytes);
                                }
nextw:
                                free(read_ref);
                                free(read_buf);
                        }
                }
        }

        free(test_pattern);

        if (wa != NULL)
                target_free_working_area(target, wa);
        return retval;
}

static const struct command_registration target_exec_command_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "fast_load_image",
                .handler = handle_fast_load_image_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .help = "Load image into server memory for later use by "
                        "fast_load; primarily for profiling",
                .usage = "filename address ['bin'|'ihex'|'elf'|'s19'] "
                        "[min_address [max_length]]",
        },
        {
                .name = "fast_load",
                .handler = handle_fast_load_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "loads active fast load image to current target "
                        "- mainly for profiling purposes",
                .usage = "",
        },
        {
                .name = "profile",
                .handler = handle_profile_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .usage = "seconds filename [start end]",
                .help = "profiling samples the CPU PC",
        },
        /** @todo don't register virt2phys() unless target supports it */
        {
                .name = "virt2phys",
                .handler = handle_virt2phys_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .help = "translate a virtual address into a physical address",
                .usage = "virtual_address",
        },
        {
                .name = "reg",
                .handler = handle_reg_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "display (reread from target with \"force\") or set a register; "
                        "with no arguments, displays all registers and their values",
                .usage = "[(register_number|register_name) [(value|'force')]]",
        },
        {
                .name = "poll",
                .handler = handle_poll_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "poll target state; or reconfigure background polling",
                .usage = "['on'|'off']",
        },
        {
                .name = "wait_halt",
                .handler = handle_wait_halt_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "wait up to the specified number of milliseconds "
                        "(default 5000) for a previously requested halt",
                .usage = "[milliseconds]",
        },
        {
                .name = "halt",
                .handler = handle_halt_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "request target to halt, then wait up to the specified"
                        "number of milliseconds (default 5000) for it to complete",
                .usage = "[milliseconds]",
        },
        {
                .name = "resume",
                .handler = handle_resume_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "resume target execution from current PC or address",
                .usage = "[address]",
        },
        {
                .name = "reset",
                .handler = handle_reset_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .usage = "[run|halt|init]",
                .help = "Reset all targets into the specified mode."
                        "Default reset mode is run, if not given.",
        },
        {
                .name = "soft_reset_halt",
                .handler = handle_soft_reset_halt_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .usage = "",
                .help = "halt the target and do a soft reset",
        },
        {
                .name = "step",
                .handler = handle_step_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "step one instruction from current PC or address",
                .usage = "[address]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mdd",
                .handler = handle_md_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "display memory double-words",
                .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mdw",
                .handler = handle_md_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "display memory words",
                .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mdh",
                .handler = handle_md_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "display memory half-words",
                .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mdb",
                .handler = handle_md_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "display memory bytes",
                .usage = "['phys'] address [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mwd",
                .handler = handle_mw_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "write memory double-word",
                .usage = "['phys'] address value [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mww",
                .handler = handle_mw_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "write memory word",
                .usage = "['phys'] address value [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mwh",
                .handler = handle_mw_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "write memory half-word",
                .usage = "['phys'] address value [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mwb",
                .handler = handle_mw_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "write memory byte",
                .usage = "['phys'] address value [count]",
        },
        {
                .name = "bp",
                .handler = handle_bp_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "list or set hardware or software breakpoint",
                .usage = "[<address> [<asid>] <length> ['hw'|'hw_ctx']]",
        },
        {
                .name = "rbp",
                .handler = handle_rbp_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "remove breakpoint",
                .usage = "address",
        },
        {
                .name = "wp",
                .handler = handle_wp_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "list (no params) or create watchpoints",
                .usage = "[address length [('r'|'w'|'a') value [mask]]]",
        },
        {
                .name = "rwp",
                .handler = handle_rwp_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "remove watchpoint",
                .usage = "address",
        },
        {
                .name = "load_image",
                .handler = handle_load_image_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .usage = "filename address ['bin'|'ihex'|'elf'|'s19'] "
                        "[min_address] [max_length]",
        },
        {
                .name = "dump_image",
                .handler = handle_dump_image_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .usage = "filename address size",
        },
        {
                .name = "verify_image_checksum",
                .handler = handle_verify_image_checksum_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .usage = "filename [offset [type]]",
        },
        {
                .name = "verify_image",
                .handler = handle_verify_image_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .usage = "filename [offset [type]]",
        },
        {
                .name = "test_image",
                .handler = handle_test_image_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .usage = "filename [offset [type]]",
        },
        {
                .name = "mem2array",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_mem2array,
                .help = "read 8/16/32 bit memory and return as a TCL array "
                        "for script processing",
                .usage = "arrayname bitwidth address count",
        },
        {
                .name = "array2mem",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .jim_handler = jim_array2mem,
                .help = "convert a TCL array to memory locations "
                        "and write the 8/16/32 bit values",
                .usage = "arrayname bitwidth address count",
        },
        {
                .name = "reset_nag",
                .handler = handle_target_reset_nag,
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .help = "Nag after each reset about options that could have been "
                                "enabled to improve performance. ",
                .usage = "['enable'|'disable']",
        },
        {
                .name = "ps",
                .handler = handle_ps_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "list all tasks ",
                .usage = " ",
        },
        {
                .name = "test_mem_access",
                .handler = handle_test_mem_access_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Test the target's memory access functions",
                .usage = "size",
        },

        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};
static int target_register_user_commands(struct command_context *cmd_ctx)
{
        int retval = ERROR_OK;
        retval = target_request_register_commands(cmd_ctx);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        retval = trace_register_commands(cmd_ctx);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;


        return register_commands(cmd_ctx, NULL, target_exec_command_handlers);
}