[openocd.git] / src / flash / nor / kinetis.c

/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2011 by Mathias Kuester                                 *
 *   kesmtp@freenet.de                                                     *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2011 sleep(5) ltd                                       *
 *   tomas@sleepfive.com                                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2012 by Christopher D. Kilgour                          *
 *   techie at whiterocker.com                                             *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2013 Nemui Trinomius                                    *
 *   nemuisan_kawausogasuki@live.jp                                        *
 *                                                                         *
 *   Copyright (C) 2015 Tomas Vanek                                        *
 *   vanekt@fbl.cz                                                         *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       *
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         *
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
 *                                                                         *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
 *   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
 ***************************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include "jtag/interface.h"
#include "imp.h"
#include <helper/binarybuffer.h>
#include <helper/time_support.h>
#include <target/target_type.h>
#include <target/algorithm.h>
#include <target/armv7m.h>
#include <target/cortex_m.h>

/*
 * Implementation Notes
 *
 * The persistent memories in the Kinetis chip families K10 through
 * K70 are all manipulated with the Flash Memory Module.  Some
 * variants call this module the FTFE, others call it the FTFL.  To
 * indicate that both are considered here, we use FTFX.
 *
 * Within the module, according to the chip variant, the persistent
 * memory is divided into what Freescale terms Program Flash, FlexNVM,
 * and FlexRAM.  All chip variants have Program Flash.  Some chip
 * variants also have FlexNVM and FlexRAM, which always appear
 * together.
 *
 * A given Kinetis chip may have 1, 2 or 4 blocks of flash.  Here we map
 * each block to a separate bank.  Each block size varies by chip and
 * may be determined by the read-only SIM_FCFG1 register.  The sector
 * size within each bank/block varies by chip, and may be 1, 2 or 4k.
 * The sector size may be different for flash and FlexNVM.
 *
 * The first half of the flash (1 or 2 blocks) is always Program Flash
 * and always starts at address 0x00000000.  The "PFLSH" flag, bit 23
 * of the read-only SIM_FCFG2 register, determines whether the second
 * half of the flash is also Program Flash or FlexNVM+FlexRAM.  When
 * PFLSH is set, the second from the first half.  When PFLSH is clear,
 * the second half of flash is FlexNVM and always starts at address
 * 0x10000000.  FlexRAM, which is also present when PFLSH is clear,
 * always starts at address 0x14000000.
 *
 * The Flash Memory Module provides a register set where flash
 * commands are loaded to perform flash operations like erase and
 * program.  Different commands are available depending on whether
 * Program Flash or FlexNVM/FlexRAM is being manipulated.  Although
 * the commands used are quite consistent between flash blocks, the
 * parameters they accept differ according to the flash sector size.
 *
 */

/* Addressess */
#define FCF_ADDRESS     0x00000400
#define FCF_FPROT       0x8
#define FCF_FSEC        0xc
#define FCF_FOPT        0xd
#define FCF_FDPROT      0xf
#define FCF_SIZE        0x10

#define FLEXRAM         0x14000000

#define FMC_PFB01CR     0x4001f004
#define FTFx_FSTAT      0x40020000
#define FTFx_FCNFG      0x40020001
#define FTFx_FCCOB3     0x40020004
#define FTFx_FPROT3     0x40020010
#define FTFx_FDPROT     0x40020017
#define SIM_SDID        0x40048024
#define SIM_SOPT1       0x40047000
#define SIM_FCFG1       0x4004804c
#define SIM_FCFG2       0x40048050
#define WDOG_STCTRH     0x40052000
#define SMC_PMCTRL      0x4007E001
#define SMC_PMSTAT      0x4007E003
#define MCM_PLACR       0xF000300C

/* Values */
#define PM_STAT_RUN             0x01
#define PM_STAT_VLPR            0x04
#define PM_CTRL_RUNM_RUN        0x00

/* Commands */
#define FTFx_CMD_BLOCKSTAT  0x00
#define FTFx_CMD_SECTSTAT   0x01
#define FTFx_CMD_LWORDPROG  0x06
#define FTFx_CMD_SECTERASE  0x09
#define FTFx_CMD_SECTWRITE  0x0b
#define FTFx_CMD_MASSERASE  0x44
#define FTFx_CMD_PGMPART    0x80
#define FTFx_CMD_SETFLEXRAM 0x81

/* The older Kinetis K series uses the following SDID layout :
 * Bit 31-16 : 0
 * Bit 15-12 : REVID
 * Bit 11-7  : DIEID
 * Bit 6-4   : FAMID
 * Bit 3-0   : PINID
 *
 * The newer Kinetis series uses the following SDID layout :
 * Bit 31-28 : FAMID
 * Bit 27-24 : SUBFAMID
 * Bit 23-20 : SERIESID
 * Bit 19-16 : SRAMSIZE
 * Bit 15-12 : REVID
 * Bit 6-4   : Reserved (0)
 * Bit 3-0   : PINID
 *
 * We assume that if bits 31-16 are 0 then it's an older
 * K-series MCU.
 */

#define KINETIS_SOPT1_RAMSIZE_MASK  0x0000F000
#define KINETIS_SOPT1_RAMSIZE_K24FN1M 0x0000B000

#define KINETIS_SDID_K_SERIES_MASK  0x0000FFFF

#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK 0x00000F80

#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN128     0x00000680 /* smaller pflash with FTFA */
#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN256     0x00000A80
#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN512     0x00000E80
#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K24FN256     0x00000700

#define KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K24FN1M      0x00000300 /* Detect Errata 7534 */

/* We can't rely solely on the FAMID field to determine the MCU
 * type since some FAMID values identify multiple MCUs with
 * different flash sector sizes (K20 and K22 for instance).
 * Therefore we combine it with the DIEID bits which may possibly
 * break if Freescale bumps the DIEID for a particular MCU. */
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_TYPE_MASK 0x00000FF0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M50   0x00000000
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M72   0x00000080
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M100  0x00000100
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M120  0x00000180
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K11               0x00000220
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K12               0x00000200
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M50   0x00000010
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M72   0x00000090
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M100  0x00000110
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M120  0x00000190
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M50   0x00000230
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M120  0x00000330
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M50   0x00000210
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M120  0x00000310
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M72   0x000000A0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M100  0x00000120
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M72   0x000000B0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M100  0x00000130
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K50_M72   0x000000E0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K51_M72   0x000000F0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K53               0x00000170
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M100  0x00000140
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M150  0x000001C0
#define KINETIS_K_SDID_K70_M150  0x000001D0

#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_MASK 0x00F00000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_K   0x00000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KL   0x00100000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KW   0x00500000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KV   0x00600000

#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK  0x0F000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0   0x00000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1   0x01000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2   0x02000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX3   0x03000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4   0x04000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX5   0x05000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6   0x06000000

#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK  0xF0000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K0X   0x00000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X   0x10000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X   0x20000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K3X   0x30000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X   0x40000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X   0x60000000
#define KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K7X   0x70000000

struct kinetis_flash_bank {
        bool probed;
        uint32_t sector_size;
        uint32_t max_flash_prog_size;
        uint32_t protection_size;
        uint32_t prog_base;             /* base address for FTFx operations */
                                        /* same as bank->base for pflash, differs for FlexNVM */
        uint32_t protection_block;      /* number of first protection block in this bank */

        uint32_t sim_sdid;
        uint32_t sim_fcfg1;
        uint32_t sim_fcfg2;

        enum {
                FC_AUTO = 0,
                FC_PFLASH,
                FC_FLEX_NVM,
                FC_FLEX_RAM,
        } flash_class;

        enum {
                FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR = 1,
                FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD = 2,
                FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE = 4, /* Unsupported */
                FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K = 8,
                FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_L = 0x10,
        } flash_support;
};

#define MDM_AP                  1

#define MDM_REG_STAT            0x00
#define MDM_REG_CTRL            0x04
#define MDM_REG_ID              0xfc

#define MDM_STAT_FMEACK         (1<<0)
#define MDM_STAT_FREADY         (1<<1)
#define MDM_STAT_SYSSEC         (1<<2)
#define MDM_STAT_SYSRES         (1<<3)
#define MDM_STAT_FMEEN          (1<<5)
#define MDM_STAT_BACKDOOREN     (1<<6)
#define MDM_STAT_LPEN           (1<<7)
#define MDM_STAT_VLPEN          (1<<8)
#define MDM_STAT_LLSMODEXIT     (1<<9)
#define MDM_STAT_VLLSXMODEXIT   (1<<10)
#define MDM_STAT_CORE_HALTED    (1<<16)
#define MDM_STAT_CORE_SLEEPDEEP (1<<17)
#define MDM_STAT_CORESLEEPING   (1<<18)

#define MDM_CTRL_FMEIP          (1<<0)
#define MDM_CTRL_DBG_DIS        (1<<1)
#define MDM_CTRL_DBG_REQ        (1<<2)
#define MDM_CTRL_SYS_RES_REQ    (1<<3)
#define MDM_CTRL_CORE_HOLD_RES  (1<<4)
#define MDM_CTRL_VLLSX_DBG_REQ  (1<<5)
#define MDM_CTRL_VLLSX_DBG_ACK  (1<<6)
#define MDM_CTRL_VLLSX_STAT_ACK (1<<7)

#define MDM_ACCESS_TIMEOUT      500 /* msec */


static bool allow_fcf_writes;
static uint8_t fcf_fopt = 0xff;


struct flash_driver kinetis_flash;
static int kinetis_write_inner(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
                        uint32_t offset, uint32_t count);
static int kinetis_auto_probe(struct flash_bank *bank);


static int kinetis_mdm_write_register(struct adiv5_dap *dap, unsigned reg, uint32_t value)
{
        int retval;
        LOG_DEBUG("MDM_REG[0x%02x] <- %08" PRIX32, reg, value);

        retval = dap_queue_ap_write(dap_ap(dap, MDM_AP), reg, value);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_DEBUG("MDM: failed to queue a write request");
                return retval;
        }

        retval = dap_run(dap);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_DEBUG("MDM: dap_run failed");
                return retval;
        }


        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int kinetis_mdm_read_register(struct adiv5_dap *dap, unsigned reg, uint32_t *result)
{
        int retval;

        retval = dap_queue_ap_read(dap_ap(dap, MDM_AP), reg, result);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_DEBUG("MDM: failed to queue a read request");
                return retval;
        }

        retval = dap_run(dap);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_DEBUG("MDM: dap_run failed");
                return retval;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("MDM_REG[0x%02x]: %08" PRIX32, reg, *result);
        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int kinetis_mdm_poll_register(struct adiv5_dap *dap, unsigned reg,
                        uint32_t mask, uint32_t value, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{
        uint32_t val;
        int retval;
        int64_t ms_timeout = timeval_ms() + timeout_ms;

        do {
                retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, reg, &val);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK || (val & mask) == value)
                        return retval;

                alive_sleep(1);
        } while (timeval_ms() < ms_timeout);

        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: polling timed out");
        return ERROR_FAIL;
}

/*
 * This command can be used to break a watchdog reset loop when
 * connecting to an unsecured target. Unlike other commands, halt will
 * automatically retry as it does not know how far into the boot process
 * it is when the command is called.
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_mdm_halt)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        struct cortex_m_common *cortex_m = target_to_cm(target);
        struct adiv5_dap *dap = cortex_m->armv7m.arm.dap;
        int retval;
        int tries = 0;
        uint32_t stat;
        int64_t ms_timeout = timeval_ms() + MDM_ACCESS_TIMEOUT;

        if (!dap) {
                LOG_ERROR("Cannot perform halt with a high-level adapter");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        while (true) {
                tries++;

                kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_CORE_HOLD_RES);

                alive_sleep(1);

                retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, MDM_REG_STAT, &stat);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: failed to read MDM_REG_STAT");
                        continue;
                }

                /* Repeat setting MDM_CTRL_CORE_HOLD_RES until system is out of
                 * reset with flash ready and without security
                 */
                if ((stat & (MDM_STAT_FREADY | MDM_STAT_SYSSEC | MDM_STAT_SYSRES))
                                == (MDM_STAT_FREADY | MDM_STAT_SYSRES))
                        break;

                if (timeval_ms() >= ms_timeout) {
                        LOG_ERROR("MDM: halt timed out");
                        return ERROR_FAIL;
                }
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: halt succeded after %d attempts.", tries);

        target_poll(target);
        /* enable polling in case kinetis_check_flash_security_status disabled it */
        jtag_poll_set_enabled(true);

        alive_sleep(100);

        target->reset_halt = true;
        target->type->assert_reset(target);

        retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, 0);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to clear MDM_REG_CTRL");
                return retval;
        }

        target->type->deassert_reset(target);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_mdm_reset)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        struct cortex_m_common *cortex_m = target_to_cm(target);
        struct adiv5_dap *dap = cortex_m->armv7m.arm.dap;
        int retval;

        if (!dap) {
                LOG_ERROR("Cannot perform reset with a high-level adapter");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_SYS_RES_REQ);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to write MDM_REG_CTRL");
                return retval;
        }

        retval = kinetis_mdm_poll_register(dap, MDM_REG_STAT, MDM_STAT_SYSRES, 0, 500);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to assert reset");
                return retval;
        }

        retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, 0);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to clear MDM_REG_CTRL");
                return retval;
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/*
 * This function implements the procedure to mass erase the flash via
 * SWD/JTAG on Kinetis K and L series of devices as it is described in
 * AN4835 "Production Flash Programming Best Practices for Kinetis K-
 * and L-series MCUs" Section 4.2.1. To prevent a watchdog reset loop,
 * the core remains halted after this function completes as suggested
 * by the application note.
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_mdm_mass_erase)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        struct cortex_m_common *cortex_m = target_to_cm(target);
        struct adiv5_dap *dap = cortex_m->armv7m.arm.dap;

        if (!dap) {
                LOG_ERROR("Cannot perform mass erase with a high-level adapter");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        int retval;

        /*
         * ... Power on the processor, or if power has already been
         * applied, assert the RESET pin to reset the processor. For
         * devices that do not have a RESET pin, write the System
         * Reset Request bit in the MDM-AP control register after
         * establishing communication...
         */

        /* assert SRST if configured */
        bool has_srst = jtag_get_reset_config() & RESET_HAS_SRST;
        if (has_srst)
                adapter_assert_reset();

        retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_SYS_RES_REQ);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK && !has_srst) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to assert reset");
                goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
        }

        /*
         * ... Read the MDM-AP status register repeatedly and wait for
         * stable conditions suitable for mass erase:
         * - mass erase is enabled
         * - flash is ready
         * - reset is finished
         *
         * Mass erase is started as soon as all conditions are met in 32
         * subsequent status reads.
         *
         * In case of not stable conditions (RESET/WDOG loop in secured device)
         * the user is asked for manual pressing of RESET button
         * as a last resort.
         */
        int cnt_mass_erase_disabled = 0;
        int cnt_ready = 0;
        int64_t ms_start = timeval_ms();
        bool man_reset_requested = false;

        do {
                uint32_t stat = 0;
                int64_t ms_elapsed = timeval_ms() - ms_start;

                if (!man_reset_requested && ms_elapsed > 100) {
                        LOG_INFO("MDM: Press RESET button now if possible.");
                        man_reset_requested = true;
                }

                if (ms_elapsed > 3000) {
                        LOG_ERROR("MDM: waiting for mass erase conditions timed out.");
                        LOG_INFO("Mass erase of a secured MCU is not possible without hardware reset.");
                        LOG_INFO("Connect SRST, use 'reset_config srst_only' and retry.");
                        goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
                }
                retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, MDM_REG_STAT, &stat);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        cnt_ready = 0;
                        continue;
                }

                if (!(stat & MDM_STAT_FMEEN)) {
                        cnt_ready = 0;
                        cnt_mass_erase_disabled++;
                        if (cnt_mass_erase_disabled > 10) {
                                LOG_ERROR("MDM: mass erase is disabled");
                                goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
                        }
                        continue;
                }

                if ((stat & (MDM_STAT_FREADY | MDM_STAT_SYSRES)) == MDM_STAT_FREADY)
                        cnt_ready++;
                else
                        cnt_ready = 0;

        } while (cnt_ready < 32);

        /*
         * ... Write the MDM-AP control register to set the Flash Mass
         * Erase in Progress bit. This will start the mass erase
         * process...
         */
        retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_SYS_RES_REQ | MDM_CTRL_FMEIP);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to start mass erase");
                goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
        }

        /*
         * ... Read the MDM-AP control register until the Flash Mass
         * Erase in Progress bit clears...
         * Data sheed defines erase time <3.6 sec/512kB flash block.
         * The biggest device has 4 pflash blocks => timeout 16 sec.
         */
        retval = kinetis_mdm_poll_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, MDM_CTRL_FMEIP, 0, 16000);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: mass erase timeout");
                goto deassert_reset_and_exit;
        }

        target_poll(target);
        /* enable polling in case kinetis_check_flash_security_status disabled it */
        jtag_poll_set_enabled(true);

        alive_sleep(100);

        target->reset_halt = true;
        target->type->assert_reset(target);

        /*
         * ... Negate the RESET signal or clear the System Reset Request
         * bit in the MDM-AP control register.
         */
        retval = kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, 0);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to clear MDM_REG_CTRL");

        target->type->deassert_reset(target);

        return retval;

deassert_reset_and_exit:
        kinetis_mdm_write_register(dap, MDM_REG_CTRL, 0);
        if (has_srst)
                adapter_deassert_reset();
        return retval;
}

static const uint32_t kinetis_known_mdm_ids[] = {
        0x001C0000,     /* Kinetis-K Series */
        0x001C0020,     /* Kinetis-L/M/V/E Series */
};

/*
 * This function implements the procedure to connect to
 * SWD/JTAG on Kinetis K and L series of devices as it is described in
 * AN4835 "Production Flash Programming Best Practices for Kinetis K-
 * and L-series MCUs" Section 4.1.1
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_check_flash_security_status)
{
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        struct cortex_m_common *cortex_m = target_to_cm(target);
        struct adiv5_dap *dap = cortex_m->armv7m.arm.dap;

        if (!dap) {
                LOG_WARNING("Cannot check flash security status with a high-level adapter");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        if (!dap->ops)
                return ERROR_OK;        /* too early to check, in JTAG mode ops may not be initialised */

        uint32_t val;
        int retval;

        /*
         * ... The MDM-AP ID register can be read to verify that the
         * connection is working correctly...
         */
        retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, MDM_REG_ID, &val);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to read ID register");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        if (val == 0)
                return ERROR_OK;        /* dap not yet initialised */

        bool found = false;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(kinetis_known_mdm_ids); i++) {
                if (val == kinetis_known_mdm_ids[i]) {
                        found = true;
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (!found)
                LOG_WARNING("MDM: unknown ID %08" PRIX32, val);

        /*
         * ... Read the System Security bit to determine if security is enabled.
         * If System Security = 0, then proceed. If System Security = 1, then
         * communication with the internals of the processor, including the
         * flash, will not be possible without issuing a mass erase command or
         * unsecuring the part through other means (backdoor key unlock)...
         */
        retval = kinetis_mdm_read_register(dap, MDM_REG_STAT, &val);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("MDM: failed to read MDM_REG_STAT");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        /*
         * System Security bit is also active for short time during reset.
         * If a MCU has blank flash and runs in RESET/WDOG loop,
         * System Security bit is active most of time!
         * We should observe Flash Ready bit and read status several times
         * to avoid false detection of secured MCU
         */
        int secured_score = 0, flash_not_ready_score = 0;

        if ((val & (MDM_STAT_SYSSEC | MDM_STAT_FREADY)) != MDM_STAT_FREADY) {
                uint32_t stats[32];
                int i;

                for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
                        stats[i] = MDM_STAT_FREADY;
                        dap_queue_ap_read(dap_ap(dap, MDM_AP), MDM_REG_STAT, &stats[i]);
                }
                retval = dap_run(dap);
                if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_DEBUG("MDM: dap_run failed when validating secured state");
                        return ERROR_OK;
                }
                for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
                        if (stats[i] & MDM_STAT_SYSSEC)
                                secured_score++;
                        if (!(stats[i] & MDM_STAT_FREADY))
                                flash_not_ready_score++;
                }
        }

        if (flash_not_ready_score <= 8 && secured_score > 24) {
                jtag_poll_set_enabled(false);

                LOG_WARNING("*********** ATTENTION! ATTENTION! ATTENTION! ATTENTION! **********");
                LOG_WARNING("****                                                          ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** Your Kinetis MCU is in secured state, which means that,  ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** with exception for very basic communication, JTAG/SWD    ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** interface will NOT work. In order to restore its         ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** functionality please issue 'kinetis mdm mass_erase'      ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** command, power cycle the MCU and restart OpenOCD.        ****");
                LOG_WARNING("****                                                          ****");
                LOG_WARNING("*********** ATTENTION! ATTENTION! ATTENTION! ATTENTION! **********");

        } else if (flash_not_ready_score > 24) {
                jtag_poll_set_enabled(false);
                LOG_WARNING("**** Your Kinetis MCU is probably locked-up in RESET/WDOG loop. ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** Common reason is a blank flash (at least a reset vector).  ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** Issue 'kinetis mdm halt' command or if SRST is connected   ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** and configured, use 'reset halt'                           ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** If MCU cannot be halted, it is likely secured and running  ****");
                LOG_WARNING("**** in RESET/WDOG loop. Issue 'kinetis mdm mass_erase'         ****");

        } else {
                LOG_INFO("MDM: Chip is unsecured. Continuing.");
                jtag_poll_set_enabled(true);
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

FLASH_BANK_COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_flash_bank_command)
{
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *bank_info;

        if (CMD_ARGC < 6)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        LOG_INFO("add flash_bank kinetis %s", bank->name);

        bank_info = malloc(sizeof(struct kinetis_flash_bank));

        memset(bank_info, 0, sizeof(struct kinetis_flash_bank));

        bank->driver_priv = bank_info;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/* Disable the watchdog on Kinetis devices */
int kinetis_disable_wdog(struct target *target, uint32_t sim_sdid)
{
        struct working_area *wdog_algorithm;
        struct armv7m_algorithm armv7m_info;
        uint16_t wdog;
        int retval;

        static const uint8_t kinetis_unlock_wdog_code[] = {
#include "../../../contrib/loaders/watchdog/armv7m_kinetis_wdog.inc"
        };

        /* Decide whether the connected device needs watchdog disabling.
         * Disable for all Kx and KVx devices, return if it is a KLx */

        if ((sim_sdid & KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_MASK) == KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KL)
                return ERROR_OK;

        /* The connected device requires watchdog disabling. */
        retval = target_read_u16(target, WDOG_STCTRH, &wdog);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        if ((wdog & 0x1) == 0) {
                /* watchdog already disabled */
                return ERROR_OK;
        }
        LOG_INFO("Disabling Kinetis watchdog (initial WDOG_STCTRLH = 0x%x)", wdog);

        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }

        retval = target_alloc_working_area(target, sizeof(kinetis_unlock_wdog_code), &wdog_algorithm);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        retval = target_write_buffer(target, wdog_algorithm->address,
                        sizeof(kinetis_unlock_wdog_code), (uint8_t *)kinetis_unlock_wdog_code);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK) {
                target_free_working_area(target, wdog_algorithm);
                return retval;
        }

        armv7m_info.common_magic = ARMV7M_COMMON_MAGIC;
        armv7m_info.core_mode = ARM_MODE_THREAD;

        retval = target_run_algorithm(target, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, wdog_algorithm->address,
                        wdog_algorithm->address + (sizeof(kinetis_unlock_wdog_code) - 2),
                        10000, &armv7m_info);

        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_ERROR("error executing kinetis wdog unlock algorithm");

        retval = target_read_u16(target, WDOG_STCTRH, &wdog);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;
        LOG_INFO("WDOG_STCTRLH = 0x%x", wdog);

        target_free_working_area(target, wdog_algorithm);

        return retval;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_disable_wdog_handler)
{
        int result;
        uint32_t sim_sdid;
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);

        if (CMD_ARGC > 0)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        result = target_read_u32(target, SIM_SDID, &sim_sdid);
        if (result != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_ERROR("Failed to read SIMSDID");
                return result;
        }

        result = kinetis_disable_wdog(target, sim_sdid);
        return result;
}


static int kinetis_ftfx_decode_error(uint8_t fstat)
{
        if (fstat & 0x20) {
                LOG_ERROR("Flash operation failed, illegal command");
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED;

        } else if (fstat & 0x10)
                LOG_ERROR("Flash operation failed, protection violated");

        else if (fstat & 0x40)
                LOG_ERROR("Flash operation failed, read collision");

        else if (fstat & 0x80)
                return ERROR_OK;

        else
                LOG_ERROR("Flash operation timed out");

        return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
}


static int kinetis_ftfx_prepare(struct target *target)
{
        int result, i;
        uint8_t fstat;

        /* wait until busy */
        for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                result = target_read_u8(target, FTFx_FSTAT, &fstat);
                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                        return result;

                if (fstat & 0x80)
                        break;
        }

        if ((fstat & 0x80) == 0) {
                LOG_ERROR("Flash controller is busy");
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }
        if (fstat != 0x80) {
                /* reset error flags */
                result = target_write_u8(target, FTFx_FSTAT, 0x70);
        }
        return result;
}

/* Kinetis Program-LongWord Microcodes */
static const uint8_t kinetis_flash_write_code[] = {
#include "../../../contrib/loaders/flash/kinetis/kinetis_flash.inc"
};

/* Program LongWord Block Write */
static int kinetis_write_block(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
                uint32_t offset, uint32_t wcount)
{
        struct target *target = bank->target;
        uint32_t buffer_size = 2048;            /* Default minimum value */
        struct working_area *write_algorithm;
        struct working_area *source;
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;
        uint32_t address = kinfo->prog_base + offset;
        uint32_t end_address;
        struct reg_param reg_params[5];
        struct armv7m_algorithm armv7m_info;
        int retval;
        uint8_t fstat;

        /* Increase buffer_size if needed */
        if (buffer_size < (target->working_area_size/2))
                buffer_size = (target->working_area_size/2);

        /* allocate working area with flash programming code */
        if (target_alloc_working_area(target, sizeof(kinetis_flash_write_code),
                        &write_algorithm) != ERROR_OK) {
                LOG_WARNING("no working area available, can't do block memory writes");
                return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
        }

        retval = target_write_buffer(target, write_algorithm->address,
                sizeof(kinetis_flash_write_code), kinetis_flash_write_code);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                return retval;

        /* memory buffer */
        while (target_alloc_working_area(target, buffer_size, &source) != ERROR_OK) {
                buffer_size /= 4;
                if (buffer_size <= 256) {
                        /* free working area, write algorithm already allocated */
                        target_free_working_area(target, write_algorithm);

                        LOG_WARNING("No large enough working area available, can't do block memory writes");
                        return ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE;
                }
        }

        armv7m_info.common_magic = ARMV7M_COMMON_MAGIC;
        armv7m_info.core_mode = ARM_MODE_THREAD;

        init_reg_param(&reg_params[0], "r0", 32, PARAM_IN_OUT); /* address */
        init_reg_param(&reg_params[1], "r1", 32, PARAM_OUT); /* word count */
        init_reg_param(&reg_params[2], "r2", 32, PARAM_OUT);
        init_reg_param(&reg_params[3], "r3", 32, PARAM_OUT);
        init_reg_param(&reg_params[4], "r4", 32, PARAM_OUT);

        buf_set_u32(reg_params[0].value, 0, 32, address);
        buf_set_u32(reg_params[1].value, 0, 32, wcount);
        buf_set_u32(reg_params[2].value, 0, 32, source->address);
        buf_set_u32(reg_params[3].value, 0, 32, source->address + source->size);
        buf_set_u32(reg_params[4].value, 0, 32, FTFx_FSTAT);

        retval = target_run_flash_async_algorithm(target, buffer, wcount, 4,
                                                0, NULL,
                                                5, reg_params,
                                                source->address, source->size,
                                                write_algorithm->address, 0,
                                                &armv7m_info);

        if (retval == ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED) {
                end_address = buf_get_u32(reg_params[0].value, 0, 32);

                LOG_ERROR("Error writing flash at %08" PRIx32, end_address);

                retval = target_read_u8(target, FTFx_FSTAT, &fstat);
                if (retval == ERROR_OK) {
                        retval = kinetis_ftfx_decode_error(fstat);

                        /* reset error flags */
                        target_write_u8(target, FTFx_FSTAT, 0x70);
                }
        } else if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                LOG_ERROR("Error executing kinetis Flash programming algorithm");

        target_free_working_area(target, source);
        target_free_working_area(target, write_algorithm);

        destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[0]);
        destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[1]);
        destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[2]);
        destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[3]);
        destroy_reg_param(&reg_params[4]);

        return retval;
}

static int kinetis_protect(struct flash_bank *bank, int set, int first, int last)
{
        int i;

        if (allow_fcf_writes) {
                LOG_ERROR("Protection setting is possible with 'kinetis fcf_source protection' only!");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
        }

        if (!bank->prot_blocks || bank->num_prot_blocks == 0) {
                LOG_ERROR("No protection possible for current bank!");
                return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
        }

        for (i = first; i < bank->num_prot_blocks && i <= last; i++)
                bank->prot_blocks[i].is_protected = set;

        LOG_INFO("Protection bits will be written at the next FCF sector erase or write.");
        LOG_INFO("Do not issue 'flash info' command until protection is written,");
        LOG_INFO("doing so would re-read protection status from MCU.");

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int kinetis_protect_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;
        int result;
        int i, b;
        uint32_t fprot;

        if (kinfo->flash_class == FC_PFLASH) {

                /* read protection register */
                result = target_read_u32(bank->target, FTFx_FPROT3, &fprot);
                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                        return result;

                /* Every bit protects 1/32 of the full flash (not necessarily just this bank) */

        } else if (kinfo->flash_class == FC_FLEX_NVM) {
                uint8_t fdprot;

                /* read protection register */
                result = target_read_u8(bank->target, FTFx_FDPROT, &fdprot);
                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                        return result;

                fprot = fdprot;

        } else {
                LOG_ERROR("Protection checks for FlexRAM not supported");
                return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
        }

        b = kinfo->protection_block;
        for (i = 0; i < bank->num_prot_blocks; i++) {
                if ((fprot >> b) & 1)
                        bank->prot_blocks[i].is_protected = 0;
                else
                        bank->prot_blocks[i].is_protected = 1;

                b++;
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}


static int kinetis_fill_fcf(struct flash_bank *bank, uint8_t *fcf)
{
        uint32_t fprot = 0xffffffff;
        uint8_t fsec = 0xfe;             /* set MCU unsecure */
        uint8_t fdprot = 0xff;
        int i;
        uint32_t pflash_bit;
        uint8_t dflash_bit;
        struct flash_bank *bank_iter;
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo;

        memset(fcf, 0xff, FCF_SIZE);

        pflash_bit = 1;
        dflash_bit = 1;

        /* iterate over all kinetis banks */
        /* current bank is bank 0, it contains FCF */
        for (bank_iter = bank; bank_iter; bank_iter = bank_iter->next) {
                if (bank_iter->driver != &kinetis_flash
                    || bank_iter->target != bank->target)
                        continue;

                kinetis_auto_probe(bank_iter);

                kinfo = bank->driver_priv;
                if (!kinfo)
                        continue;

                if (kinfo->flash_class == FC_PFLASH) {
                        for (i = 0; i < bank_iter->num_prot_blocks; i++) {
                                if (bank_iter->prot_blocks[i].is_protected == 1)
                                        fprot &= ~pflash_bit;

                                pflash_bit <<= 1;
                        }

                } else if (kinfo->flash_class == FC_FLEX_NVM) {
                        for (i = 0; i < bank_iter->num_prot_blocks; i++) {
                                if (bank_iter->prot_blocks[i].is_protected == 1)
                                        fdprot &= ~dflash_bit;

                                dflash_bit <<= 1;
                        }

                }
        }

        target_buffer_set_u32(bank->target, fcf + FCF_FPROT, fprot);
        fcf[FCF_FSEC] = fsec;
        fcf[FCF_FOPT] = fcf_fopt;
        fcf[FCF_FDPROT] = fdprot;
        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int kinetis_ftfx_command(struct target *target, uint8_t fcmd, uint32_t faddr,
                                uint8_t fccob4, uint8_t fccob5, uint8_t fccob6, uint8_t fccob7,
                                uint8_t fccob8, uint8_t fccob9, uint8_t fccoba, uint8_t fccobb,
                                uint8_t *ftfx_fstat)
{
        uint8_t command[12] = {faddr & 0xff, (faddr >> 8) & 0xff, (faddr >> 16) & 0xff, fcmd,
                        fccob7, fccob6, fccob5, fccob4,
                        fccobb, fccoba, fccob9, fccob8};
        int result;
        uint8_t fstat;
        int64_t ms_timeout = timeval_ms() + 250;

        result = target_write_memory(target, FTFx_FCCOB3, 4, 3, command);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        /* start command */
        result = target_write_u8(target, FTFx_FSTAT, 0x80);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        /* wait for done */
        do {
                result = target_read_u8(target, FTFx_FSTAT, &fstat);

                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                        return result;

                if (fstat & 0x80)
                        break;

        } while (timeval_ms() < ms_timeout);

        if (ftfx_fstat)
                *ftfx_fstat = fstat;

        if ((fstat & 0xf0) != 0x80) {
                LOG_DEBUG("ftfx command failed FSTAT: %02X FCCOB: %02X%02X%02X%02X %02X%02X%02X%02X %02X%02X%02X%02X",
                         fstat, command[3], command[2], command[1], command[0],
                         command[7], command[6], command[5], command[4],
                         command[11], command[10], command[9], command[8]);

                return kinetis_ftfx_decode_error(fstat);
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}


static int kinetis_check_run_mode(struct target *target)
{
        int result, i;
        uint8_t pmctrl, pmstat;

        if (target->state != TARGET_HALTED) {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }

        result = target_read_u8(target, SMC_PMSTAT, &pmstat);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        if (pmstat == PM_STAT_RUN)
                return ERROR_OK;

        if (pmstat == PM_STAT_VLPR) {
                /* It is safe to switch from VLPR to RUN mode without changing clock */
                LOG_INFO("Switching from VLPR to RUN mode.");
                pmctrl = PM_CTRL_RUNM_RUN;
                result = target_write_u8(target, SMC_PMCTRL, pmctrl);
                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                        return result;

                for (i = 100; i; i--) {
                        result = target_read_u8(target, SMC_PMSTAT, &pmstat);
                        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                                return result;

                        if (pmstat == PM_STAT_RUN)
                                return ERROR_OK;
                }
        }

        LOG_ERROR("Flash operation not possible in current run mode: SMC_PMSTAT: 0x%x", pmstat);
        LOG_ERROR("Issue a 'reset init' command.");
        return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
}


static void kinetis_invalidate_flash_cache(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;

        if (kinfo->flash_support & FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K)
                target_write_u8(bank->target, FMC_PFB01CR + 2, 0xf0);

        else if (kinfo->flash_support & FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_L)
                target_write_u8(bank->target, MCM_PLACR + 1, 0x04);

        return;
}


static int kinetis_erase(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
{
        int result, i;
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;

        result = kinetis_check_run_mode(bank->target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        /* reset error flags */
        result = kinetis_ftfx_prepare(bank->target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        if ((first > bank->num_sectors) || (last > bank->num_sectors))
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;

        /*
         * FIXME: TODO: use the 'Erase Flash Block' command if the
         * requested erase is PFlash or NVM and encompasses the entire
         * block.  Should be quicker.
         */
        for (i = first; i <= last; i++) {
                /* set command and sector address */
                result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFx_CMD_SECTERASE, kinfo->prog_base + bank->sectors[i].offset,
                                0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0,  NULL);

                if (result != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_WARNING("erase sector %d failed", i);
                        return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
                }

                bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;

                if (bank->base == 0
                        && bank->sectors[i].offset <= FCF_ADDRESS
                        && bank->sectors[i].offset + bank->sectors[i].size > FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE) {
                        if (allow_fcf_writes) {
                                LOG_WARNING("Flash Configuration Field erased, DO NOT reset or power off the device");
                                LOG_WARNING("until correct FCF is programmed or MCU gets security lock.");
                        } else {
                                uint8_t fcf_buffer[FCF_SIZE];

                                kinetis_fill_fcf(bank, fcf_buffer);
                                result = kinetis_write_inner(bank, fcf_buffer, FCF_ADDRESS, FCF_SIZE);
                                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                                        LOG_WARNING("Flash Configuration Field write failed");
                                bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
                        }
                }
        }

        kinetis_invalidate_flash_cache(bank);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int kinetis_make_ram_ready(struct target *target)
{
        int result;
        uint8_t ftfx_fcnfg;

        /* check if ram ready */
        result = target_read_u8(target, FTFx_FCNFG, &ftfx_fcnfg);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        if (ftfx_fcnfg & (1 << 1))
                return ERROR_OK;        /* ram ready */

        /* make flex ram available */
        result = kinetis_ftfx_command(target, FTFx_CMD_SETFLEXRAM, 0x00ff0000,
                                 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0,  NULL);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;

        /* check again */
        result = target_read_u8(target, FTFx_FCNFG, &ftfx_fcnfg);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        if (ftfx_fcnfg & (1 << 1))
                return ERROR_OK;        /* ram ready */

        return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
}


static int kinetis_write_sections(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
                         uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
{
        int result = ERROR_OK;
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;
        uint8_t *buffer_aligned = NULL;
        /*
         * Kinetis uses different terms for the granularity of
         * sector writes, e.g. "phrase" or "128 bits".  We use
         * the generic term "chunk". The largest possible
         * Kinetis "chunk" is 16 bytes (128 bits).
         */
        uint32_t prog_section_chunk_bytes = kinfo->sector_size >> 8;
        uint32_t prog_size_bytes = kinfo->max_flash_prog_size;

        while (count > 0) {
                uint32_t size = prog_size_bytes - offset % prog_size_bytes;
                uint32_t align_begin = offset % prog_section_chunk_bytes;
                uint32_t align_end;
                uint32_t size_aligned;
                uint16_t chunk_count;
                uint8_t ftfx_fstat;

                if (size > count)
                        size = count;

                align_end = (align_begin + size) % prog_section_chunk_bytes;
                if (align_end)
                        align_end = prog_section_chunk_bytes - align_end;

                size_aligned = align_begin + size + align_end;
                chunk_count = size_aligned / prog_section_chunk_bytes;

                if (size != size_aligned) {
                        /* aligned section: the first, the last or the only */
                        if (!buffer_aligned)
                                buffer_aligned = malloc(prog_size_bytes);

                        memset(buffer_aligned, 0xff, size_aligned);
                        memcpy(buffer_aligned + align_begin, buffer, size);

                        result = target_write_memory(bank->target, FLEXRAM,
                                                4, size_aligned / 4, buffer_aligned);

                        LOG_DEBUG("section @ %08" PRIx32 " aligned begin %" PRIu32 ", end %" PRIu32,
                                        bank->base + offset, align_begin, align_end);
                } else
                        result = target_write_memory(bank->target, FLEXRAM,
                                                4, size_aligned / 4, buffer);

                LOG_DEBUG("write section @ %08" PRIx32 " with length %" PRIu32 " bytes",
                          bank->base + offset, size);

                if (result != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_ERROR("target_write_memory failed");
                        break;
                }

                /* execute section-write command */
                result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFx_CMD_SECTWRITE,
                                kinfo->prog_base + offset - align_begin,
                                chunk_count>>8, chunk_count, 0, 0,
                                0, 0, 0, 0,  &ftfx_fstat);

                if (result != ERROR_OK) {
                        LOG_ERROR("Error writing section at %08" PRIx32, bank->base + offset);
                        break;
                }

                if (ftfx_fstat & 0x01)
                        LOG_ERROR("Flash write error at %08" PRIx32, bank->base + offset);

                buffer += size;
                offset += size;
                count -= size;
        }

        free(buffer_aligned);
        return result;
}


static int kinetis_write_inner(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
                         uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
{
        int result, fallback = 0;
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;

        if (!(kinfo->flash_support & FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR)) {
                /* fallback to longword write */
                fallback = 1;
                LOG_WARNING("This device supports Program Longword execution only.");
        } else {
                result = kinetis_make_ram_ready(bank->target);
                if (result != ERROR_OK) {
                        fallback = 1;
                        LOG_WARNING("FlexRAM not ready, fallback to slow longword write.");
                }
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("flash write @08%" PRIx32, bank->base + offset);

        if (fallback == 0) {
                /* program section command */
                kinetis_write_sections(bank, buffer, offset, count);
        }
        else if (kinfo->flash_support & FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD) {
                /* program longword command, not supported in FTFE */
                uint8_t *new_buffer = NULL;

                /* check word alignment */
                if (offset & 0x3) {
                        LOG_ERROR("offset 0x%" PRIx32 " breaks the required alignment", offset);
                        return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
                }

                if (count & 0x3) {
                        uint32_t old_count = count;
                        count = (old_count | 3) + 1;
                        new_buffer = malloc(count);
                        if (new_buffer == NULL) {
                                LOG_ERROR("odd number of bytes to write and no memory "
                                        "for padding buffer");
                                return ERROR_FAIL;
                        }
                        LOG_INFO("odd number of bytes to write (%" PRIu32 "), extending to %" PRIu32 " "
                                "and padding with 0xff", old_count, count);
                        memset(new_buffer + old_count, 0xff, count - old_count);
                        buffer = memcpy(new_buffer, buffer, old_count);
                }

                uint32_t words_remaining = count / 4;

                kinetis_disable_wdog(bank->target, kinfo->sim_sdid);

                /* try using a block write */
                result = kinetis_write_block(bank, buffer, offset, words_remaining);

                if (result == ERROR_TARGET_RESOURCE_NOT_AVAILABLE) {
                        /* if block write failed (no sufficient working area),
                         * we use normal (slow) single word accesses */
                        LOG_WARNING("couldn't use block writes, falling back to single "
                                "memory accesses");

                        while (words_remaining) {
                                uint8_t ftfx_fstat;

                                LOG_DEBUG("write longword @ %08" PRIx32, (uint32_t)(bank->base + offset));

                                result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFx_CMD_LWORDPROG, kinfo->prog_base + offset,
                                                buffer[3], buffer[2], buffer[1], buffer[0],
                                                0, 0, 0, 0,  &ftfx_fstat);

                                if (result != ERROR_OK) {
                                        LOG_ERROR("Error writing longword at %08" PRIx32, bank->base + offset);
                                        break;
                                }

                                if (ftfx_fstat & 0x01)
                                        LOG_ERROR("Flash write error at %08" PRIx32, bank->base + offset);

                                buffer += 4;
                                offset += 4;
                                words_remaining--;
                        }
                }
                free(new_buffer);
        } else {
                LOG_ERROR("Flash write strategy not implemented");
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        kinetis_invalidate_flash_cache(bank);
        return result;
}


static int kinetis_write(struct flash_bank *bank, const uint8_t *buffer,
                         uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
{
        int result;
        bool set_fcf = false;
        int sect = 0;

        result = kinetis_check_run_mode(bank->target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        /* reset error flags */
        result = kinetis_ftfx_prepare(bank->target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        if (bank->base == 0 && !allow_fcf_writes) {
                if (bank->sectors[1].offset <= FCF_ADDRESS)
                        sect = 1;       /* 1kb sector, FCF in 2nd sector */

                if (offset < bank->sectors[sect].offset + bank->sectors[sect].size
                        && offset + count > bank->sectors[sect].offset)
                        set_fcf = true; /* write to any part of sector with FCF */
        }

        if (set_fcf) {
                uint8_t fcf_buffer[FCF_SIZE];
                uint8_t fcf_current[FCF_SIZE];

                kinetis_fill_fcf(bank, fcf_buffer);

                if (offset < FCF_ADDRESS) {
                        /* write part preceding FCF */
                        result = kinetis_write_inner(bank, buffer, offset, FCF_ADDRESS - offset);
                        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                                return result;
                }

                result = target_read_memory(bank->target, FCF_ADDRESS, 4, FCF_SIZE / 4, fcf_current);
                if (result == ERROR_OK && memcmp(fcf_current, fcf_buffer, FCF_SIZE) == 0)
                        set_fcf = false;

                if (set_fcf) {
                        /* write FCF if differs from flash - eliminate multiple writes */
                        result = kinetis_write_inner(bank, fcf_buffer, FCF_ADDRESS, FCF_SIZE);
                        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                                return result;
                }

                LOG_WARNING("Flash Configuration Field written.");
                LOG_WARNING("Reset or power off the device to make settings effective.");

                if (offset + count > FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE) {
                        uint32_t delta = FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE - offset;
                        /* write part after FCF */
                        result = kinetis_write_inner(bank, buffer + delta, FCF_ADDRESS + FCF_SIZE, count - delta);
                }
                return result;

        } else
                /* no FCF fiddling, normal write */
                return kinetis_write_inner(bank, buffer, offset, count);
}


static int kinetis_probe(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        int result, i;
        uint8_t fcfg1_nvmsize, fcfg1_pfsize, fcfg1_eesize, fcfg1_depart;
        uint8_t fcfg2_maxaddr0, fcfg2_pflsh, fcfg2_maxaddr1;
        uint32_t nvm_size = 0, pf_size = 0, df_size = 0, ee_size = 0;
        unsigned num_blocks = 0, num_pflash_blocks = 0, num_nvm_blocks = 0, first_nvm_bank = 0,
                        pflash_sector_size_bytes = 0, nvm_sector_size_bytes = 0;
        struct target *target = bank->target;
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;

        kinfo->probed = false;

        result = target_read_u32(target, SIM_SDID, &kinfo->sim_sdid);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        if ((kinfo->sim_sdid & (~KINETIS_SDID_K_SERIES_MASK)) == 0) {
                /* older K-series MCU */
                uint32_t mcu_type = kinfo->sim_sdid & KINETIS_K_SDID_TYPE_MASK;

                switch (mcu_type) {
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M50:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M50:
                        /* 1kB sectors */
                        pflash_sector_size_bytes = 1<<10;
                        nvm_sector_size_bytes = 1<<10;
                        num_blocks = 2;
                        kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                        break;
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M72:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M72:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M72:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K30_M100:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M72:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K40_M100:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K50_M72:
                        /* 2kB sectors, 1kB FlexNVM sectors */
                        pflash_sector_size_bytes = 2<<10;
                        nvm_sector_size_bytes = 1<<10;
                        num_blocks = 2;
                        kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                        kinfo->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                        break;
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M100:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M100:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K11:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K12:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M50:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M50:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K51_M72:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K53:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M100:
                        /* 2kB sectors */
                        pflash_sector_size_bytes = 2<<10;
                        nvm_sector_size_bytes = 2<<10;
                        num_blocks = 2;
                        kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                        break;
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K21_M120:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K22_M120:
                        /* 4kB sectors (MK21FN1M0, MK21FX512, MK22FN1M0, MK22FX512) */
                        pflash_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                        kinfo->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                        nvm_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                        num_blocks = 2;
                        kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                        break;
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K10_M120:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K20_M120:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K60_M150:
                case KINETIS_K_SDID_K70_M150:
                        /* 4kB sectors */
                        pflash_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                        nvm_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                        num_blocks = 4;
                        kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                        break;
                default:
                        LOG_ERROR("Unsupported K-family FAMID");
                }
        } else {
                /* Newer K-series or KL series MCU */
                switch (kinfo->sim_sdid & KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_MASK) {
                case KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_K:
                        switch (kinfo->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK)) {
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K0X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2:
                                /* K02FN64, K02FN128: FTFA, 2kB sectors */
                                pflash_sector_size_bytes = 2<<10;
                                num_blocks = 1;
                                kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                                break;

                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2: {
                                /* MK24FN1M reports as K22, this should detect it (according to errata note 1N83J) */
                                uint32_t sopt1;
                                result = target_read_u32(target, SIM_SOPT1, &sopt1);
                                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                                        return result;

                                if (((kinfo->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K24FN1M) &&
                                                ((sopt1 & KINETIS_SOPT1_RAMSIZE_MASK) == KINETIS_SOPT1_RAMSIZE_K24FN1M)) {
                                        /* MK24FN1M */
                                        pflash_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                                        num_blocks = 2;
                                        kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                                        kinfo->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                                        break;
                                }
                                if ((kinfo->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN128
                                        || (kinfo->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN256
                                        || (kinfo->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K22FN512) {
                                        /* K22 with new-style SDID - smaller pflash with FTFA, 2kB sectors */
                                        pflash_sector_size_bytes = 2<<10;
                                        /* autodetect 1 or 2 blocks */
                                        kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                                        break;
                                }
                                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported Kinetis K22 DIEID");
                                break;
                        }
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4:
                                pflash_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                                if ((kinfo->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_MASK)) == KINETIS_SDID_DIEID_K24FN256) {
                                        /* K24FN256 - smaller pflash with FTFA */
                                        num_blocks = 1;
                                        kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                                        break;
                                }
                                /* K24FN1M without errata 7534 */
                                num_blocks = 2;
                                kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                                kinfo->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                                break;

                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX3:
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:     /* errata 7534 - should be K63 */
                                /* K63FN1M0 */
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4:
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2:     /* errata 7534 - should be K64 */
                                /* K64FN1M0, K64FX512 */
                                pflash_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                                nvm_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                                kinfo->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                                num_blocks = 2;
                                kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                                break;

                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K2X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6:
                                /* K26FN2M0 */
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K6X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6:
                                /* K66FN2M0, K66FX1M0 */
                                pflash_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                                nvm_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                                kinfo->max_flash_prog_size = 1<<10;
                                num_blocks = 4;
                                kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_PHRASE | FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                                break;
                        default:
                                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported Kinetis FAMILYID SUBFAMID");
                        }
                        break;

                case KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KL:
                        /* KL-series */
                        pflash_sector_size_bytes = 1<<10;
                        nvm_sector_size_bytes = 1<<10;
                        /* autodetect 1 or 2 blocks */
                        kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_L;
                        break;

                case KINETIS_SDID_SERIESID_KV:
                        /* KV-series */
                        switch (kinfo->sim_sdid & (KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_MASK | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_MASK)) {
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0:
                                /* KV10: FTFA, 1kB sectors */
                                pflash_sector_size_bytes = 1<<10;
                                num_blocks = 1;
                                kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_L;
                                break;

                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K1X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:
                                /* KV11: FTFA, 2kB sectors */
                                pflash_sector_size_bytes = 2<<10;
                                num_blocks = 1;
                                kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_L;
                                break;

                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K3X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX0:
                                /* KV30: FTFA, 2kB sectors, 1 block */
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K3X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX1:
                                /* KV31: FTFA, 2kB sectors, 2 blocks */
                                pflash_sector_size_bytes = 2<<10;
                                /* autodetect 1 or 2 blocks */
                                kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                                break;

                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX2:
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX4:
                        case KINETIS_SDID_FAMILYID_K4X | KINETIS_SDID_SUBFAMID_KX6:
                                /* KV4x: FTFA, 4kB sectors */
                                pflash_sector_size_bytes = 4<<10;
                                num_blocks = 1;
                                kinfo->flash_support = FS_PROGRAM_LONGWORD | FS_INVALIDATE_CACHE_K;
                                break;

                        default:
                                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported KV FAMILYID SUBFAMID");
                        }
                        break;

                default:
                        LOG_ERROR("Unsupported K-series");
                }
        }

        if (pflash_sector_size_bytes == 0) {
                LOG_ERROR("MCU is unsupported, SDID 0x%08" PRIx32, kinfo->sim_sdid);
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED;
        }

        result = target_read_u32(target, SIM_FCFG1, &kinfo->sim_fcfg1);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        result = target_read_u32(target, SIM_FCFG2, &kinfo->sim_fcfg2);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        LOG_DEBUG("SDID: 0x%08" PRIX32 " FCFG1: 0x%08" PRIX32 " FCFG2: 0x%08" PRIX32, kinfo->sim_sdid,
                        kinfo->sim_fcfg1, kinfo->sim_fcfg2);

        fcfg1_nvmsize = (uint8_t)((kinfo->sim_fcfg1 >> 28) & 0x0f);
        fcfg1_pfsize = (uint8_t)((kinfo->sim_fcfg1 >> 24) & 0x0f);
        fcfg1_eesize = (uint8_t)((kinfo->sim_fcfg1 >> 16) & 0x0f);
        fcfg1_depart = (uint8_t)((kinfo->sim_fcfg1 >> 8) & 0x0f);

        fcfg2_pflsh = (uint8_t)((kinfo->sim_fcfg2 >> 23) & 0x01);
        fcfg2_maxaddr0 = (uint8_t)((kinfo->sim_fcfg2 >> 24) & 0x7f);
        fcfg2_maxaddr1 = (uint8_t)((kinfo->sim_fcfg2 >> 16) & 0x7f);

        if (num_blocks == 0)
                num_blocks = fcfg2_maxaddr1 ? 2 : 1;
        else if (fcfg2_maxaddr1 == 0 && num_blocks >= 2) {
                num_blocks = 1;
                LOG_WARNING("MAXADDR1 is zero, number of flash banks adjusted to 1");
        } else if (fcfg2_maxaddr1 != 0 && num_blocks == 1) {
                num_blocks = 2;
                LOG_WARNING("MAXADDR1 is non zero, number of flash banks adjusted to 2");
        }

        /* when the PFLSH bit is set, there is no FlexNVM/FlexRAM */
        if (!fcfg2_pflsh) {
                switch (fcfg1_nvmsize) {
                case 0x03:
                case 0x05:
                case 0x07:
                case 0x09:
                case 0x0b:
                        nvm_size = 1 << (14 + (fcfg1_nvmsize >> 1));
                        break;
                case 0x0f:
                        if (pflash_sector_size_bytes >= 4<<10)
                                nvm_size = 512<<10;
                        else
                                /* K20_100 */
                                nvm_size = 256<<10;
                        break;
                default:
                        nvm_size = 0;
                        break;
                }

                switch (fcfg1_eesize) {
                case 0x00:
                case 0x01:
                case 0x02:
                case 0x03:
                case 0x04:
                case 0x05:
                case 0x06:
                case 0x07:
                case 0x08:
                case 0x09:
                        ee_size = (16 << (10 - fcfg1_eesize));
                        break;
                default:
                        ee_size = 0;
                        break;
                }

                switch (fcfg1_depart) {
                case 0x01:
                case 0x02:
                case 0x03:
                case 0x04:
                case 0x05:
                case 0x06:
                        df_size = nvm_size - (4096 << fcfg1_depart);
                        break;
                case 0x08:
                        df_size = 0;
                        break;
                case 0x09:
                case 0x0a:
                case 0x0b:
                case 0x0c:
                case 0x0d:
                        df_size = 4096 << (fcfg1_depart & 0x7);
                        break;
                default:
                        df_size = nvm_size;
                        break;
                }
        }

        switch (fcfg1_pfsize) {
        case 0x03:
        case 0x05:
        case 0x07:
        case 0x09:
        case 0x0b:
        case 0x0d:
                pf_size = 1 << (14 + (fcfg1_pfsize >> 1));
                break;
        case 0x0f:
                /* a peculiar case: Freescale states different sizes for 0xf
                 * K02P64M100SFARM      128 KB ... duplicate of code 0x7
                 * K22P121M120SF8RM     256 KB ... duplicate of code 0x9
                 * K22P121M120SF7RM     512 KB ... duplicate of code 0xb
                 * K22P100M120SF5RM     1024 KB ... duplicate of code 0xd
                 * K26P169M180SF5RM     2048 KB ... the only unique value
                 * fcfg2_maxaddr0 seems to be the only clue to pf_size
                 * Checking fcfg2_maxaddr0 later in this routine is pointless then
                 */
                if (fcfg2_pflsh)
                        pf_size = ((uint32_t)fcfg2_maxaddr0 << 13) * num_blocks;
                else
                        pf_size = ((uint32_t)fcfg2_maxaddr0 << 13) * num_blocks / 2;
                if (pf_size != 2048<<10)
                        LOG_WARNING("SIM_FCFG1 PFSIZE = 0xf: please check if pflash is %u KB", pf_size>>10);

                break;
        default:
                pf_size = 0;
                break;
        }

        LOG_DEBUG("FlexNVM: %" PRIu32 " PFlash: %" PRIu32 " FlexRAM: %" PRIu32 " PFLSH: %d",
                  nvm_size, pf_size, ee_size, fcfg2_pflsh);

        num_pflash_blocks = num_blocks / (2 - fcfg2_pflsh);
        first_nvm_bank = num_pflash_blocks;
        num_nvm_blocks = num_blocks - num_pflash_blocks;

        LOG_DEBUG("%d blocks total: %d PFlash, %d FlexNVM",
                        num_blocks, num_pflash_blocks, num_nvm_blocks);

        LOG_INFO("Probing flash info for bank %d", bank->bank_number);

        if ((unsigned)bank->bank_number < num_pflash_blocks) {
                /* pflash, banks start at address zero */
                kinfo->flash_class = FC_PFLASH;
                bank->size = (pf_size / num_pflash_blocks);
                bank->base = 0x00000000 + bank->size * bank->bank_number;
                kinfo->prog_base = bank->base;
                kinfo->sector_size = pflash_sector_size_bytes;
                /* pflash is divided into 32 protection areas for
                 * parts with more than 32K of PFlash. For parts with
                 * less the protection unit is set to 1024 bytes */
                kinfo->protection_size = MAX(pf_size / 32, 1024);
                bank->num_prot_blocks = 32 / num_pflash_blocks;
                kinfo->protection_block = bank->num_prot_blocks * bank->bank_number;

        } else if ((unsigned)bank->bank_number < num_blocks) {
                /* nvm, banks start at address 0x10000000 */
                unsigned nvm_ord = bank->bank_number - first_nvm_bank;
                uint32_t limit;

                kinfo->flash_class = FC_FLEX_NVM;
                bank->size = (nvm_size / num_nvm_blocks);
                bank->base = 0x10000000 + bank->size * nvm_ord;
                kinfo->prog_base = 0x00800000 + bank->size * nvm_ord;
                kinfo->sector_size = nvm_sector_size_bytes;
                if (df_size == 0) {
                        kinfo->protection_size = 0;
                } else {
                        for (i = df_size; ~i & 1; i >>= 1)
                                ;
                        if (i == 1)
                                kinfo->protection_size = df_size / 8;   /* data flash size = 2^^n */
                        else
                                kinfo->protection_size = nvm_size / 8;  /* TODO: verify on SF1, not documented in RM */
                }
                bank->num_prot_blocks = 8 / num_nvm_blocks;
                kinfo->protection_block = bank->num_prot_blocks * nvm_ord;

                /* EEPROM backup part of FlexNVM is not accessible, use df_size as a limit */
                if (df_size > bank->size * nvm_ord)
                        limit = df_size - bank->size * nvm_ord;
                else
                        limit = 0;

                if (bank->size > limit) {
                        bank->size = limit;
                        LOG_DEBUG("FlexNVM bank %d limited to 0x%08" PRIx32 " due to active EEPROM backup",
                                bank->bank_number, limit);
                }

        } else if ((unsigned)bank->bank_number == num_blocks) {
                LOG_ERROR("FlexRAM support not yet implemented");
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPER_UNSUPPORTED;
        } else {
                LOG_ERROR("Cannot determine parameters for bank %d, only %d banks on device",
                                bank->bank_number, num_blocks);
                return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
        }

        if (bank->bank_number == 0 && ((uint32_t)fcfg2_maxaddr0 << 13) != bank->size)
                LOG_WARNING("MAXADDR0 0x%02" PRIx8 " check failed,"
                                " please report to OpenOCD mailing list", fcfg2_maxaddr0);
        if (fcfg2_pflsh) {
                if (bank->bank_number == 1 && ((uint32_t)fcfg2_maxaddr1 << 13) != bank->size)
                        LOG_WARNING("MAXADDR1 0x%02" PRIx8 " check failed,"
                                " please report to OpenOCD mailing list", fcfg2_maxaddr1);
        } else {
                if ((unsigned)bank->bank_number == first_nvm_bank
                                && ((uint32_t)fcfg2_maxaddr1 << 13) != df_size)
                        LOG_WARNING("FlexNVM MAXADDR1 0x%02" PRIx8 " check failed,"
                                " please report to OpenOCD mailing list", fcfg2_maxaddr1);
        }

        if (bank->sectors) {
                free(bank->sectors);
                bank->sectors = NULL;
        }
        if (bank->prot_blocks) {
                free(bank->prot_blocks);
                bank->prot_blocks = NULL;
        }

        if (kinfo->sector_size == 0) {
                LOG_ERROR("Unknown sector size for bank %d", bank->bank_number);
                return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
        }

        if (kinfo->flash_support & FS_PROGRAM_SECTOR
                         && kinfo->max_flash_prog_size == 0) {
                kinfo->max_flash_prog_size = kinfo->sector_size;
                /* Program section size is equal to sector size by default */
        }

        bank->num_sectors = bank->size / kinfo->sector_size;

        if (bank->num_sectors > 0) {
                /* FlexNVM bank can be used for EEPROM backup therefore zero sized */
                bank->sectors = alloc_block_array(0, kinfo->sector_size, bank->num_sectors);
                if (!bank->sectors)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;

                bank->prot_blocks = alloc_block_array(0, kinfo->protection_size, bank->num_prot_blocks);
                if (!bank->prot_blocks)
                        return ERROR_FAIL;

        } else {
                bank->num_prot_blocks = 0;
        }

        kinfo->probed = true;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int kinetis_auto_probe(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;

        if (kinfo && kinfo->probed)
                return ERROR_OK;

        return kinetis_probe(bank);
}

static int kinetis_info(struct flash_bank *bank, char *buf, int buf_size)
{
        const char *bank_class_names[] = {
                "(ANY)", "PFlash", "FlexNVM", "FlexRAM"
        };

        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;

        (void) snprintf(buf, buf_size,
                        "%s driver for %s flash bank %s at 0x%8.8" PRIx32 "",
                        bank->driver->name, bank_class_names[kinfo->flash_class],
                        bank->name, bank->base);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static int kinetis_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo = bank->driver_priv;
        int result;

        /* suprisingly blank check does not work in VLPR and HSRUN modes */
        result = kinetis_check_run_mode(bank->target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        /* reset error flags */
        result = kinetis_ftfx_prepare(bank->target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        if (kinfo->flash_class == FC_PFLASH || kinfo->flash_class == FC_FLEX_NVM) {
                bool block_dirty = false;
                uint8_t ftfx_fstat;

                if (kinfo->flash_class == FC_FLEX_NVM) {
                        uint8_t fcfg1_depart = (uint8_t)((kinfo->sim_fcfg1 >> 8) & 0x0f);
                        /* block operation cannot be used on FlexNVM when EEPROM backup partition is set */
                        if (fcfg1_depart != 0xf && fcfg1_depart != 0)
                                block_dirty = true;
                }

                if (!block_dirty) {
                        /* check if whole bank is blank */
                        result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFx_CMD_BLOCKSTAT, kinfo->prog_base,
                                                         0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, &ftfx_fstat);

                        if (result != ERROR_OK || (ftfx_fstat & 0x01))
                                block_dirty = true;
                }

                if (block_dirty) {
                        /* the whole bank is not erased, check sector-by-sector */
                        int i;
                        for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++) {
                                /* normal margin */
                                result = kinetis_ftfx_command(bank->target, FTFx_CMD_SECTSTAT,
                                                kinfo->prog_base + bank->sectors[i].offset,
                                                1, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, &ftfx_fstat);

                                if (result == ERROR_OK) {
                                        bank->sectors[i].is_erased = !(ftfx_fstat & 0x01);
                                } else {
                                        LOG_DEBUG("Ignoring errored PFlash sector blank-check");
                                        bank->sectors[i].is_erased = -1;
                                }
                        }
                } else {
                        /* the whole bank is erased, update all sectors */
                        int i;
                        for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++)
                                bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;
                }
        } else {
                LOG_WARNING("kinetis_blank_check not supported yet for FlexRAM");
                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}


COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_nvm_partition)
{
        int result, i;
        unsigned long par, log2 = 0, ee1 = 0, ee2 = 0;
        enum { SHOW_INFO, DF_SIZE, EEBKP_SIZE } sz_type = SHOW_INFO;
        bool enable;
        uint8_t load_flex_ram = 1;
        uint8_t ee_size_code = 0x3f;
        uint8_t flex_nvm_partition_code = 0;
        uint8_t ee_split = 3;
        struct target *target = get_current_target(CMD_CTX);
        struct flash_bank *bank;
        struct kinetis_flash_bank *kinfo;
        uint32_t sim_fcfg1;

        if (CMD_ARGC >= 2) {
                if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "dataflash") == 0)
                        sz_type = DF_SIZE;
                else if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "eebkp") == 0)
                        sz_type = EEBKP_SIZE;

                par = strtoul(CMD_ARGV[1], NULL, 10);
                while (par >> (log2 + 3))
                        log2++;
        }
        switch (sz_type) {
        case SHOW_INFO:
                result = target_read_u32(target, SIM_FCFG1, &sim_fcfg1);
                if (result != ERROR_OK)
                        return result;

                flex_nvm_partition_code = (uint8_t)((sim_fcfg1 >> 8) & 0x0f);
                switch (flex_nvm_partition_code) {
                case 0:
                        command_print(CMD_CTX, "No EEPROM backup, data flash only");
                        break;
                case 1:
                case 2:
                case 3:
                case 4:
                case 5:
                case 6:
                        command_print(CMD_CTX, "EEPROM backup %d KB", 4 << flex_nvm_partition_code);
                        break;
                case 8:
                        command_print(CMD_CTX, "No data flash, EEPROM backup only");
                        break;
                case 0x9:
                case 0xA:
                case 0xB:
                case 0xC:
                case 0xD:
                case 0xE:
                        command_print(CMD_CTX, "data flash %d KB", 4 << (flex_nvm_partition_code & 7));
                        break;
                case 0xf:
                        command_print(CMD_CTX, "No EEPROM backup, data flash only (DEPART not set)");
                        break;
                default:
                        command_print(CMD_CTX, "Unsupported EEPROM backup size code 0x%02" PRIx8, flex_nvm_partition_code);
                }
                return ERROR_OK;

        case DF_SIZE:
                flex_nvm_partition_code = 0x8 | log2;
                break;

        case EEBKP_SIZE:
                flex_nvm_partition_code = log2;
                break;
        }

        if (CMD_ARGC == 3)
                ee1 = ee2 = strtoul(CMD_ARGV[2], NULL, 10) / 2;
        else if (CMD_ARGC >= 4) {
                ee1 = strtoul(CMD_ARGV[2], NULL, 10);
                ee2 = strtoul(CMD_ARGV[3], NULL, 10);
        }

        enable = ee1 + ee2 > 0;
        if (enable) {
                for (log2 = 2; ; log2++) {
                        if (ee1 + ee2 == (16u << 10) >> log2)
                                break;
                        if (ee1 + ee2 > (16u << 10) >> log2 || log2 >= 9) {
                                LOG_ERROR("Unsupported EEPROM size");
                                return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
                        }
                }

                if (ee1 * 3 == ee2)
                        ee_split = 1;
                else if (ee1 * 7 == ee2)
                        ee_split = 0;
                else if (ee1 != ee2) {
                        LOG_ERROR("Unsupported EEPROM sizes ratio");
                        return ERROR_FLASH_OPERATION_FAILED;
                }

                ee_size_code = log2 | ee_split << 4;
        }

        if (CMD_ARGC >= 5)
                COMMAND_PARSE_ON_OFF(CMD_ARGV[4], enable);
        if (enable)
                load_flex_ram = 0;

        LOG_INFO("DEPART 0x%" PRIx8 ", EEPROM size code 0x%" PRIx8,
                 flex_nvm_partition_code, ee_size_code);

        result = kinetis_check_run_mode(target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        /* reset error flags */
        result = kinetis_ftfx_prepare(target);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        result = kinetis_ftfx_command(target, FTFx_CMD_PGMPART, load_flex_ram,
                                      ee_size_code, flex_nvm_partition_code, 0, 0,
                                      0, 0, 0, 0,  NULL);
        if (result != ERROR_OK)
                return result;

        command_print(CMD_CTX, "FlexNVM partition set. Please reset MCU.");

        for (i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
                bank = get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(i);
                if (bank == NULL)
                        break;

                kinfo = bank->driver_priv;
                if (kinfo && kinfo->flash_class == FC_FLEX_NVM)
                        kinfo->probed = false;  /* re-probe before next use */
        }

        command_print(CMD_CTX, "FlexNVM banks will be re-probed to set new data flash size.");
        return ERROR_OK;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_fcf_source_handler)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        if (CMD_ARGC == 1) {
                if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "write") == 0)
                        allow_fcf_writes = true;
                else if (strcmp(CMD_ARGV[0], "protection") == 0)
                        allow_fcf_writes = false;
                else
                        return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        if (allow_fcf_writes) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "Arbitrary Flash Configuration Field writes enabled.");
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "Protection info writes to FCF disabled.");
                LOG_WARNING("BEWARE: incorrect flash configuration may permanently lock the device.");
        } else {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "Protection info writes to Flash Configuration Field enabled.");
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "Arbitrary FCF writes disabled. Mode safe from unwanted locking of the device.");
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

COMMAND_HANDLER(kinetis_fopt_handler)
{
        if (CMD_ARGC > 1)
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;

        if (CMD_ARGC == 1)
                fcf_fopt = (uint8_t)strtoul(CMD_ARGV[0], NULL, 0);
        else
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "FCF_FOPT 0x%02" PRIx8, fcf_fopt);

        return ERROR_OK;
}


static const struct command_registration kinetis_security_command_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "check_security",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Check status of device security lock",
                .usage = "",
                .handler = kinetis_check_flash_security_status,
        },
        {
                .name = "halt",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Issue a halt via the MDM-AP",
                .usage = "",
                .handler = kinetis_mdm_halt,
        },
        {
                .name = "mass_erase",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Issue a complete flash erase via the MDM-AP",
                .usage = "",
                .handler = kinetis_mdm_mass_erase,
        },
        {       .name = "reset",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Issue a reset via the MDM-AP",
                .usage = "",
                .handler = kinetis_mdm_reset,
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};

static const struct command_registration kinetis_exec_command_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "mdm",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .help = "MDM-AP command group",
                .usage = "",
                .chain = kinetis_security_command_handlers,
        },
        {
                .name = "disable_wdog",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Disable the watchdog timer",
                .usage = "",
                .handler = kinetis_disable_wdog_handler,
        },
        {
                .name = "nvm_partition",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Show/set data flash or EEPROM backup size in kilobytes,"
                        " set two EEPROM sizes in bytes and FlexRAM loading during reset",
                .usage = "('info'|'dataflash' size|'eebkp' size) [eesize1 eesize2] ['on'|'off']",
                .handler = kinetis_nvm_partition,
        },
        {
                .name = "fcf_source",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "Use protection as a source for Flash Configuration Field or allow writing arbitrary values to the FCF"
                        " Mode 'protection' is safe from unwanted locking of the device.",
                .usage = "['protection'|'write']",
                .handler = kinetis_fcf_source_handler,
        },
        {
                .name = "fopt",
                .mode = COMMAND_EXEC,
                .help = "FCF_FOPT value source in 'kinetis fcf_source protection' mode",
                .usage = "[num]",
                .handler = kinetis_fopt_handler,
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};

static const struct command_registration kinetis_command_handler[] = {
        {
                .name = "kinetis",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .help = "Kinetis flash controller commands",
                .usage = "",
                .chain = kinetis_exec_command_handlers,
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};



struct flash_driver kinetis_flash = {
        .name = "kinetis",
        .commands = kinetis_command_handler,
        .flash_bank_command = kinetis_flash_bank_command,
        .erase = kinetis_erase,
        .protect = kinetis_protect,
        .write = kinetis_write,
        .read = default_flash_read,
        .probe = kinetis_probe,
        .auto_probe = kinetis_auto_probe,
        .erase_check = kinetis_blank_check,
        .protect_check = kinetis_protect_check,
        .info = kinetis_info,
};