AT91SAM9 NAND flash driver.

[openocd.git] / src / flash / nand / at91sam9.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 by Dean Glazeski
 * dnglaze@gmail.com
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 */
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <target/arm.h>
#include <helper/log.h>
#include "imp.h"
#include "arm_io.h"

#define AT91C_PIOx_SODR (0x30) /**< Offset to PIO SODR. */
#define AT91C_PIOx_CODR (0x34) /**< Offset to PIO CODR. */
#define AT91C_PIOx_PDSR (0x3C) /**< Offset to PIO PDSR. */
#define AT91C_ECCx_CR (0x00) /**< Offset to ECC CR. */
#define AT91C_ECCx_SR (0x08) /**< Offset to ECC SR. */
#define AT91C_ECCx_PR (0x0C) /**< Offset to ECC PR. */
#define AT91C_ECCx_NPR (0x10) /**< Offset to ECC NPR. */

/**
 * Representation of a pin on an AT91SAM9 chip.
 */
struct at91sam9_pin {
        /** Target this pin is on. */
        struct target *target;

        /** Address of the PIO controller. */
        uint32_t pioc;

        /** Pin number. */
        uint32_t num;
};

/**
 * Private data for the controller that is stored in the NAND device structure.
 */
struct at91sam9_nand {
        /** Target the NAND is attached to. */
        struct target *target;

        /** Address of the ECC controller for NAND. */
        uint32_t ecc;

        /** Address data is written to. */
        uint32_t data;

        /** Address commands are written to. */
        uint32_t cmd;

        /** Address addresses are written to. */
        uint32_t addr;

        /** I/O structure for hosted reads/writes. */
        struct arm_nand_data io;

        /** Pin representing the ready/~busy line. */
        struct at91sam9_pin busy;

        /** Pin representing the chip enable. */
        struct at91sam9_pin ce;
};

/**
 * Checks if the target is halted and prints an error message if it isn't.
 *
 * @param target Target to be checked.
 * @param label String label for where function is called from.
 * @return True if the target is halted.
 */
static int at91sam9_halted(struct target *target, const char *label)
{
        if (target->state == TARGET_HALTED)
                return true;

        LOG_ERROR("Target must be halted to use NAND controller (%s)", label);
        return false;
}

/**
 * Initialize the AT91SAM9 NAND controller.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device the controller is attached to.
 * @return Success or failure of initialization.
 */
static int at91sam9_init(struct nand_device *nand)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct target *target = info->target;

        if (!at91sam9_halted(target, "init")) {
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/**
 * Enable NAND device attached to a controller.
 *
 * @param info NAND controller information for controlling NAND device.
 * @return Success or failure of the enabling.
 */
static int at91sam9_enable(struct at91sam9_nand *info)
{
        struct target *target = info->target;

        return target_write_u32(target, info->ce.pioc + AT91C_PIOx_CODR, 1 << info->ce.num);
}

/**
 * Disable NAND device attached to a controller.
 *
 * @param info NAND controller information for controlling NAND device.
 * @return Success or failure of the disabling.
 */
static int at91sam9_disable(struct at91sam9_nand *info)
{
        struct target *target = info->target;

        return target_write_u32(target, info->ce.pioc + AT91C_PIOx_SODR, 1 << info->ce.num);
}

/**
 * Send a command to the NAND device.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to write the command to.
 * @param command Command to be written.
 * @return Success or failure of writing the command.
 */
static int at91sam9_command(struct nand_device *nand, uint8_t command)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct target *target = info->target;

        if (!at91sam9_halted(target, "command")) {
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        at91sam9_enable(info);

        return target_write_u8(target, info->cmd, command);
}

/**
 * Reset the AT91SAM9 NAND controller.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to be reset.
 * @return Success or failure of reset.
 */
static int at91sam9_reset(struct nand_device *nand)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;

        if (!at91sam9_halted(info->target, "reset")) {
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        return at91sam9_disable(info);
}

/**
 * Send an address to the NAND device attached to an AT91SAM9 NAND controller.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to send the address to.
 * @param address Address to be sent.
 * @return Success or failure of sending the address.
 */
static int at91sam9_address(struct nand_device *nand, uint8_t address)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct target *target = info->target;

        if (!at91sam9_halted(info->target, "address")) {
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        return target_write_u8(target, info->addr, address);
}

/**
 * Read data directly from the NAND device attached to an AT91SAM9 NAND
 * controller.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to read from.
 * @param data Pointer to where the data should be put.
 * @return Success or failure of reading the data.
 */
static int at91sam9_read_data(struct nand_device *nand, void *data)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct target *target = info->target;

        if (!at91sam9_halted(info->target, "read data")) {
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        return target_read_u8(target, info->data, data);
}

/**
 * Write data directly to the NAND device attached to an AT91SAM9 NAND
 * controller.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to be written to.
 * @param data Data to be written.
 * @return Success or failure of the data write.
 */
static int at91sam9_write_data(struct nand_device *nand, uint16_t data)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct target *target = info->target;

        if (!at91sam9_halted(target, "write data")) {
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        return target_write_u8(target, info->data, data);
}

/**
 * Determine if the NAND device is ready by looking at the ready/~busy pin.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to check.
 * @param timeout Time in milliseconds to wait for NAND to be ready.
 * @return True if the NAND is ready in the timeout period.
 */
static int at91sam9_nand_ready(struct nand_device *nand, int timeout)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct target *target = info->target;
        uint32_t status;

        if (!at91sam9_halted(target, "nand ready")) {
                return 0;
        }

        do {
                target_read_u32(target, info->busy.pioc + AT91C_PIOx_PDSR, &status);

                if (status & (1 << info->busy.num)) {
                        return 1;
                }

                alive_sleep(1);
        } while (timeout-- > 0);

        return 0;
}

/**
 * Read a block of data from the NAND device attached to an AT91SAM9.  This
 * utilizes the ARM hosted NAND read function.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to read from.
 * @param data Pointer to where the read data should be placed.
 * @param size Size of the data being read.
 * @return Success or failure of the hosted read.
 */
static int at91sam9_read_block_data(struct nand_device *nand, uint8_t *data, int size)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct arm_nand_data *io = &info->io;
        int status;

        if (!at91sam9_halted(info->target, "read block")) {
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        io->chunk_size = nand->page_size;
        status = arm_nandread(io, data, size);

        return status;
}

/**
 * Write a block of data to a NAND device attached to an AT91SAM9.  This uses
 * the ARM hosted write function to write the data.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to write to.
 * @param data Data to be written to device.
 * @param size Size of the data being written.
 * @return Success or failure of the hosted write.
 */
static int at91sam9_write_block_data(struct nand_device *nand, uint8_t *data, int size)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct arm_nand_data *io = &info->io;
        int status;

        if (!at91sam9_halted(info->target, "write block")) {
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        io->chunk_size = nand->page_size;
        status = arm_nandwrite(io, data, size);

        return status;
}

/**
 * Initialize the ECC controller on the AT91SAM9.
 *
 * @param target Target to configure ECC on.
 * @param info NAND controller information for where the ECC is.
 * @return Success or failure of initialization.
 */
static int at91sam9_ecc_init(struct target *target, struct at91sam9_nand *info)
{
        if (!info->ecc) {
                LOG_ERROR("ECC controller address must be set when not reading raw NAND data");
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        // reset ECC parity registers
        return target_write_u32(target, info->ecc + AT91C_ECCx_CR, 1);
}

/**
 * Initialize an area for the OOB based on whether a user is requesting the OOB
 * data.  This determines the size of the OOB and allocates the space in case
 * the user has not requested the OOB data.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device we are creating an OOB for.
 * @param oob Pointer to the user supplied OOB area.
 * @param size Size of the OOB.
 * @return Pointer to an area to store OOB data.
 */
static uint8_t * at91sam9_oob_init(struct nand_device *nand, uint8_t *oob, uint32_t *size)
{
        if (!oob) {
                // user doesn't want OOB, allocate it
                if (nand->page_size == 512) {
                        *size = 16;
                } else if (nand->page_size == 2048) {
                        *size = 64;
                }

                oob = malloc(*size);
                if (!oob) {
                        LOG_ERROR("Unable to allocate space for OOB");
                }

                memset(oob, 0xFF, *size);
        }

        return oob;
}

/**
 * Reads a page from an AT91SAM9 NAND controller and verifies using 1-bit ECC
 * controller on chip.  This makes an attempt to correct any errors that are
 * encountered while reading the page of data.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to read from
 * @param page Page to be read.
 * @param data Pointer to where data should be read to.
 * @param data_size Size of the data to be read.
 * @param oob Pointer to where OOB data should be read to.
 * @param oob_size Size of the OOB data to be read.
 * @return Success or failure of reading the NAND page.
 */
static int at91sam9_read_page(struct nand_device *nand, uint32_t page,
                uint8_t *data, uint32_t data_size, uint8_t *oob, uint32_t oob_size)
{
        int retval;
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct target *target = info->target;
        uint8_t *oob_data;
        uint32_t status;

        retval = at91sam9_ecc_init(target, info);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval) {
                return retval;
        }

        retval = nand_page_command(nand, page, NAND_CMD_READ0, !data);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval) {
                return retval;
        }

        if (data) {
                retval = nand_read_data_page(nand, data, data_size);
                if (ERROR_OK != retval) {
                        return retval;
                }
        }

        oob_data = at91sam9_oob_init(nand, oob, &oob_size);
        retval = nand_read_data_page(nand, oob_data, oob_size);
        if (ERROR_OK == retval && data) {
                target_read_u32(target, info->ecc + AT91C_ECCx_SR, &status);
                if (status & 1) {
                        LOG_ERROR("Error detected!");
                        if (status & 4) {
                                LOG_ERROR("Multiple errors encountered; unrecoverable!");
                        } else {
                                // attempt recovery
                                uint32_t parity;

                                target_read_u32(target, info->ecc + AT91C_ECCx_PR, &parity);
                                uint32_t word = (parity & 0x0000FFF0) >> 4;
                                uint32_t bit = parity & 0x0F;

                                data[word] ^= (0x1) << bit;
                                LOG_INFO("Data word %d, bit %d corrected.", word, bit);
                        }
                }

                if (status & 2) {
                        // we could write back correct ECC data
                        LOG_ERROR("Error in ECC bytes detected");
                }
        }

        if (!oob) {
                // if it wasn't asked for, free it
                free(oob_data);
        }

        return retval;
}

/**
 * Write a page of data including 1-bit ECC information to a NAND device
 * attached to an AT91SAM9 controller.  If there is OOB data to be written,
 * this will ignore the computed ECC from the ECC controller.
 *
 * @param nand NAND device to write to.
 * @param page Page to write.
 * @param data Pointer to data being written.
 * @param data_size Size of the data being written.
 * @param oob Pointer to OOB data being written.
 * @param oob_size Size of the OOB data.
 * @return Success or failure of the page write.
 */
static int at91sam9_write_page(struct nand_device *nand, uint32_t page,
                uint8_t *data, uint32_t data_size, uint8_t *oob, uint32_t oob_size)
{
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = nand->controller_priv;
        struct target *target = info->target;
        int retval;
        uint8_t *oob_data = oob;
        uint32_t parity, nparity;

        retval = at91sam9_ecc_init(target, info);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval) {
                return retval;
        }

        retval = nand_page_command(nand, page, NAND_CMD_SEQIN, !data);
        if (ERROR_OK != retval) {
                return retval;
        }

        if (data) {
                retval = nand_write_data_page(nand, data, data_size);
                if (ERROR_OK != retval) {
                        LOG_ERROR("Unable to write data to NAND device");
                        return retval;
                }
        }

        oob_data = at91sam9_oob_init(nand, oob, &oob_size);

        if (!oob) {
                // no OOB given, so read in the ECC parity from the ECC controller
                target_read_u32(target, info->ecc + AT91C_ECCx_PR, &parity);
                target_read_u32(target, info->ecc + AT91C_ECCx_NPR, &nparity);

                oob_data[0] = (uint8_t) parity;
                oob_data[1] = (uint8_t) (parity >> 8);
                oob_data[2] = (uint8_t) nparity;
                oob_data[3] = (uint8_t) (nparity >> 8);
        }

        retval = nand_write_data_page(nand, oob_data, oob_size);

        if (!oob) {
                free(oob_data);
        }

        if (ERROR_OK != retval) {
                LOG_ERROR("Unable to write OOB data to NAND");
                return retval;
        }

        retval = nand_write_finish(nand);

        return retval;
}

/**
 * Handle the initial NAND device command for AT91SAM9 controllers.  This
 * initializes much of the controller information struct to be ready for future
 * reads and writes.
 */
NAND_DEVICE_COMMAND_HANDLER(at91sam9_nand_device_command)
{
        struct target *target = NULL;
        unsigned long chip = 0, ecc = 0;
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = NULL;

        LOG_DEBUG("AT91SAM9 NAND Device Command\n");

        if (CMD_ARGC < 3 || CMD_ARGC > 4) {
                LOG_ERROR("parameters: %s target chip_addr", CMD_ARGV[0]);
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        target = get_target(CMD_ARGV[1]);
        if (!target) {
                LOG_ERROR("invalid target: %s", CMD_ARGV[1]);
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(ulong, CMD_ARGV[2], chip);
        if (chip == 0) {
                LOG_ERROR("invalid NAND chip address: %s", CMD_ARGV[2]);
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        if (CMD_ARGC == 4) {
                COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(ulong, CMD_ARGV[3], ecc);
                if (ecc == 0) {
                        LOG_ERROR("invalid ECC controller address: %s", CMD_ARGV[3]);
                        return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
                }
        }

        info = calloc(1, sizeof(*info));
        if (!info) {
                LOG_ERROR("unable to allocate space for controller private data");
                return ERROR_NAND_OPERATION_FAILED;
        }

        info->target = target;
        info->data = chip;
        info->cmd = chip | (1 << 22);
        info->addr = chip | (1 << 21);
        info->ecc = ecc;

        nand->controller_priv = info;
        info->io.target = target;
        info->io.data = info->data;
        info->io.op = ARM_NAND_NONE;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/**
 * Handle the AT91SAM9 CLE command for specifying the address line to use for
 * writing commands to a NAND device.
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_at91sam9_cle_command)
{
        struct nand_device *nand = NULL;
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = NULL;
        unsigned num, address_line;

        if (CMD_ARGC != 2) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "incorrect number of arguments for 'at91sam9 cle' command");
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], num);
        nand = get_nand_device_by_num(num);
        if (!nand) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "invalid nand device number: %s", CMD_ARGV[0]);
                return ERROR_OK;
        }

        info = nand->controller_priv;

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], address_line);
        info->cmd = info->data | (1 << address_line);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/**
 * Handle the AT91SAM9 ALE command for specifying the address line to use for
 * writing addresses to the NAND device.
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_at91sam9_ale_command)
{
        struct nand_device *nand = NULL;
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = NULL;
        unsigned num, address_line;

        if (CMD_ARGC != 2) {
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], num);
        nand = get_nand_device_by_num(num);
        if (!nand) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "invalid nand device number: %s", CMD_ARGV[0]);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        }

        info = nand->controller_priv;

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], address_line);
        info->addr = info->data | (1 << address_line);

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/**
 * Handle the AT91SAM9 RDY/~BUSY command for specifying the pin that watches the
 * RDY/~BUSY line from the NAND device.
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_at91sam9_rdy_busy_command)
{
        struct nand_device *nand = NULL;
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = NULL;
        unsigned num, base_pioc, pin_num;

        if (CMD_ARGC != 3) {
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], num);
        nand = get_nand_device_by_num(num);
        if (!nand) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "invalid nand device number: %s", CMD_ARGV[0]);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        }

        info = nand->controller_priv;

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], base_pioc);
        info->busy.pioc = base_pioc;

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[2], pin_num);
        info->busy.num = pin_num;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/**
 * Handle the AT91SAM9 CE command for specifying the pin that is used to enable
 * or disable the NAND device.
 */
COMMAND_HANDLER(handle_at91sam9_ce_command)
{
        struct nand_device *nand = NULL;
        struct at91sam9_nand *info = NULL;
        unsigned num, base_pioc, pin_num;

        if (CMD_ARGC != 3) {
                return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
        }

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[0], num);
        nand = get_nand_device_by_num(num);
        if (!nand) {
                command_print(CMD_CTX, "invalid nand device number: %s", CMD_ARGV[0]);
                return ERROR_COMMAND_ARGUMENT_INVALID;
        }

        info = nand->controller_priv;

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[1], base_pioc);
        info->ce.pioc = base_pioc;

        COMMAND_PARSE_NUMBER(uint, CMD_ARGV[2], pin_num);
        info->ce.num = pin_num;

        return ERROR_OK;
}

static const struct command_registration at91sam9_sub_command_handlers[] = {
        {
                .name = "cle",
                .handler = handle_at91sam9_cle_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
                .help = "set command latch enable address line (default is 22)",
                .usage = "<device_id> <address_line>",
        },
        {
                .name = "ale",
                .handler = handle_at91sam9_ale_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
                .help = "set address latch enable address line (default is 21)",
                .usage = "<device_id> <address_line>",
        },
        {
                .name = "rdy_busy",
                .handler = handle_at91sam9_rdy_busy_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
                .help = "set the input pin connected to RDY/~BUSY signal (no default)",
                .usage = "<device_id> <base_pioc> <pin_num>",
        },
        {
                .name = "ce",
                .handler = handle_at91sam9_ce_command,
                .mode = COMMAND_CONFIG,
                .help = "set the output pin connected to chip enable signal (no default)",
                .usage = "<device_id> <base_pioc> <pin_num>",
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};

static const struct command_registration at91sam9_command_handler[] = {
        {
                .name = "at91sam9",
                .mode = COMMAND_ANY,
                .help = "AT91SAM9 NAND flash controller commands",
                .chain = at91sam9_sub_command_handlers,
        },
        COMMAND_REGISTRATION_DONE
};

/**
 * Structure representing the AT91SAM9 NAND controller.
 */
struct nand_flash_controller at91sam9_nand_controller = {
        .name = "at91sam9",
        .nand_device_command = at91sam9_nand_device_command,
        .commands = at91sam9_command_handler,
        .init = at91sam9_init,
        .command = at91sam9_command,
        .reset = at91sam9_reset,
        .address = at91sam9_address,
        .read_data = at91sam9_read_data,
        .write_data = at91sam9_write_data,
        .nand_ready = at91sam9_nand_ready,
        .read_block_data = at91sam9_read_block_data,
        .write_block_data = at91sam9_write_block_data,
        .read_page = at91sam9_read_page,
        .write_page = at91sam9_write_page,
};