1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
3 @setfilename openocd.info
4 @settitle Open On-Chip Debugger (OpenOCD)
5 @dircategory Development
8 * OpenOCD: (openocd). Open On-Chip Debugger.
17 @item Copyright @copyright{} 2008 The OpenOCD Project
18 @item Copyright @copyright{} 2007-2008 Spencer Oliver @email{spen@@spen-soft.co.uk}
19 @item Copyright @copyright{} 2008 Oyvind Harboe @email{oyvind.harboe@@zylin.com}
20 @item Copyright @copyright{} 2008 Duane Ellis @email{openocd@@duaneellis.com}
24 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
25 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
26 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
27 Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
28 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
29 Free Documentation License''.
34 @title Open On-Chip Debugger (OpenOCD)
35 @subtitle Edition @value{EDITION} for OpenOCD version @value{VERSION}
36 @subtitle @value{UPDATED}
38 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
45 @node Top, About, , (dir)
48 This manual documents edition @value{EDITION} of the Open On-Chip Debugger
49 (OpenOCD) version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}.
54 * About:: About OpenOCD
55 * Developers:: OpenOCD Developers
56 * Building OpenOCD:: Building OpenOCD From SVN
57 * JTAG Hardware Dongles:: JTAG Hardware Dongles
58 * Running:: Running OpenOCD
59 * Simple Configuration Files:: Simple Configuration Files
60 * Config File Guidelines:: Config File Guidelines
61 * About JIM-Tcl:: About JIM-Tcl
62 * Daemon Configuration:: Daemon Configuration
63 * Interface - Dongle Configuration:: Interface - Dongle Configuration
64 * Reset Configuration:: Reset Configuration
65 * Tap Creation:: Tap Creation
66 * Target Configuration:: Target Configuration
67 * Flash Configuration:: Flash Configuration
68 * NAND Flash Commands:: NAND Flash Commands
69 * General Commands:: General Commands
70 * JTAG Commands:: JTAG Commands
71 * Sample Scripts:: Sample Target Scripts
73 * GDB and OpenOCD:: Using GDB and OpenOCD
74 * Tcl Scripting API:: Tcl Scripting API
75 * Upgrading:: Deprecated/Removed Commands
76 * Target Library:: Target Library
77 * FAQ:: Frequently Asked Questions
78 * Tcl Crash Course:: Tcl Crash Course
79 * License:: GNU Free Documentation License
80 @comment DO NOT use the plain word ``Index'', reason: CYGWIN filename
81 @comment case issue with ``Index.html'' and ``index.html''
82 @comment Occurs when creating ``--html --no-split'' output
83 @comment This fix is based on: http://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2006-05/msg00215.html
84 * OpenOCD Concept Index:: Concept Index
85 * OpenOCD Command Index:: Command Index
92 OpenOCD was created by Dominic Rath as part of a diploma thesis written at the
93 University of Applied Sciences Augsburg (@uref{http://www.fh-augsburg.de}).
94 Since that time, the project has grown into an active open-source project,
95 supported by a diverse community of software and hardware developers from
98 @section What is OpenOCD?
100 The Open On-Chip Debugger (OpenOCD) aims to provide debugging,
101 in-system programming and boundary-scan testing for embedded target
104 @b{JTAG:} OpenOCD uses a ``hardware interface dongle'' to communicate
105 with the JTAG (IEEE 1149.1) compliant taps on your target board.
107 @b{Dongles:} OpenOCD currently supports many types of hardware dongles: USB
108 based, parallel port based, and other standalone boxes that run
109 OpenOCD internally. @xref{JTAG Hardware Dongles}.
111 @b{GDB Debug:} It allows ARM7 (ARM7TDMI and ARM720t), ARM9 (ARM920T,
112 ARM922T, ARM926EJ--S, ARM966E--S), XScale (PXA25x, IXP42x) and
113 Cortex-M3 (Luminary Stellaris LM3 and ST STM32) based cores to be
114 debugged via the GDB protocol.
116 @b{Flash Programing:} Flash writing is supported for external CFI
117 compatible NOR flashes (Intel and AMD/Spansion command set) and several
118 internal flashes (LPC2000, AT91SAM7, STR7x, STR9x, LM3, and
119 STM32x). Preliminary support for various NAND flash controllers
120 (LPC3180, Orion, S3C24xx, more) controller is included.
122 @section OpenOCD Web Site
124 The OpenOCD web site provides the latest public news from the community:
126 @uref{http://openocd.berlios.de/web/}
130 @chapter OpenOCD Developer Resources
133 If you are interested in improving the state of OpenOCD's debugging and
134 testing support, new contributions will be welcome. Motivated developers
135 can produce new target, flash or interface drivers, improve the
136 documentation, as well as more conventional bug fixes and enhancements.
138 The resources in this chapter are available for developers wishing to explore
139 or expand the OpenOCD source code.
141 @section OpenOCD Subversion Repository
143 The ``Building From Source'' section provides instructions to retrieve
144 and and build the latest version of the OpenOCD source code.
145 @xref{Building OpenOCD}.
147 Developers that want to contribute patches to the OpenOCD system are
148 @b{strongly} encouraged to base their work off of the most recent trunk
149 revision. Patches created against older versions may require additional
150 work from their submitter in order to be updated for newer releases.
152 @section Doxygen Developer Manual
154 During the development of the 0.2.0 release, the OpenOCD project began
155 providing a Doxygen reference manual. This document contains more
156 technical information about the software internals, development
157 processes, and similar documentation:
159 @uref{http://openocd.berlios.de/doc/doxygen/index.html}
161 This document is a work-in-progress, but contributions would be welcome
162 to fill in the gaps. All of the source files are provided in-tree,
163 listed in the Doxyfile configuration in the top of the repository trunk.
165 @section OpenOCD Developer Mailing List
167 The OpenOCD Developer Mailing List provides the primary means of
168 communication between developers:
170 @uref{https://lists.berlios.de/mailman/listinfo/openocd-development}
172 All drivers developers are enouraged to also subscribe to the list of
173 SVN commits to keep pace with the ongoing changes:
175 @uref{https://lists.berlios.de/mailman/listinfo/openocd-svn}
177 @node Building OpenOCD
178 @chapter Building OpenOCD
181 @section Pre-Built Tools
182 If you are interested in getting actual work done rather than building
183 OpenOCD, then check if your interface supplier provides binaries for
184 you. Chances are that that binary is from some SVN version that is more
185 stable than SVN trunk where bleeding edge development takes place.
187 @section Packagers Please Read!
189 You are a @b{PACKAGER} of OpenOCD if you
192 @item @b{Sell dongles} and include pre-built binaries
193 @item @b{Supply tools} i.e.: A complete development solution
194 @item @b{Supply IDEs} like Eclipse, or RHIDE, etc.
195 @item @b{Build packages} i.e.: RPM files, or DEB files for a Linux Distro
198 As a @b{PACKAGER}, you will experience first reports of most issues.
199 When you fix those problems for your users, your solution may help
200 prevent hundreds (if not thousands) of other questions from other users.
202 If something does not work for you, please work to inform the OpenOCD
203 developers know how to improve the system or documentation to avoid
204 future problems, and follow-up to help us ensure the issue will be fully
205 resolved in our future releases.
207 That said, the OpenOCD developers would also like you to follow a few
211 @item @b{Always build with printer ports enabled.}
212 @item @b{Try to use LIBFTDI + LIBUSB where possible. You cover more bases.}
216 @item @b{Why YES to LIBFTDI + LIBUSB?}
218 @item @b{LESS} work - libusb perhaps already there
219 @item @b{LESS} work - identical code, multiple platforms
220 @item @b{MORE} dongles are supported
221 @item @b{MORE} platforms are supported
222 @item @b{MORE} complete solution
224 @item @b{Why not LIBFTDI + LIBUSB} (i.e.: ftd2xx instead)?
226 @item @b{LESS} speed - some say it is slower
227 @item @b{LESS} complex to distribute (external dependencies)
231 @section Building From Source
233 You can download the current SVN version with an SVN client of your choice from the
234 following repositories:
236 @uref{svn://svn.berlios.de/openocd/trunk}
240 @uref{http://svn.berlios.de/svnroot/repos/openocd/trunk}
242 Using the SVN command line client, you can use the following command to fetch the
243 latest version (make sure there is no (non-svn) directory called "openocd" in the
247 svn checkout svn://svn.berlios.de/openocd/trunk openocd
250 Building OpenOCD requires a recent version of the GNU autotools (autoconf >= 2.59 and automake >= 1.9).
251 For building on Windows,
252 you have to use Cygwin. Make sure that your @env{PATH} environment variable contains no
253 other locations with Unix utils (like UnxUtils) - these can't handle the Cygwin
254 paths, resulting in obscure dependency errors (This is an observation I've gathered
255 from the logs of one user - correct me if I'm wrong).
257 You further need the appropriate driver files, if you want to build support for
258 a FTDI FT2232 based interface:
261 @item @b{ftdi2232} libftdi (@uref{http://www.intra2net.com/opensource/ftdi/})
262 @item @b{ftd2xx} libftd2xx (@uref{http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/D2XX.htm})
263 @item When using the Amontec JTAGkey, you have to get the drivers from the Amontec
264 homepage (@uref{http://www.amontec.com}), as the JTAGkey uses a non-standard VID/PID.
267 libftdi is supported under Windows. Do not use versions earlier than 0.14.
269 In general, the D2XX driver provides superior performance (several times as fast),
270 but has the draw-back of being binary-only - though that isn't that bad, as it isn't
271 a kernel module, only a user space library.
273 To build OpenOCD (on both Linux and Cygwin), use the following commands:
279 Bootstrap generates the configure script, and prepares building on your system.
282 ./configure [options, see below]
285 Configure generates the Makefiles used to build OpenOCD.
292 Make builds OpenOCD, and places the final executable in ./src/, the last step, ``make install'' is optional.
294 The configure script takes several options, specifying which JTAG interfaces
295 should be included (among other things):
299 @option{--enable-parport} - Enable building the PC parallel port driver.
301 @option{--enable-parport_ppdev} - Enable use of ppdev (/dev/parportN) for parport.
303 @option{--enable-parport_giveio} - Enable use of giveio for parport instead of ioperm.
305 @option{--enable-amtjtagaccel} - Enable building the Amontec JTAG-Accelerator driver.
307 @option{--enable-ecosboard} - Enable building support for eCosBoard based JTAG debugger.
309 @option{--enable-ioutil} - Enable ioutil functions - useful for standalone OpenOCD implementations.
311 @option{--enable-httpd} - Enable builtin httpd server - useful for standalone OpenOCD implementations.
313 @option{--enable-ep93xx} - Enable building support for EP93xx based SBCs.
315 @option{--enable-at91rm9200} - Enable building support for AT91RM9200 based SBCs.
317 @option{--enable-gw16012} - Enable building support for the Gateworks GW16012 JTAG programmer.
319 @option{--enable-ft2232_ftd2xx} - Numerous USB type ARM JTAG dongles use the FT2232C chip from this FTDICHIP.COM chip (closed source).
321 @option{--enable-ft2232_libftdi} - An open source (free) alternative to FTDICHIP.COM ftd2xx solution (Linux, MacOS, Cygwin).
323 @option{--with-ftd2xx-win32-zipdir=PATH} - If using FTDICHIP.COM ft2232c, point at the directory where the Win32 FTDICHIP.COM 'CDM' driver zip file was unpacked.
325 @option{--with-ftd2xx-linux-tardir=PATH} - Linux only. Equivalent of @option{--with-ftd2xx-win32-zipdir}, where you unpacked the TAR.GZ file.
327 @option{--with-ftd2xx-lib=shared|static} - Linux only. Default: static. Specifies how the FTDICHIP.COM libftd2xx driver should be linked. Note: 'static' only works in conjunction with @option{--with-ftd2xx-linux-tardir}. The 'shared' value is supported (12/26/2008), however you must manually install the required header files and shared libraries in an appropriate place. This uses ``libusb'' internally.
329 @option{--enable-presto_libftdi} - Enable building support for ASIX Presto programmer using the libftdi driver.
331 @option{--enable-presto_ftd2xx} - Enable building support for ASIX Presto programmer using the FTD2XX driver.
333 @option{--enable-usbprog} - Enable building support for the USBprog JTAG programmer.
335 @option{--enable-oocd_trace} - Enable building support for the OpenOCD+trace ETM capture device.
337 @option{--enable-jlink} - Enable building support for the Segger J-Link JTAG programmer.
339 @option{--enable-vsllink} - Enable building support for the Versaloon-Link JTAG programmer.
341 @option{--enable-rlink} - Enable building support for the Raisonance RLink JTAG programmer.
343 @option{--enable-arm-jtag-ew} - Enable building support for the Olimex ARM-JTAG-EW programmer.
345 @option{--enable-dummy} - Enable building the dummy port driver.
348 @section Parallel Port Dongles
350 If you want to access the parallel port using the PPDEV interface you have to specify
351 both the @option{--enable-parport} AND the @option{--enable-parport_ppdev} option since
352 the @option{--enable-parport_ppdev} option actually is an option to the parport driver
353 (see @uref{http://forum.sparkfun.com/viewtopic.php?t=3795} for more info).
355 The same is true for the @option{--enable-parport_giveio} option, you have to
356 use both the @option{--enable-parport} AND the @option{--enable-parport_giveio} option if you want to use giveio instead of ioperm parallel port access method.
358 @section FT2232C Based USB Dongles
360 There are 2 methods of using the FTD2232, either (1) using the
361 FTDICHIP.COM closed source driver, or (2) the open (and free) driver
362 libftdi. Some claim the (closed) FTDICHIP.COM solution is faster.
364 The FTDICHIP drivers come as either a (win32) ZIP file, or a (Linux)
365 TAR.GZ file. You must unpack them ``some where'' convient. As of this
366 writing (12/26/2008) FTDICHIP does not supply means to install these
367 files ``in an appropriate place'' As a result, there are two
368 ``./configure'' options that help.
370 Below is an example build process:
372 1) Check out the latest version of ``openocd'' from SVN.
374 2) Download & unpack either the Windows or Linux FTD2xx drivers
375 (@uref{http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/D2XX.htm}).
378 /home/duane/ftd2xx.win32 => the Cygwin/Win32 ZIP file contents.
379 /home/duane/libftd2xx0.4.16 => the Linux TAR.GZ file contents.
382 3) Configure with these options:
385 Cygwin FTDICHIP solution:
386 ./configure --prefix=/home/duane/mytools \
387 --enable-ft2232_ftd2xx \
388 --with-ftd2xx-win32-zipdir=/home/duane/ftd2xx.win32
390 Linux FTDICHIP solution:
391 ./configure --prefix=/home/duane/mytools \
392 --enable-ft2232_ftd2xx \
393 --with-ft2xx-linux-tardir=/home/duane/libftd2xx0.4.16
395 Cygwin/Linux LIBFTDI solution:
397 1a) For Windows: The Windows port of LIBUSB is in place.
398 1b) For Linux: libusb has been built/installed and is in place.
400 2) And libftdi has been built and installed
401 Note: libftdi - relies upon libusb.
403 ./configure --prefix=/home/duane/mytools \
404 --enable-ft2232_libftdi
408 4) Then just type ``make'', and perhaps ``make install''.
411 @section Miscellaneous Configure Options
415 @option{--disable-option-checking} - Ignore unrecognized @option{--enable} and @option{--with} options.
417 @option{--enable-gccwarnings} - Enable extra gcc warnings during build.
420 @option{--enable-release} - Enable building of an OpenOCD release, generally
421 this is for developers. It simply omits the svn version string when the
422 openocd @option{-v} is executed.
425 @node JTAG Hardware Dongles
426 @chapter JTAG Hardware Dongles
435 Defined: @b{dongle}: A small device that plugins into a computer and serves as
436 an adapter .... [snip]
438 In the OpenOCD case, this generally refers to @b{a small adapater} one
439 attaches to your computer via USB or the Parallel Printer Port. The
440 execption being the Zylin ZY1000 which is a small box you attach via
441 an ethernet cable. The Zylin ZY1000 has the advantage that it does not
442 require any drivers to be installed on the developer PC. It also has
443 a built in web interface. It supports RTCK/RCLK or adaptive clocking
444 and has a built in relay to power cycle targets remotely.
447 @section Choosing a Dongle
449 There are three things you should keep in mind when choosing a dongle.
452 @item @b{Voltage} What voltage is your target? 1.8, 2.8, 3.3, or 5V? Does your dongle support it?
453 @item @b{Connection} Printer Ports - Does your computer have one?
454 @item @b{Connection} Is that long printer bit-bang cable practical?
455 @item @b{RTCK} Do you require RTCK? Also known as ``adaptive clocking''
458 @section Stand alone Systems
460 @b{ZY1000} See: @url{http://www.zylin.com/zy1000.html} Technically, not a
461 dongle, but a standalone box. The ZY1000 has the advantage that it does
462 not require any drivers installed on the developer PC. It also has
463 a built in web interface. It supports RTCK/RCLK or adaptive clocking
464 and has a built in relay to power cycle targets remotely.
466 @section USB FT2232 Based
468 There are many USB JTAG dongles on the market, many of them are based
469 on a chip from ``Future Technology Devices International'' (FTDI)
470 known as the FTDI FT2232.
472 See: @url{http://www.ftdichip.com} or @url{http://www.ftdichip.com/Products/FT2232H.htm}
474 As of 28/Nov/2008, the following are supported:
478 @* Link @url{http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~hhoegl/proj/usbjtag/usbjtag.html}
480 @* See: @url{http://www.amontec.com/jtagkey.shtml}
482 @* See: @url{http://www.oocdlink.com} By Joern Kaipf
484 @* See: @url{http://www.signalyzer.com}
485 @item @b{evb_lm3s811}
486 @* See: @url{http://www.luminarymicro.com} - The Luminary Micro Stellaris LM3S811 eval board has an FTD2232C chip built in.
487 @item @b{olimex-jtag}
488 @* See: @url{http://www.olimex.com}
490 @* See: @url{http://www.tincantools.com}
491 @item @b{turtelizer2}
492 @* See: @url{http://www.ethernut.de}, or @url{http://www.ethernut.de/en/hardware/turtelizer/index.html}
494 @* Link: @url{http://www.hitex.com/index.php?id=383}
496 @* Link @url{http://www.hitex.com/stm32-stick}
497 @item @b{axm0432_jtag}
498 @* Axiom AXM-0432 Link @url{http://www.axman.com}
500 @* Link @url{http://www.hitex.com/index.php?id=cortino}
503 @section USB JLINK based
504 There are several OEM versions of the Segger @b{JLINK} adapter. It is
505 an example of a micro controller based JTAG adapter, it uses an
506 AT91SAM764 internally.
509 @item @b{ATMEL SAMICE} Only works with ATMEL chips!
510 @* Link: @url{http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=3892}
511 @item @b{SEGGER JLINK}
512 @* Link: @url{http://www.segger.com/jlink.html}
514 @* Link: @url{http://www.iar.com/website1/1.0.1.0/369/1/index.php}
517 @section USB RLINK based
518 Raisonance has an adapter called @b{RLink}. It exists in a stripped-down form on the STM32 Primer, permanently attached to the JTAG lines. It also exists on the STM32 Primer2, but that is wired for SWD and not JTAG, thus not supported.
521 @item @b{Raisonance RLink}
522 @* Link: @url{http://www.raisonance.com/products/RLink.php}
523 @item @b{STM32 Primer}
524 @* Link: @url{http://www.stm32circle.com/resources/stm32primer.php}
525 @item @b{STM32 Primer2}
526 @* Link: @url{http://www.stm32circle.com/resources/stm32primer2.php}
532 @* Link: @url{http://www.embedded-projects.net/usbprog} - which uses an Atmel MEGA32 and a UBN9604
534 @item @b{USB - Presto}
535 @* Link: @url{http://tools.asix.net/prg_presto.htm}
537 @item @b{Versaloon-Link}
538 @* Link: @url{http://www.simonqian.com/en/Versaloon}
540 @item @b{ARM-JTAG-EW}
541 @* Link: @url{http://www.olimex.com/dev/arm-jtag-ew.html}
544 @section IBM PC Parallel Printer Port Based
546 The two well known ``JTAG Parallel Ports'' cables are the Xilnx DLC5
547 and the MacGraigor Wiggler. There are many clones and variations of
552 @item @b{Wiggler} - There are many clones of this.
553 @* Link: @url{http://www.macraigor.com/wiggler.htm}
555 @item @b{DLC5} - From XILINX - There are many clones of this
556 @* Link: Search the web for: ``XILINX DLC5'' - it is no longer
557 produced, PDF schematics are easily found and it is easy to make.
559 @item @b{Amontec - JTAG Accelerator}
560 @* Link: @url{http://www.amontec.com/jtag_accelerator.shtml}
563 @* Link: @url{http://www.gateworks.com/products/avila_accessories/gw16042.php}
566 @* Link: @url{http://www.ccac.rwth-aachen.de/~michaels/index.php/hardware/armjtag}
568 @item @b{Wiggler_ntrst_inverted}
569 @* Yet another variation - See the source code, src/jtag/parport.c
571 @item @b{old_amt_wiggler}
572 @* Unknown - probably not on the market today
575 @* Link: Most likely @url{http://www.olimex.com/dev/arm-jtag.html} [another wiggler clone]
578 @* Link: @url{http://www.amontec.com/chameleon.shtml}
584 @* ispDownload from Lattice Semiconductor @url{http://www.latticesemi.com/lit/docs/devtools/dlcable.pdf}
587 @* From ST Microsystems, link:
588 @url{http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/um/7889.pdf}
589 Title: FlashLINK JTAG programing cable for PSD and uPSD
597 @* An EP93xx based Linux machine using the GPIO pins directly.
600 @* Like the EP93xx - but an ATMEL AT91RM9200 based solution using the GPIO pins on the chip.
606 @cindex running OpenOCD
608 @cindex --debug_level
612 The @option{--help} option shows:
616 --help | -h display this help
617 --version | -v display OpenOCD version
618 --file | -f use configuration file <name>
619 --search | -s dir to search for config files and scripts
620 --debug | -d set debug level <0-3>
621 --log_output | -l redirect log output to file <name>
622 --command | -c run <command>
623 --pipe | -p use pipes when talking to gdb
626 By default OpenOCD reads the file configuration file ``openocd.cfg''
627 in the current directory. To specify a different (or multiple)
628 configuration file, you can use the ``-f'' option. For example:
631 openocd -f config1.cfg -f config2.cfg -f config3.cfg
634 Once started, OpenOCD runs as a daemon, waiting for connections from
635 clients (Telnet, GDB, Other).
637 If you are having problems, you can enable internal debug messages via
640 Also it is possible to interleave commands w/config scripts using the
641 @option{-c} command line switch.
643 To enable debug output (when reporting problems or working on OpenOCD
644 itself), use the @option{-d} command line switch. This sets the
645 @option{debug_level} to "3", outputting the most information,
646 including debug messages. The default setting is "2", outputting only
647 informational messages, warnings and errors. You can also change this
648 setting from within a telnet or gdb session using @option{debug_level
649 <n>} @xref{debug_level}.
651 You can redirect all output from the daemon to a file using the
652 @option{-l <logfile>} switch.
654 Search paths for config/script files can be added to OpenOCD by using
655 the @option{-s <search>} switch. The current directory and the OpenOCD
656 target library is in the search path by default.
658 For details on the @option{-p} option. @xref{Connecting to GDB}.
660 Note! OpenOCD will launch the GDB & telnet server even if it can not
661 establish a connection with the target. In general, it is possible for
662 the JTAG controller to be unresponsive until the target is set up
663 correctly via e.g. GDB monitor commands in a GDB init script.
665 @node Simple Configuration Files
666 @chapter Simple Configuration Files
667 @cindex configuration
670 There are 4 basic ways of ``configurating'' OpenOCD to run, they are:
673 @item A small openocd.cfg file which ``sources'' other configuration files
674 @item A monolithic openocd.cfg file
675 @item Many -f filename options on the command line
676 @item Your Mixed Solution
679 @section Small configuration file method
681 This is the preferred method. It is simple and works well for many
682 people. The developers of OpenOCD would encourage you to use this
683 method. If you create a new configuration please email new
684 configurations to the development list.
686 Here is an example of an openocd.cfg file for an ATMEL at91sam7x256
689 source [find interface/signalyzer.cfg]
691 # GDB can also flash my flash!
692 gdb_memory_map enable
693 gdb_flash_program enable
695 source [find target/sam7x256.cfg]
698 There are many example configuration scripts you can work with. You
699 should look in the directory: @t{$(INSTALLDIR)/lib/openocd}. You
703 @item @b{board} - eval board level configurations
704 @item @b{interface} - specific dongle configurations
705 @item @b{target} - the target chips
706 @item @b{tcl} - helper scripts
707 @item @b{xscale} - things specific to the xscale.
710 Look first in the ``boards'' area, then the ``targets'' area. Often a board
711 configuration is a good example to work from.
713 @section Many -f filename options
714 Some believe this is a wonderful solution, others find it painful.
716 You can use a series of ``-f filename'' options on the command line,
717 OpenOCD will read each filename in sequence, for example:
720 openocd -f file1.cfg -f file2.cfg -f file2.cfg
723 You can also intermix various commands with the ``-c'' command line
726 @section Monolithic file
727 The ``Monolithic File'' dispenses with all ``source'' statements and
728 puts everything in one self contained (monolithic) file. This is not
731 Please try to ``source'' various files or use the multiple -f
734 @section Advice for you
735 Often, one uses a ``mixed approach''. Where possible, please try to
736 ``source'' common things, and if needed cut/paste parts of the
737 standard distribution configuration files as needed.
739 @b{REMEMBER:} The ``important parts'' of your configuration file are:
742 @item @b{Interface} - Defines the dongle
743 @item @b{Taps} - Defines the JTAG Taps
744 @item @b{GDB Targets} - What GDB talks to
745 @item @b{Flash Programing} - Very Helpful
748 Some key things you should look at and understand are:
751 @item The reset configuration of your debug environment as a whole
752 @item Is there a ``work area'' that OpenOCD can use?
753 @* For ARM - work areas mean up to 10x faster downloads.
754 @item For MMU/MPU based ARM chips (i.e.: ARM9 and later) will that work area still be available?
755 @item For complex targets (multiple chips) the JTAG SPEED becomes an issue.
760 @node Config File Guidelines
761 @chapter Config File Guidelines
763 This section/chapter is aimed at developers and integrators of
764 OpenOCD. These are guidelines for creating new boards and new target
765 configurations as of 28/Nov/2008.
767 However, you, the user of OpenOCD, should be somewhat familiar with
768 this section as it should help explain some of the internals of what
769 you might be looking at.
771 The user should find the following directories under @t{$(INSTALLDIR)/lib/openocd} :
775 @*Think JTAG Dongle. Files that configure the JTAG dongle go here.
777 @* Think Circuit Board, PWA, PCB, they go by many names. Board files
778 contain initialization items that are specific to a board - for
779 example: The SDRAM initialization sequence for the board, or the type
780 of external flash and what address it is found at. Any initialization
781 sequence to enable that external flash or SDRAM should be found in the
782 board file. Boards may also contain multiple targets, i.e.: Two CPUs, or
783 a CPU and an FPGA or CPLD.
785 @* Think chip. The ``target'' directory represents a JTAG tap (or
786 chip) OpenOCD should control, not a board. Two common types of targets
787 are ARM chips and FPGA or CPLD chips.
790 @b{If needed...} The user in their ``openocd.cfg'' file or the board
791 file might override a specific feature in any of the above files by
792 setting a variable or two before sourcing the target file. Or adding
793 various commands specific to their situation.
795 @section Interface Config Files
797 The user should be able to source one of these files via a command like this:
800 source [find interface/FOOBAR.cfg]
802 openocd -f interface/FOOBAR.cfg
805 A preconfigured interface file should exist for every interface in use
806 today, that said, perhaps some interfaces have only been used by the
807 sole developer who created it.
809 @b{FIXME/NOTE:} We need to add support for a variable like Tcl variable
810 tcl_platform(platform), it should be called jim_platform (because it
811 is jim, not real tcl) and it should contain 1 of 3 words: ``linux'',
812 ``cygwin'' or ``mingw''
814 Interface files should be found in @t{$(INSTALLDIR)/lib/openocd/interface}
816 @section Board Config Files
818 @b{Note: BOARD directory NEW as of 28/nov/2008}
820 The user should be able to source one of these files via a command like this:
823 source [find board/FOOBAR.cfg]
825 openocd -f board/FOOBAR.cfg
829 The board file should contain one or more @t{source [find
830 target/FOO.cfg]} statements along with any board specific things.
832 In summary the board files should contain (if present)
835 @item External flash configuration (i.e.: NOR flash on CS0, two NANDs on CS2)
836 @item SDRAM configuration (size, speed, etc.
837 @item Board specific IO configuration (i.e.: GPIO pins might disable a 2nd flash)
838 @item Multiple TARGET source statements
839 @item All things that are not ``inside a chip''
840 @item Things inside a chip go in a 'target' file
843 @section Target Config Files
845 The user should be able to source one of these files via a command like this:
848 source [find target/FOOBAR.cfg]
850 openocd -f target/FOOBAR.cfg
853 In summary the target files should contain
858 @item Reset configuration
860 @item CPU/Chip/CPU-Core specific features
864 @subsection Important variable names
866 By default, the end user should never need to set these
867 variables. However, if the user needs to override a setting they only
868 need to set the variable in a simple way.
872 @* This gives a name to the overall chip, and is used as part of the
873 tap identifier dotted name.
875 @* By default little - unless the chip or board is not normally used that way.
877 @* When OpenOCD examines the JTAG chain, it will attempt to identify
878 every chip. If the @t{-expected-id} is nonzero, OpenOCD attempts
879 to verify the tap id number verses configuration file and may issue an
880 error or warning like this. The hope is that this will help to pinpoint
881 problems in OpenOCD configurations.
884 Info: JTAG tap: sam7x256.cpu tap/device found: 0x3f0f0f0f (Manufacturer: 0x787, Part: 0xf0f0, Version: 0x3)
885 Error: ERROR: Tap: sam7x256.cpu - Expected id: 0x12345678, Got: 0x3f0f0f0f
886 Error: ERROR: expected: mfg: 0x33c, part: 0x2345, ver: 0x1
887 Error: ERROR: got: mfg: 0x787, part: 0xf0f0, ver: 0x3
890 @item @b{_TARGETNAME}
891 @* By convention, this variable is created by the target configuration
892 script. The board configuration file may make use of this variable to
893 configure things like a ``reset init'' script, or other things
894 specific to that board and that target.
896 If the chip has 2 targets, use the names @b{_TARGETNAME0},
897 @b{_TARGETNAME1}, ... etc.
899 @b{Remember:} The ``board file'' may include multiple targets.
901 At no time should the name ``target0'' (the default target name if
902 none was specified) be used. The name ``target0'' is a hard coded name
903 - the next target on the board will be some other number.
904 In the same way, avoid using target numbers even when they are
905 permitted; use the right target name(s) for your board.
907 The user (or board file) should reasonably be able to:
910 source [find target/FOO.cfg]
911 $_TARGETNAME configure ... FOO specific parameters
913 source [find target/BAR.cfg]
914 $_TARGETNAME configure ... BAR specific parameters
919 @subsection Tcl Variables Guide Line
920 The Full Tcl/Tk language supports ``namespaces'' - JIM-Tcl does not.
922 Thus the rule we follow in OpenOCD is this: Variables that begin with
923 a leading underscore are temporary in nature, and can be modified and
924 used at will within a ?TARGET? configuration file.
926 @b{EXAMPLE:} The user should be able to do this:
930 # PXA270 #1 network side, big endian
931 # PXA270 #2 video side, little endian
935 source [find target/pxa270.cfg]
936 # variable: _TARGETNAME = network.cpu
937 # other commands can refer to the "network.cpu" tap.
938 $_TARGETNAME configure .... params for this CPU..
942 source [find target/pxa270.cfg]
943 # variable: _TARGETNAME = video.cpu
944 # other commands can refer to the "video.cpu" tap.
945 $_TARGETNAME configure .... params for this CPU..
949 source [find target/spartan3.cfg]
951 # Since $_TARGETNAME is temporal..
952 # these names still work!
953 network.cpu configure ... params
954 video.cpu configure ... params
958 @subsection Default Value Boiler Plate Code
960 All target configuration files should start with this (or a modified form)
964 if @{ [info exists CHIPNAME] @} @{
965 set _CHIPNAME $CHIPNAME
967 set _CHIPNAME sam7x256
970 if @{ [info exists ENDIAN] @} @{
976 if @{ [info exists CPUTAPID ] @} @{
977 set _CPUTAPID $CPUTAPID
979 set _CPUTAPID 0x3f0f0f0f
984 @subsection Creating Taps
985 After the ``defaults'' are choosen [see above] the taps are created.
987 @b{SIMPLE example:} such as an Atmel AT91SAM7X256
991 set _TARGETNAME [format "%s.cpu" $_CHIPNAME]
992 jtag newtap $_CHIPNAME cpu -irlen 4 -ircapture 0x1 -irmask 0xf -expected-id $_CPUTAPID
997 This is an SNIP/example for an STR912 - which has 3 internal taps. Key features shown:
1000 @item @b{Unform tap names} - See: Tap Naming Convention
1001 @item @b{_TARGETNAME} is created at the end where used.
1005 if @{ [info exists FLASHTAPID ] @} @{
1006 set _FLASHTAPID $FLASHTAPID
1008 set _FLASHTAPID 0x25966041
1010 jtag newtap $_CHIPNAME flash -irlen 8 -ircapture 0x1 -irmask 0x1 -expected-id $_FLASHTAPID
1012 if @{ [info exists CPUTAPID ] @} @{
1013 set _CPUTAPID $CPUTAPID
1015 set _CPUTAPID 0x25966041
1017 jtag newtap $_CHIPNAME cpu -irlen 4 -ircapture 0xf -irmask 0xe -expected-id $_CPUTAPID
1020 if @{ [info exists BSTAPID ] @} @{
1021 set _BSTAPID $BSTAPID
1023 set _BSTAPID 0x1457f041
1025 jtag newtap $_CHIPNAME bs -irlen 5 -ircapture 0x1 -irmask 0x1 -expected-id $_BSTAPID
1027 set _TARGETNAME [format "%s.cpu" $_CHIPNAME]
1030 @b{Tap Naming Convention}
1032 See the command ``jtag newtap'' for detail, but in brief the names you should use are:
1041 @item @b{unknownN} - it happens :-(
1044 @subsection Reset Configuration
1046 Some chips have specific ways the TRST and SRST signals are
1047 managed. If these are @b{CHIP SPECIFIC} they go here, if they are
1048 @b{BOARD SPECIFIC} they go in the board file.
1050 @subsection Work Areas
1052 Work areas are small RAM areas used by OpenOCD to speed up downloads,
1053 and to download small snippets of code to program flash chips.
1055 If the chip includes a form of ``on-chip-ram'' - and many do - define
1056 a reasonable work area and use the ``backup'' option.
1058 @b{PROBLEMS:} On more complex chips, this ``work area'' may become
1059 inaccessible if/when the application code enables or disables the MMU.
1061 @subsection ARM Core Specific Hacks
1063 If the chip has a DCC, enable it. If the chip is an ARM9 with some
1064 special high speed download features - enable it.
1066 If the chip has an ARM ``vector catch'' feature - by default enable
1067 it for Undefined Instructions, Data Abort, and Prefetch Abort, if the
1068 user is really writing a handler for those situations - they can
1069 easily disable it. Experiance has shown the ``vector catch'' is
1070 helpful - for common programing errors.
1072 If present, the MMU, the MPU and the CACHE should be disabled.
1074 Some ARM cores are equipped with trace support, which permits
1075 examination of the instruction and data bus activity. Trace
1076 activity is controlled through an ``Embedded Trace Module'' (ETM)
1077 on one of the core's scan chains. The ETM emits voluminous data
1078 through a ``trace port''. The trace port is accessed in one
1079 of two ways. When its signals are pinned out from the chip,
1080 boards may provide a special high speed debugging connector;
1081 software support for this is not configured by default, use
1082 the ``--enable-oocd_trace'' option. Alternatively, trace data
1083 may be stored an on-chip SRAM which is packaged as an ``Embedded
1084 Trace Buffer'' (ETB). An ETB has its own TAP, usually right after
1085 its associated ARM core. OpenOCD supports the ETM, and your
1086 target configuration should set it up with the relevant trace
1087 port: ``etb'' for chips which use that, else the board-specific
1088 option will be either ``oocd_trace'' or ``dummy''.
1091 etm config $_TARGETNAME 16 normal full etb
1092 etb config $_TARGETNAME $_CHIPNAME.etb
1095 @subsection Internal Flash Configuration
1097 This applies @b{ONLY TO MICROCONTROLLERS} that have flash built in.
1099 @b{Never ever} in the ``target configuration file'' define any type of
1100 flash that is external to the chip. (For example a BOOT flash on
1101 Chip Select 0.) Such flash information goes in a board file - not
1102 the TARGET (chip) file.
1106 @item at91sam7x256 - has 256K flash YES enable it.
1107 @item str912 - has flash internal YES enable it.
1108 @item imx27 - uses boot flash on CS0 - it goes in the board file.
1109 @item pxa270 - again - CS0 flash - it goes in the board file.
1113 @chapter About JIM-Tcl
1117 OpenOCD includes a small ``TCL Interpreter'' known as JIM-TCL. You can
1118 learn more about JIM here: @url{http://jim.berlios.de}
1121 @item @b{JIM vs. Tcl}
1122 @* JIM-TCL is a stripped down version of the well known Tcl language,
1123 which can be found here: @url{http://www.tcl.tk}. JIM-Tcl has far
1124 fewer features. JIM-Tcl is a single .C file and a single .H file and
1125 impliments the basic Tcl command set along. In contrast: Tcl 8.6 is a
1126 4.2 MB .zip file containing 1540 files.
1128 @item @b{Missing Features}
1129 @* Our practice has been: Add/clone the real Tcl feature if/when
1130 needed. We welcome JIM Tcl improvements, not bloat.
1133 @* OpenOCD configuration scripts are JIM Tcl Scripts. OpenOCD's
1134 command interpreter today (28/nov/2008) is a mixture of (newer)
1135 JIM-Tcl commands, and (older) the orginal command interpreter.
1138 @* At the OpenOCD telnet command line (or via the GDB mon command) one
1139 can type a Tcl for() loop, set variables, etc.
1141 @item @b{Historical Note}
1142 @* JIM-Tcl was introduced to OpenOCD in spring 2008.
1144 @item @b{Need a crash course in Tcl?}
1145 @* See: @xref{Tcl Crash Course}.
1149 @node Daemon Configuration
1150 @chapter Daemon Configuration
1151 @cindex initialization
1152 The commands here are commonly found in the openocd.cfg file and are
1153 used to specify what TCP/IP ports are used, and how GDB should be
1156 @section Configuration Stage
1157 @cindex configuration stage
1158 @cindex configuration command
1160 When the OpenOCD server process starts up, it enters a
1161 @emph{configuration stage} which is the only time that
1162 certain commands, @emph{configuration commands}, may be issued.
1163 Those configuration commands include declaration of TAPs
1164 and other basic setup.
1165 The server must leave the configuration stage before it
1166 may access or activate TAPs.
1167 After it leaves this stage, configuration commands may no
1170 @deffn {Config Command} init
1171 This command terminates the configuration stage and
1172 enters the normal command mode. This can be useful to add commands to
1173 the startup scripts and commands such as resetting the target,
1174 programming flash, etc. To reset the CPU upon startup, add "init" and
1175 "reset" at the end of the config script or at the end of the OpenOCD
1176 command line using the @option{-c} command line switch.
1178 If this command does not appear in any startup/configuration file
1179 OpenOCD executes the command for you after processing all
1180 configuration files and/or command line options.
1182 @b{NOTE:} This command normally occurs at or near the end of your
1183 openocd.cfg file to force OpenOCD to ``initialize'' and make the
1184 targets ready. For example: If your openocd.cfg file needs to
1185 read/write memory on your target, @command{init} must occur before
1186 the memory read/write commands. This includes @command{nand probe}.
1189 @section TCP/IP Ports
1193 The OpenOCD server accepts remote commands in several syntaxes.
1194 Each syntax uses a different TCP/IP port, which you may specify
1195 only during configuration (before those ports are opened).
1197 @deffn {Command} gdb_port (number)
1199 Specify or query the first port used for incoming GDB connections.
1200 The GDB port for the
1201 first target will be gdb_port, the second target will listen on gdb_port + 1, and so on.
1202 When not specified during the configuration stage,
1203 the port @var{number} defaults to 3333.
1206 @deffn {Command} tcl_port (number)
1207 Specify or query the port used for a simplified RPC
1208 connection that can be used by clients to issue TCL commands and get the
1209 output from the Tcl engine.
1210 Intended as a machine interface.
1211 When not specified during the configuration stage,
1212 the port @var{number} defaults to 6666.
1215 @deffn {Command} telnet_port (number)
1216 Specify or query the
1217 port on which to listen for incoming telnet connections.
1218 This port is intended for interaction with one human through TCL commands.
1219 When not specified during the configuration stage,
1220 the port @var{number} defaults to 4444.
1223 @section GDB Configuration
1224 @anchor{GDB Configuration}
1226 @cindex GDB configuration
1227 You can reconfigure some GDB behaviors if needed.
1228 The ones listed here are static and global.
1229 @xref{Target Create}, about declaring individual targets.
1230 @xref{Target Events}, about configuring target-specific event handling.
1232 @deffn {Command} gdb_breakpoint_override <hard|soft|disable>
1233 @anchor{gdb_breakpoint_override}
1234 Force breakpoint type for gdb @command{break} commands.
1235 The raison d'etre for this option is to support GDB GUI's which don't
1236 distinguish hard versus soft breakpoints, if the default OpenOCD and
1237 GDB behaviour is not sufficient. GDB normally uses hardware
1238 breakpoints if the memory map has been set up for flash regions.
1240 This option replaces older arm7_9 target commands that addressed
1244 @deffn {Config command} gdb_detach <resume|reset|halt|nothing>
1245 Configures what OpenOCD will do when GDB detaches from the daemon.
1246 Default behaviour is @var{resume}.
1249 @deffn {Config command} gdb_flash_program <enable|disable>
1250 @anchor{gdb_flash_program}
1251 Set to @var{enable} to cause OpenOCD to program the flash memory when a
1252 vFlash packet is received.
1253 The default behaviour is @var{enable}.
1256 @deffn {Config command} gdb_memory_map <enable|disable>
1257 Set to @var{enable} to cause OpenOCD to send the memory configuration to GDB when
1258 requested. GDB will then know when to set hardware breakpoints, and program flash
1259 using the GDB load command. @command{gdb_flash_program enable} must also be enabled
1260 for flash programming to work.
1261 Default behaviour is @var{enable}.
1262 @xref{gdb_flash_program}.
1265 @deffn {Config command} gdb_report_data_abort <enable|disable>
1266 Specifies whether data aborts cause an error to be reported
1267 by GDB memory read packets.
1268 The default behaviour is @var{disable};
1269 use @var{enable} see these errors reported.
1272 @node Interface - Dongle Configuration
1273 @chapter Interface - Dongle Configuration
1274 Interface commands are normally found in an interface configuration
1275 file which is sourced by your openocd.cfg file. These commands tell
1276 OpenOCD what type of JTAG dongle you have and how to talk to it.
1277 @section Simple Complete Interface Examples
1278 @b{A Turtelizer FT2232 Based JTAG Dongle}
1282 ft2232_device_desc "Turtelizer JTAG/RS232 Adapter A"
1283 ft2232_layout turtelizer2
1284 ft2232_vid_pid 0x0403 0xbdc8
1291 @b{A Raisonance RLink}
1300 parport_cable wiggler
1305 interface arm-jtag-ew
1307 @section Interface Command
1309 The interface command tells OpenOCD what type of JTAG dongle you are
1310 using. Depending on the type of dongle, you may need to have one or
1311 more additional commands.
1315 @item @b{interface} <@var{name}>
1317 @*Use the interface driver <@var{name}> to connect to the
1318 target. Currently supported interfaces are
1323 @* PC parallel port bit-banging (Wigglers, PLD download cable, ...)
1325 @item @b{amt_jtagaccel}
1326 @* Amontec Chameleon in its JTAG Accelerator configuration connected to a PC's EPP
1330 @* FTDI FT2232 (USB) based devices using either the open-source libftdi or the binary only
1331 FTD2XX driver. The FTD2XX is superior in performance, but not available on every
1332 platform. The libftdi uses libusb, and should be portable to all systems that provide
1336 @*Cirrus Logic EP93xx based single-board computer bit-banging (in development)
1339 @* ASIX PRESTO USB JTAG programmer.
1342 @* usbprog is a freely programmable USB adapter.
1345 @* Gateworks GW16012 JTAG programmer.
1348 @* Segger jlink USB adapter
1351 @* Raisonance RLink USB adapter
1354 @* vsllink is part of Versaloon which is a versatile USB programmer.
1356 @item @b{arm-jtag-ew}
1357 @* Olimex ARM-JTAG-EW USB adapter
1358 @comment - End parameters
1360 @comment - End Interface
1362 @subsection parport options
1365 @item @b{parport_port} <@var{number}>
1366 @cindex parport_port
1367 @*Either the address of the I/O port (default: 0x378 for LPT1) or the number of
1368 the @file{/dev/parport} device
1370 When using PPDEV to access the parallel port, use the number of the parallel port:
1371 @option{parport_port 0} (the default). If @option{parport_port 0x378} is specified
1372 you may encounter a problem.
1373 @item @b{parport_cable} <@var{name}>
1374 @cindex parport_cable
1375 @*The layout of the parallel port cable used to connect to the target.
1376 Currently supported cables are
1380 The original Wiggler layout, also supported by several clones, such
1381 as the Olimex ARM-JTAG
1384 Same as original wiggler except an led is fitted on D5.
1385 @item @b{wiggler_ntrst_inverted}
1386 @cindex wiggler_ntrst_inverted
1387 Same as original wiggler except TRST is inverted.
1388 @item @b{old_amt_wiggler}
1389 @cindex old_amt_wiggler
1390 The Wiggler configuration that comes with Amontec's Chameleon Programmer. The new
1391 version available from the website uses the original Wiggler layout ('@var{wiggler}')
1394 The Amontec Chameleon's CPLD when operated in configuration mode. This is only used to
1395 program the Chameleon itself, not a connected target.
1398 The Xilinx Parallel cable III.
1401 The parallel port adapter found on the 'Karo Triton 1 Development Board'.
1402 This is also the layout used by the HollyGates design
1403 (see @uref{http://www.lartmaker.nl/projects/jtag/}).
1406 The ST Parallel cable.
1409 Same as original wiggler except SRST and TRST connections reversed and
1410 TRST is also inverted.
1413 Altium Universal JTAG cable.
1415 @item @b{parport_write_on_exit} <@var{on}|@var{off}>
1416 @cindex parport_write_on_exit
1417 @*This will configure the parallel driver to write a known value to the parallel
1418 interface on exiting OpenOCD
1421 @subsection amt_jtagaccel options
1423 @item @b{parport_port} <@var{number}>
1424 @cindex parport_port
1425 @*Either the address of the I/O port (default: 0x378 for LPT1) or the number of the
1426 @file{/dev/parport} device
1428 @subsection ft2232 options
1431 @item @b{ft2232_device_desc} <@var{description}>
1432 @cindex ft2232_device_desc
1433 @*The USB device description of the FTDI FT2232 device. If not
1434 specified, the FTDI default value is used. This setting is only valid
1435 if compiled with FTD2XX support.
1437 @b{TODO:} Confirm the following: On Windows the name needs to end with
1438 a ``space A''? Or not? It has to do with the FTD2xx driver. When must
1439 this be added and when must it not be added? Why can't the code in the
1440 interface or in OpenOCD automatically add this if needed? -- Duane.
1442 @item @b{ft2232_serial} <@var{serial-number}>
1443 @cindex ft2232_serial
1444 @*The serial number of the FTDI FT2232 device. If not specified, the FTDI default
1446 @item @b{ft2232_layout} <@var{name}>
1447 @cindex ft2232_layout
1448 @*The layout of the FT2232 GPIO signals used to control output-enables and reset
1449 signals. Valid layouts are
1452 "USBJTAG-1" layout described in the original OpenOCD diploma thesis
1454 Amontec JTAGkey and JTAGkey-Tiny
1455 @item @b{signalyzer}
1457 @item @b{olimex-jtag}
1460 American Microsystems M5960
1461 @item @b{evb_lm3s811}
1462 Luminary Micro EVB_LM3S811 as a JTAG interface (not onboard processor), no TRST or
1463 SRST signals on external connector
1466 @item @b{stm32stick}
1467 Hitex STM32 Performance Stick
1468 @item @b{flyswatter}
1469 Tin Can Tools Flyswatter
1470 @item @b{turtelizer2}
1471 egnite Software turtelizer2
1474 @item @b{axm0432_jtag}
1477 Hitex Cortino JTAG interface
1480 @item @b{ft2232_vid_pid} <@var{vid}> <@var{pid}>
1481 @*The vendor ID and product ID of the FTDI FT2232 device. If not specified, the FTDI
1482 default values are used. Multiple <@var{vid}>, <@var{pid}> pairs may be given, e.g.
1484 ft2232_vid_pid 0x0403 0xcff8 0x15ba 0x0003
1486 @item @b{ft2232_latency} <@var{ms}>
1487 @*On some systems using FT2232 based JTAG interfaces the FT_Read function call in
1488 ft2232_read() fails to return the expected number of bytes. This can be caused by
1489 USB communication delays and has proved hard to reproduce and debug. Setting the
1490 FT2232 latency timer to a larger value increases delays for short USB packets but it
1491 also reduces the risk of timeouts before receiving the expected number of bytes.
1492 The OpenOCD default value is 2 and for some systems a value of 10 has proved useful.
1495 @subsection ep93xx options
1496 @cindex ep93xx options
1497 Currently, there are no options available for the ep93xx interface.
1501 JTAG clock setup is part of system setup.
1502 It @emph{does not belong with interface setup} since any interface
1503 only knows a few of the constraints for the JTAG clock speed.
1504 Sometimes the JTAG speed is
1505 changed during the target initialization process: (1) slow at
1506 reset, (2) program the CPU clocks, (3) run fast.
1507 Both the "slow" and "fast" clock rates are functions of the
1508 oscillators used, the chip, the board design, and sometimes
1509 power management software that may be active.
1511 The speed used during reset can be adjusted using pre_reset
1512 and post_reset event handlers.
1513 @xref{Target Events}.
1515 If your system supports adaptive clocking (RTCK), configuring
1516 JTAG to use that is probably the most robust approach.
1517 However, it introduces delays to synchronize clocks; so it
1518 may not be the fastest solution.
1520 @b{NOTE:} Script writers should consider using @command{jtag_rclk}
1521 instead of @command{jtag_khz}.
1523 @deffn {Command} jtag_khz max_speed_kHz
1524 A non-zero speed is in KHZ. Hence: 3000 is 3mhz.
1525 JTAG interfaces usually support a limited number of
1526 speeds. The speed actually used won't be faster
1527 than the speed specified.
1529 As a rule of thumb, if you specify a clock rate make
1530 sure the JTAG clock is no more than @math{1/6th CPU-Clock}.
1531 This is especially true for synthesized cores (ARMxxx-S).
1533 Speed 0 (khz) selects RTCK method.
1535 If your system uses RTCK, you won't need to change the
1536 JTAG clocking after setup.
1537 Not all interfaces, boards, or targets support ``rtck''.
1538 If the interface device can not
1539 support it, an error is returned when you try to use RTCK.
1542 @defun jtag_rclk fallback_speed_kHz
1544 This Tcl proc (defined in startup.tcl) attempts to enable RTCK/RCLK.
1545 If that fails (maybe the interface, board, or target doesn't
1546 support it), falls back to the specified frequency.
1548 # Fall back to 3mhz if RTCK is not supported
1553 @node Reset Configuration
1554 @chapter Reset Configuration
1555 @cindex Reset Configuration
1557 Every system configuration may require a different reset
1558 configuration. This can also be quite confusing.
1559 Please see the various board files for examples.
1561 @b{Note} to maintainers and integrators:
1562 Reset configuration touches several things at once.
1563 Normally the board configuration file
1564 should define it and assume that the JTAG adapter supports
1565 everything that's wired up to the board's JTAG connector.
1566 However, the target configuration file could also make note
1567 of something the silicon vendor has done inside the chip,
1568 which will be true for most (or all) boards using that chip.
1569 And when the JTAG adapter doesn't support everything, the
1570 system configuration file will need to override parts of
1571 the reset configuration provided by other files.
1573 @section Types of Reset
1575 There are many kinds of reset possible through JTAG, but
1576 they may not all work with a given board and adapter.
1577 That's part of why reset configuration can be error prone.
1581 @emph{System Reset} ... the @emph{SRST} hardware signal
1582 resets all chips connected to the JTAG adapter, such as processors,
1583 power management chips, and I/O controllers. Normally resets triggered
1584 with this signal behave exactly like pressing a RESET button.
1586 @emph{JTAG TAP Reset} ... the @emph{TRST} hardware signal resets
1587 just the TAP controllers connected to the JTAG adapter.
1588 Such resets should not be visible to the rest of the system; resetting a
1589 device's the TAP controller just puts that controller into a known state.
1591 @emph{Emulation Reset} ... many devices can be reset through JTAG
1592 commands. These resets are often distinguishable from system
1593 resets, either explicitly (a "reset reason" register says so)
1594 or implicitly (not all parts of the chip get reset).
1596 @emph{Other Resets} ... system-on-chip devices often support
1597 several other types of reset.
1598 You may need to arrange that a watchdog timer stops
1599 while debugging, preventing a watchdog reset.
1600 There may be individual module resets.
1603 In the best case, OpenOCD can hold SRST, then reset
1604 the TAPs via TRST and send commands through JTAG to halt the
1605 CPU at the reset vector before the 1st instruction is executed.
1606 Then when it finally releases the SRST signal, the system is
1607 halted under debugger control before any code has executed.
1608 This is the behavior required to support the @command{reset halt}
1609 and @command{reset init} commands; after @command{reset init} a
1610 board-specific script might do things like setting up DRAM.
1611 (@xref{Reset Command}.)
1613 @section SRST and TRST Signal Issues
1615 Because SRST and TRST are hardware signals, they can have a
1616 variety of system-specific constraints. Some of the most
1621 @item @emph{Signal not available} ... Some boards don't wire
1622 SRST or TRST to the JTAG connector. Some JTAG adapters don't
1623 support such signals even if they are wired up.
1624 Use the @command{reset_config} @var{signals} options to say
1625 when one of those signals is not connected.
1626 When SRST is not available, your code might not be able to rely
1627 on controllers having been fully reset during code startup.
1629 @item @emph{Signals shorted} ... Sometimes a chip, board, or
1630 adapter will connect SRST to TRST, instead of keeping them separate.
1631 Use the @command{reset_config} @var{combination} options to say
1632 when those signals aren't properly independent.
1634 @item @emph{Timing} ... Reset circuitry like a resistor/capacitor
1635 delay circuit, reset supervisor, or on-chip features can extend
1636 the effect of a JTAG adapter's reset for some time after the adapter
1637 stops issuing the reset. For example, there may be chip or board
1638 requirements that all reset pulses last for at least a
1639 certain amount of time; and reset buttons commonly have
1640 hardware debouncing.
1641 Use the @command{jtag_nsrst_delay} and @command{jtag_ntrst_delay}
1642 commands to say when extra delays are needed.
1644 @item @emph{Drive type} ... Reset lines often have a pullup
1645 resistor, letting the JTAG interface treat them as open-drain
1646 signals. But that's not a requirement, so the adapter may need
1647 to use push/pull output drivers.
1648 Also, with weak pullups it may be advisable to drive
1649 signals to both levels (push/pull) to minimize rise times.
1650 Use the @command{reset_config} @var{trst_type} and
1651 @var{srst_type} parameters to say how to drive reset signals.
1654 There can also be other issues.
1655 Some devices don't fully conform to the JTAG specifications.
1656 Others have chip-specific extensions like extra steps needed
1657 during TAP reset, or a requirement to use the normally-optional TRST
1659 Trivial system-specific differences are common, such as
1660 SRST and TRST using slightly different names.
1662 @section Commands for Handling Resets
1664 @deffn {Command} jtag_nsrst_delay milliseconds
1665 How long (in milliseconds) OpenOCD should wait after deasserting
1666 nSRST (active-low system reset) before starting new JTAG operations.
1667 When a board has a reset button connected to SRST line it will
1668 probably have hardware debouncing, implying you should use this.
1671 @deffn {Command} jtag_ntrst_delay milliseconds
1672 How long (in milliseconds) OpenOCD should wait after deasserting
1673 nTRST (active-low JTAG TAP reset) before starting new JTAG operations.
1676 @deffn {Command} reset_config signals [combination [trst_type [srst_type]]]
1677 This command tells OpenOCD the reset configuration
1678 of your combination of JTAG interface, board, and target.
1679 If the JTAG interface provides SRST, but the board doesn't connect
1680 that signal properly, then OpenOCD can't use it. @var{signals} can
1681 be @option{none}, @option{trst_only}, @option{srst_only} or
1682 @option{trst_and_srst}.
1684 The @var{combination} is an optional value specifying broken reset
1685 signal implementations. @option{srst_pulls_trst} states that the
1686 test logic is reset together with the reset of the system (e.g. Philips
1687 LPC2000, "broken" board layout), @option{trst_pulls_srst} says that
1688 the system is reset together with the test logic (only hypothetical, I
1689 haven't seen hardware with such a bug, and can be worked around).
1690 @option{combined} implies both @option{srst_pulls_trst} and
1691 @option{trst_pulls_srst}. The default behaviour if no option given is
1694 The optional @var{trst_type} and @var{srst_type} parameters allow the
1695 driver type of the reset lines to be specified. Possible values are
1696 @option{trst_push_pull} (default) and @option{trst_open_drain} for the
1697 test reset signal, and @option{srst_open_drain} (default) and
1698 @option{srst_push_pull} for the system reset. These values only affect
1699 JTAG interfaces with support for different drivers, like the Amontec
1700 JTAGkey and JTAGAccelerator.
1705 @chapter Tap Creation
1706 @cindex tap creation
1707 @cindex tap configuration
1709 In order for OpenOCD to control a target, a JTAG tap must be
1712 Commands to create taps are normally found in a configuration file and
1713 are not normally typed by a human.
1715 When a tap is created a @b{dotted.name} is created for the tap. Other
1716 commands use that dotted.name to manipulate or refer to the tap.
1720 @item @b{Debug Target} A tap can be used by a GDB debug target
1721 @item @b{Flash Programing} Some chips program the flash directly via JTAG,
1722 instead of indirectly by making a CPU do it.
1723 @item @b{Boundry Scan} Some chips support boundary scan.
1727 @section jtag newtap
1728 @b{@t{jtag newtap CHIPNAME TAPNAME configparams ....}}
1733 @cindex tap geometry
1735 @comment START options
1738 @* is a symbolic name of the chip.
1740 @* is a symbol name of a tap present on the chip.
1741 @item @b{Required configparams}
1742 @* Every tap has 3 required configparams, and several ``optional
1743 parameters'', the required parameters are:
1744 @comment START REQUIRED
1746 @item @b{-irlen NUMBER} - the length in bits of the instruction register, mostly 4 or 5 bits.
1747 @item @b{-ircapture NUMBER} - the IDCODE capture command, usually 0x01.
1748 @item @b{-irmask NUMBER} - the corresponding mask for the IR register. For
1749 some devices, there are bits in the IR that aren't used. This lets you mask
1750 them off when doing comparisons. In general, this should just be all ones for
1752 @comment END REQUIRED
1754 An example of a FOOBAR Tap
1756 jtag newtap foobar tap -irlen 7 -ircapture 0x42 -irmask 0x55
1758 Creates the tap ``foobar.tap'' with the instruction register (IR) is 7
1759 bits long, during Capture-IR 0x42 is loaded into the IR, and bits
1760 [6,4,2,0] are checked.
1762 @item @b{Optional configparams}
1763 @comment START Optional
1765 @item @b{-expected-id NUMBER}
1766 @* By default it is zero. If non-zero represents the
1767 expected tap ID used when the JTAG chain is examined. Repeat
1768 the option as many times as required if multiple id's can be
1769 expected. See below.
1772 @* By default not specified the tap is enabled. Some chips have a
1773 JTAG route controller (JRC) that is used to enable and/or disable
1774 specific JTAG taps. You can later enable or disable any JTAG tap via
1775 the command @b{jtag tapenable DOTTED.NAME} or @b{jtag tapdisable
1777 @comment END Optional
1780 @comment END OPTIONS
1783 @comment START NOTES
1785 @item @b{Technically}
1786 @* newtap is a sub command of the ``jtag'' command
1787 @item @b{Big Picture Background}
1788 @*GDB Talks to OpenOCD using the GDB protocol via
1789 TCP/IP. OpenOCD then uses the JTAG interface (the dongle) to
1790 control the JTAG chain on your board. Your board has one or more chips
1791 in a @i{daisy chain configuration}. Each chip may have one or more
1792 JTAG taps. GDB ends up talking via OpenOCD to one of the taps.
1793 @item @b{NAME Rules}
1794 @*Names follow ``C'' symbol name rules (start with alpha ...)
1795 @item @b{TAPNAME - Conventions}
1797 @item @b{tap} - should be used only FPGA or CPLD like devices with a single tap.
1798 @item @b{cpu} - the main CPU of the chip, alternatively @b{foo.arm} and @b{foo.dsp}
1799 @item @b{flash} - if the chip has a flash tap, example: str912.flash
1800 @item @b{bs} - for boundary scan if this is a seperate tap.
1801 @item @b{etb} - for an embedded trace buffer (example: an ARM ETB11)
1802 @item @b{jrc} - for JTAG route controller (example: OMAP3530 found on Beagleboards)
1803 @item @b{unknownN} - where N is a number if you have no idea what the tap is for
1804 @item @b{Other names} - Freescale IMX31 has a SDMA (smart dma) with a JTAG tap, that tap should be called the ``sdma'' tap.
1805 @item @b{When in doubt} - use the chip maker's name in their data sheet.
1807 @item @b{DOTTED.NAME}
1808 @* @b{CHIPNAME}.@b{TAPNAME} creates the tap name, aka: the
1809 @b{Dotted.Name} is the @b{CHIPNAME} and @b{TAPNAME} combined with a
1810 dot (period); for example: @b{xilinx.tap}, @b{str912.flash},
1811 @b{omap3530.jrc}, or @b{stm32.cpu} The @b{dotted.name} is used in
1812 numerous other places to refer to various taps.
1814 @* The order this command appears via the config files is
1816 @item @b{Multi Tap Example}
1817 @* This example is based on the ST Microsystems STR912. See the ST
1818 document titled: @b{STR91xFAxxx, Section 3.15 Jtag Interface, Page:
1819 28/102, Figure 3: JTAG chaining inside the STR91xFA}.
1821 @url{http://eu.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/13495.pdf}
1822 @*@b{checked: 28/nov/2008}
1824 The diagram shows that the TDO pin connects to the flash tap, flash TDI
1825 connects to the CPU debug tap, CPU TDI connects to the boundary scan
1826 tap which then connects to the TDI pin.
1830 # create tap: 'str912.flash'
1831 jtag newtap str912 flash ... params ...
1832 # create tap: 'str912.cpu'
1833 jtag newtap str912 cpu ... params ...
1834 # create tap: 'str912.bs'
1835 jtag newtap str912 bs ... params ...
1838 @item @b{Note: Deprecated} - Index Numbers
1839 @* Prior to 28/nov/2008, JTAG taps where numbered from 0..N this
1840 feature is still present, however its use is highly discouraged and
1841 should not be counted upon. Update all of your scripts to use
1842 TAP names rather than numbers.
1843 @item @b{Multiple chips}
1844 @* If your board has multiple chips, you should be
1845 able to @b{source} two configuration files, in the proper order, and
1846 have the taps created in the proper order.
1849 @comment at command level
1850 @comment DOCUMENT old command
1851 @section jtag_device - REMOVED
1853 @b{jtag_device} <@var{IR length}> <@var{IR capture}> <@var{IR mask}> <@var{IDCODE instruction}>
1857 @* @b{Removed: 28/nov/2008} This command has been removed and replaced
1858 by the ``jtag newtap'' command. The documentation remains here so that
1859 one can easily convert the old syntax to the new syntax. About the old
1860 syntax: The old syntax is positional, i.e.: The 3rd parameter is the
1861 ``irmask''. The new syntax requires named prefixes, and supports
1862 additional options, for example ``-expected-id 0x3f0f0f0f''. Please refer to the
1863 @b{jtag newtap} command for details.
1865 OLD: jtag_device 8 0x01 0xe3 0xfe
1866 NEW: jtag newtap CHIPNAME TAPNAME -irlen 8 -ircapture 0x01 -irmask 0xe3
1869 @section Enable/Disable Taps
1870 @b{Note:} These commands are intended to be used as a machine/script
1871 interface. Humans might find the ``scan_chain'' command more helpful
1872 when querying the state of the JTAG taps.
1874 @b{By default, all taps are enabled}
1877 @item @b{jtag tapenable} @var{DOTTED.NAME}
1878 @item @b{jtag tapdisable} @var{DOTTED.NAME}
1879 @item @b{jtag tapisenabled} @var{DOTTED.NAME}
1884 @cindex route controller
1886 These commands are used when your target has a JTAG route controller
1887 that effectively adds or removes a tap from the JTAG chain in a
1890 The ``standard way'' to remove a tap would be to place the tap in
1891 bypass mode. But with the advent of modern chips, this is not always a
1892 good solution. Some taps operate slowly, others operate fast, and
1893 there are other JTAG clock synchronisation problems one must face. To
1894 solve that problem, the JTAG route controller was introduced. Rather
1895 than ``bypass'' the tap, the tap is completely removed from the
1896 circuit and skipped.
1899 From OpenOCD's point of view, a JTAG tap is in one of 3 states:
1902 @item @b{Enabled - Not In ByPass} and has a variable bit length
1903 @item @b{Enabled - In ByPass} and has a length of exactly 1 bit.
1904 @item @b{Disabled} and has a length of ZERO and is removed from the circuit.
1907 The IEEE JTAG definition has no concept of a ``disabled'' tap.
1908 @b{Historical note:} this feature was added 28/nov/2008
1910 @b{jtag tapisenabled DOTTED.NAME}
1912 This command returns 1 if the named tap is currently enabled, 0 if not.
1913 This command exists so that scripts that manipulate a JRC (like the
1914 OMAP3530 has) can determine if OpenOCD thinks a tap is presently
1915 enabled or disabled.
1918 @node Target Configuration
1919 @chapter Target Configuration
1922 This chapter discusses how to create a GDB debug target. Before
1923 creating a ``target'' a JTAG tap DOTTED.NAME must exist first.
1925 @section targets [NAME]
1926 @b{Note:} This command name is PLURAL - not singular.
1928 With NO parameter, this plural @b{targets} command lists all known
1929 targets in a human friendly form.
1931 With a parameter, this plural @b{targets} command sets the current
1932 target to the given name. (i.e.: If there are multiple debug targets)
1937 CmdName Type Endian ChainPos State
1938 -- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------- ----------
1939 0: target0 arm7tdmi little 0 halted
1942 @section target COMMANDS
1943 @b{Note:} This command name is SINGULAR - not plural. It is used to
1944 manipulate specific targets, to create targets and other things.
1946 Once a target is created, a TARGETNAME (object) command is created;
1947 see below for details.
1949 The TARGET command accepts these sub-commands:
1951 @item @b{create} .. parameters ..
1952 @* creates a new target, see below for details.
1954 @* Lists all supported target types (perhaps some are not yet in this document).
1956 @* Lists all current debug target names, for example: 'str912.cpu' or 'pxa27.cpu' example usage:
1958 foreach t [target names] {
1959 puts [format "Target: %s\n" $t]
1963 @* Returns the current target. OpenOCD always has, or refers to the ``current target'' in some way.
1964 By default, commands like: ``mww'' (used to write memory) operate on the current target.
1965 @item @b{number} @b{NUMBER}
1966 @* Internally OpenOCD maintains a list of targets - in numerical index
1967 (0..N-1) this command returns the name of the target at index N.
1970 set thename [target number $x]
1971 puts [format "Target %d is: %s\n" $x $thename]
1974 @* Returns the number of targets known to OpenOCD (see number above)
1977 set c [target count]
1978 for { set x 0 } { $x < $c } { incr x } {
1979 # Assuming you have created this function
1980 print_target_details $x
1986 @section TARGETNAME (object) commands
1987 @b{Use:} Once a target is created, an ``object name'' that represents the
1988 target is created. By convention, the target name is identical to the
1989 tap name. In a multiple target system, one can preceed many common
1990 commands with a specific target name and effect only that target.
1992 str912.cpu mww 0x1234 0x42
1993 omap3530.cpu mww 0x5555 123
1996 @b{Model:} The Tcl/Tk language has the concept of object commands. A
1997 good example is a on screen button, once a button is created a button
1998 has a name (a path in Tk terms) and that name is useable as a 1st
1999 class command. For example in Tk, one can create a button and later
2000 configure it like this:
2004 button .foobar -background red -command @{ foo @}
2006 .foobar configure -foreground blue
2008 set x [.foobar cget -background]
2010 puts [format "The button is %s" $x]
2013 In OpenOCD's terms, the ``target'' is an object just like a Tcl/Tk
2014 button. Commands available as a ``target object'' are:
2016 @comment START targetobj commands.
2018 @item @b{configure} - configure the target; see Target Config/Cget Options below
2019 @item @b{cget} - query the target configuration; see Target Config/Cget Options below
2020 @item @b{curstate} - current target state (running, halt, etc.
2022 @* Intended for a human to see/read the currently configure target events.
2023 @item @b{Various Memory Commands} See the ``mww'' command elsewhere.
2024 @comment start memory
2034 @item @b{Memory To Array, Array To Memory}
2035 @* These are aimed at a machine interface to memory
2037 @item @b{mem2array ARRAYNAME WIDTH ADDRESS COUNT}
2038 @item @b{array2mem ARRAYNAME WIDTH ADDRESS COUNT}
2040 @* @b{ARRAYNAME} is the name of an array variable
2041 @* @b{WIDTH} is 8/16/32 - indicating the memory access size
2042 @* @b{ADDRESS} is the target memory address
2043 @* @b{COUNT} is the number of elements to process
2045 @item @b{Used during ``reset''}
2046 @* These commands are used internally by the OpenOCD scripts to deal
2047 with odd reset situations and are not documented here.
2049 @item @b{arp_examine}
2053 @item @b{arp_waitstate}
2055 @item @b{invoke-event} @b{EVENT-NAME}
2056 @* Invokes the specific event manually for the target
2059 @section Target Events
2061 @anchor{Target Events}
2062 At various times, certain things can happen, or you want them to happen.
2066 @item What should happen when GDB connects? Should your target reset?
2067 @item When GDB tries to flash the target, do you need to enable the flash via a special command?
2068 @item During reset, do you need to write to certain memory location to reconfigure the SDRAM?
2071 All of the above items are handled by target events.
2073 To specify an event action, either during target creation, or later
2074 via ``$_TARGETNAME configure'' see this example.
2076 Syntactially, the option is: ``-event NAME BODY'' where NAME is a
2077 target event name, and BODY is a Tcl procedure or string of commands
2080 The programmers model is the ``-command'' option used in Tcl/Tk
2081 buttons and events. Below are two identical examples, the first
2082 creates and invokes small procedure. The second inlines the procedure.
2085 proc my_attach_proc @{ @} @{
2089 mychip.cpu configure -event gdb-attach my_attach_proc
2090 mychip.cpu configure -event gdb-attach @{ puts "Reset..." ; reset halt @}
2093 @section Current Events
2094 The following events are available:
2096 @item @b{debug-halted}
2097 @* The target has halted for debug reasons (i.e.: breakpoint)
2098 @item @b{debug-resumed}
2099 @* The target has resumed (i.e.: gdb said run)
2100 @item @b{early-halted}
2101 @* Occurs early in the halt process
2102 @item @b{examine-end}
2103 @* Currently not used (goal: when JTAG examine completes)
2104 @item @b{examine-start}
2105 @* Currently not used (goal: when JTAG examine starts)
2106 @item @b{gdb-attach}
2107 @* When GDB connects
2108 @item @b{gdb-detach}
2109 @* When GDB disconnects
2111 @* When the taret has halted and GDB is not doing anything (see early halt)
2112 @item @b{gdb-flash-erase-start}
2113 @* Before the GDB flash process tries to erase the flash
2114 @item @b{gdb-flash-erase-end}
2115 @* After the GDB flash process has finished erasing the flash
2116 @item @b{gdb-flash-write-start}
2117 @* Before GDB writes to the flash
2118 @item @b{gdb-flash-write-end}
2119 @* After GDB writes to the flash
2121 @* Before the taret steps, gdb is trying to start/resume the target
2123 @* The target has halted
2124 @item @b{old-gdb_program_config}
2125 @* DO NOT USE THIS: Used internally
2126 @item @b{old-pre_resume}
2127 @* DO NOT USE THIS: Used internally
2128 @item @b{reset-assert-pre}
2129 @* Before reset is asserted on the tap.
2130 @item @b{reset-assert-post}
2131 @* Reset is now asserted on the tap.
2132 @item @b{reset-deassert-pre}
2133 @* Reset is about to be released on the tap
2134 @item @b{reset-deassert-post}
2135 @* Reset has been released on the tap
2137 @* Currently not used.
2138 @item @b{reset-halt-post}
2139 @* Currently not usd
2140 @item @b{reset-halt-pre}
2141 @* Currently not used
2142 @item @b{reset-init}
2143 @* Used by @b{reset init} command for board-specific initialization.
2144 This is where you would configure PLLs and clocking, set up DRAM so
2145 you can download programs that don't fit in on-chip SRAM, set up pin
2146 multiplexing, and so on.
2147 @item @b{reset-start}
2148 @* Currently not used
2149 @item @b{reset-wait-pos}
2150 @* Currently not used
2151 @item @b{reset-wait-pre}
2152 @* Currently not used
2153 @item @b{resume-start}
2154 @* Before any target is resumed
2155 @item @b{resume-end}
2156 @* After all targets have resumed
2160 @* Target has resumed
2161 @item @b{tap-enable}
2162 @* Executed by @b{jtag tapenable DOTTED.NAME} command. Example:
2164 jtag configure DOTTED.NAME -event tap-enable @{
2169 @item @b{tap-disable}
2170 @*Executed by @b{jtag tapdisable DOTTED.NAME} command. Example:
2172 jtag configure DOTTED.NAME -event tap-disable @{
2173 puts "Disabling CPU"
2179 @section Target Create
2180 @anchor{Target Create}
2182 @cindex target creation
2185 @b{target} @b{create} <@var{NAME}> <@var{TYPE}> <@var{PARAMS ...}>
2187 @*This command creates a GDB debug target that refers to a specific JTAG tap.
2188 @comment START params
2191 @* Is the name of the debug target. By convention it should be the tap
2192 DOTTED.NAME. This name is also used to create the target object
2193 command, and in other places the target needs to be identified.
2195 @* Specifies the target type, i.e.: ARM7TDMI, or Cortex-M3. Currently supported targets are:
2196 @comment START types
2213 @*PARAMs are various target configuration parameters. The following ones are mandatory:
2214 @comment START mandatory
2216 @item @b{-endian big|little}
2217 @item @b{-chain-position DOTTED.NAME}
2218 @comment end MANDATORY
2223 @section Target Config/Cget Options
2224 These options can be specified when the target is created, or later
2225 via the configure option or to query the target via cget.
2227 You should specify a working area if you can; typically it uses some
2228 on-chip SRAM. Such a working area can speed up many things, including bulk
2229 writes to target memory; flash operations like checking to see if memory needs
2230 to be erased; GDB memory checksumming; and may help perform otherwise
2231 unavailable operations (like some coprocessor operations on ARM7/9 systems).
2233 @item @b{-type} - returns the target type
2234 @item @b{-event NAME BODY} see Target events
2235 @item @b{-work-area-virt [ADDRESS]} specify/set the work area base address
2236 which will be used when an MMU is active.
2237 @item @b{-work-area-phys [ADDRESS]} specify/set the work area base address
2238 which will be used when an MMU is inactive.
2239 @item @b{-work-area-size [ADDRESS]} specify/set the work area
2240 @item @b{-work-area-backup [0|1]} does the work area get backed up;
2241 by default, it doesn't. When possible, use a working_area that doesn't
2242 need to be backed up, since performing a backup slows down operations.
2243 @item @b{-endian [big|little]}
2244 @item @b{-variant [NAME]} some chips have variants OpenOCD needs to know about
2245 @item @b{-chain-position DOTTED.NAME} the tap name this target refers to.
2249 for @{ set x 0 @} @{ $x < [target count] @} @{ incr x @} @{
2250 set name [target number $x]
2251 set y [$name cget -endian]
2252 set z [$name cget -type]
2253 puts [format "Chip %d is %s, Endian: %s, type: %s" $x $y $z]
2257 @section Target Variants
2260 @* Unknown (please write me)
2262 @* Unknown (please write me) (similar to arm7tdmi)
2264 @* Variants: @option{arm920t}, @option{arm922t} and @option{arm940t}
2265 This enables the hardware single-stepping support found on these
2270 @* None (this is also used as the ARM946)
2272 @* use variant <@var{-variant lm3s}> when debugging Luminary lm3s targets. This will cause
2273 OpenOCD to use a software reset rather than asserting SRST to avoid a issue with clearing
2274 the debug registers. This is fixed in Fury Rev B, DustDevil Rev B, Tempest, these revisions will
2275 be detected and the normal reset behaviour used.
2277 @* Supported variants are @option{ixp42x}, @option{ixp45x}, @option{ixp46x},@option{pxa250}, @option{pxa255}, @option{pxa26x}.
2279 @* Supported variants are @option{arm1136}, @option{arm1156}, @option{arm1176}
2281 @* Use variant @option{ejtag_srst} when debugging targets that do not
2282 provide a functional SRST line on the EJTAG connector. This causes
2283 OpenOCD to instead use an EJTAG software reset command to reset the
2284 processor. You still need to enable @option{srst} on the reset
2285 configuration command to enable OpenOCD hardware reset functionality.
2286 @comment END variants
2288 @section working_area - Command Removed
2289 @cindex working_area
2290 @*@b{Please use the ``$_TARGETNAME configure -work-area-... parameters instead}
2291 @* This documentation remains because there are existing scripts that
2292 still use this that need to be converted.
2294 working_area target# address size backup| [virtualaddress]
2296 @* The target# is a the 0 based target numerical index.
2298 @node Flash Configuration
2299 @chapter Flash programming
2300 @cindex Flash Configuration
2302 OpenOCD has different commands for NOR and NAND flash;
2303 the ``flash'' command works with NOR flash, while
2304 the ``nand'' command works with NAND flash.
2305 This partially reflects different hardware technologies:
2306 NOR flash usually supports direct CPU instruction and data bus access,
2307 while data from a NAND flash must be copied to memory before it can be
2308 used. (SPI flash must also be copied to memory before use.)
2309 However, the documentation also uses ``flash'' as a generic term;
2310 for example, ``Put flash configuration in board-specific files''.
2312 @b{Note:} As of 28/nov/2008 OpenOCD does not know how to program a SPI
2313 flash that a micro may boot from. Perhaps you, the reader, would like to
2314 contribute support for this.
2318 @item Configure via the command @b{flash bank}
2319 @* Normally this is done in a configuration file.
2320 @item Operate on the flash via @b{flash SOMECOMMAND}
2321 @* Often commands to manipulate the flash are typed by a human, or run
2322 via a script in some automated way. For example: To program the boot
2323 flash on your board.
2325 @* Flashing via GDB requires the flash be configured via ``flash
2326 bank'', and the GDB flash features be enabled.
2327 @xref{GDB Configuration}.
2330 @section Flash commands
2331 @cindex Flash commands
2332 @subsection flash banks
2335 @*List configured flash banks
2336 @*@b{NOTE:} the singular form: 'flash bank' is used to configure the flash banks.
2337 @subsection flash info
2338 @b{flash info} <@var{num}>
2340 @*Print info about flash bank <@option{num}>
2341 @subsection flash probe
2342 @b{flash probe} <@var{num}>
2344 @*Identify the flash, or validate the parameters of the configured flash. Operation
2345 depends on the flash type.
2346 @subsection flash erase_check
2347 @b{flash erase_check} <@var{num}>
2348 @cindex flash erase_check
2349 @*Check erase state of sectors in flash bank <@var{num}>. This is the only operation that
2350 updates the erase state information displayed by @option{flash info}. That means you have
2351 to issue an @option{erase_check} command after erasing or programming the device to get
2352 updated information.
2353 @subsection flash protect_check
2354 @b{flash protect_check} <@var{num}>
2355 @cindex flash protect_check
2356 @*Check protection state of sectors in flash bank <num>.
2357 @option{flash erase_sector} using the same syntax.
2358 @subsection flash erase_sector
2359 @b{flash erase_sector} <@var{num}> <@var{first}> <@var{last}>
2360 @cindex flash erase_sector
2361 @anchor{flash erase_sector}
2362 @*Erase sectors at bank <@var{num}>, starting at sector <@var{first}> up to and including
2363 <@var{last}>. Sector numbering starts at 0. Depending on the flash type, erasing may
2364 require the protection to be disabled first (e.g. Intel Advanced Bootblock flash using
2366 @subsection flash erase_address
2367 @b{flash erase_address} <@var{address}> <@var{length}>
2368 @cindex flash erase_address
2369 @*Erase sectors starting at <@var{address}> for <@var{length}> bytes
2370 @subsection flash write_bank
2371 @b{flash write_bank} <@var{num}> <@var{file}> <@var{offset}>
2372 @cindex flash write_bank
2373 @anchor{flash write_bank}
2374 @*Write the binary <@var{file}> to flash bank <@var{num}>, starting at
2375 <@option{offset}> bytes from the beginning of the bank.
2376 @subsection flash write_image
2377 @b{flash write_image} [@var{erase}] <@var{file}> [@var{offset}] [@var{type}]
2378 @cindex flash write_image
2379 @anchor{flash write_image}
2380 @*Write the image <@var{file}> to the current target's flash bank(s). A relocation
2381 [@var{offset}] can be specified and the file [@var{type}] can be specified
2382 explicitly as @option{bin} (binary), @option{ihex} (Intel hex), @option{elf}
2383 (ELF file) or @option{s19} (Motorola s19). Flash memory will be erased prior to programming
2384 if the @option{erase} parameter is given.
2385 @subsection flash protect
2386 @b{flash protect} <@var{num}> <@var{first}> <@var{last}> <@option{on}|@option{off}>
2387 @cindex flash protect
2388 @*Enable (@var{on}) or disable (@var{off}) protection of flash sectors <@var{first}> to
2389 <@var{last}> of @option{flash bank} <@var{num}>.
2391 @subsection mFlash commands
2392 @cindex mFlash commands
2394 @item @b{mflash probe}
2395 @cindex mflash probe
2397 @item @b{mflash write} <@var{num}> <@var{file}> <@var{offset}>
2398 @cindex mflash write
2399 Write the binary <@var{file}> to mflash bank <@var{num}>, starting at
2400 <@var{offset}> bytes from the beginning of the bank.
2401 @item @b{mflash dump} <@var{num}> <@var{file}> <@var{offset}> <@var{size}>
2403 Dump <size> bytes, starting at <@var{offset}> bytes from the beginning of the <@var{num}> bank
2407 @section flash bank command
2408 The @b{flash bank} command is used to configure one or more flash chips (or banks in OpenOCD terms)
2411 @b{flash bank} <@var{driver}> <@var{base}> <@var{size}> <@var{chip_width}>
2412 <@var{bus_width}> <@var{target}> [@var{driver_options ...}]
2415 @*Configures a flash bank at <@var{base}> of <@var{size}> bytes and <@var{chip_width}>
2416 and <@var{bus_width}> bytes using the selected flash <driver>.
2418 @subsection External Flash - cfi options
2420 CFI flashes are external flash chips - often they are connected to a
2421 specific chip select on the CPU. By default, at hard reset, most
2422 CPUs have the ablity to ``boot'' from some flash chip - typically
2423 attached to the CPU's CS0 pin.
2425 For other chip selects: OpenOCD does not know how to configure, or
2426 access a specific chip select. Instead you, the human, might need to
2427 configure additional chip selects via other commands (like: mww) , or
2428 perhaps configure a GPIO pin that controls the ``write protect'' pin
2431 @b{flash bank cfi} <@var{base}> <@var{size}> <@var{chip_width}> <@var{bus_width}>
2432 <@var{target}> [@var{jedec_probe}|@var{x16_as_x8}]
2433 @*CFI flashes require the name or number of the target they're connected to
2435 argument. The CFI driver makes use of a working area (specified for the target)
2436 to significantly speed up operation.
2438 @var{chip_width} and @var{bus_width} are specified in bytes.
2440 The @var{jedec_probe} option is used to detect certain non-CFI flash ROMs, like AM29LV010 and similar types.
2444 @subsection Internal Flash (Microcontrollers)
2445 @subsubsection lpc2000 options
2446 @cindex lpc2000 options
2448 @b{flash bank lpc2000} <@var{base}> <@var{size}> 0 0 <@var{target}> <@var{variant}>
2449 <@var{clock}> [@var{calc_checksum}]
2450 @*LPC flashes don't require the chip and bus width to be specified. Additional
2451 parameters are the <@var{variant}>, which may be @var{lpc2000_v1} (older LPC21xx and LPC22xx)
2452 or @var{lpc2000_v2} (LPC213x, LPC214x, LPC210[123], LPC23xx and LPC24xx),
2453 the name or number of the target this flash belongs to (first is 0),
2454 the frequency at which the core
2455 is currently running (in kHz - must be an integral number), and the optional keyword
2456 @var{calc_checksum}, telling the driver to calculate a valid checksum for the exception
2460 @subsubsection at91sam7 options
2461 @cindex at91sam7 options
2463 @b{flash bank at91sam7} 0 0 0 0 <@var{target}>
2464 @*AT91SAM7 flashes only require the @var{target}, all other values are looked up after
2465 reading the chip-id and type.
2467 @subsubsection str7 options
2468 @cindex str7 options
2470 @b{flash bank str7x} <@var{base}> <@var{size}> 0 0 <@var{target}> <@var{variant}>
2471 @*variant can be either STR71x, STR73x or STR75x.
2473 @subsubsection str9 options
2474 @cindex str9 options
2476 @b{flash bank str9x} <@var{base}> <@var{size}> 0 0 <@var{target}>
2477 @*The str9 needs the flash controller to be configured prior to Flash programming, e.g.
2479 str9x flash_config 0 4 2 0 0x80000
2481 This will setup the BBSR, NBBSR, BBADR and NBBADR registers respectively.
2483 @subsubsection str9 options (str9xpec driver)
2485 @b{flash bank str9xpec} <@var{base}> <@var{size}> 0 0 <@var{target}>
2486 @*Before using the flash commands the turbo mode must be enabled using str9xpec
2487 @option{enable_turbo} <@var{num>.}
2489 Only use this driver for locking/unlocking the device or configuring the option bytes.
2490 Use the standard str9 driver for programming. @xref{STR9 specific commands}.
2492 @subsubsection Stellaris (LM3Sxxx) options
2493 @cindex Stellaris (LM3Sxxx) options
2495 @b{flash bank stellaris} <@var{base}> <@var{size}> 0 0 <@var{target}>
2496 @*Stellaris flash plugin only require the @var{target}.
2498 @subsubsection stm32x options
2499 @cindex stm32x options
2501 @b{flash bank stm32x} <@var{base}> <@var{size}> 0 0 <@var{target}>
2502 @*stm32x flash plugin only require the @var{target}.
2504 @subsubsection aduc702x options
2505 @cindex aduc702x options
2507 @b{flash bank aduc702x} 0 0 0 0 <@var{target}>
2508 @*The aduc702x flash plugin works with Analog Devices model numbers ADUC7019 through ADUC7028. The setup command only requires the @var{target} argument (all devices in this family have the same memory layout).
2510 @subsection mFlash Configuration
2511 @cindex mFlash Configuration
2512 @b{mflash bank} <@var{soc}> <@var{base}> <@var{chip_width}> <@var{bus_width}>
2513 <@var{RST pin}> <@var{WP pin}> <@var{DPD pin}> <@var{target}>
2515 @*Configures a mflash for <@var{soc}> host bank at
2516 <@var{base}>. <@var{chip_width}> and <@var{bus_width}> are bytes
2517 order. Pin number format is dependent on host GPIO calling convention.
2518 If WP or DPD pin was not used, write -1. Currently, mflash bank
2519 support s3c2440 and pxa270.
2521 (ex. of s3c2440) mflash <@var{RST pin}> is GPIO B1, <@var{WP pin}> and <@var{DPD pin}> are not used.
2523 mflash bank s3c2440 0x10000000 2 2 1b -1 -1 0
2525 (ex. of pxa270) mflash <@var{RST pin}> is GPIO 43, <@var{DPD pin}> is not used and <@var{DPD pin}> is GPIO 51.
2527 mflash bank pxa270 0x08000000 2 2 43 -1 51 0
2530 @section Microcontroller specific Flash Commands
2532 @subsection AT91SAM7 specific commands
2533 @cindex AT91SAM7 specific commands
2534 The flash configuration is deduced from the chip identification register. The flash
2535 controller handles erases automatically on a page (128/265 byte) basis, so erase is
2536 not necessary for flash programming. AT91SAM7 processors with less than 512K flash
2537 only have a single flash bank embedded on chip. AT91SAM7xx512 have two flash planes
2538 that can be erased separatly. Only an EraseAll command is supported by the controller
2539 for each flash plane and this is called with
2541 @item @b{flash erase} <@var{num}> @var{first_plane} @var{last_plane}
2542 @*bulk erase flash planes first_plane to last_plane.
2543 @item @b{at91sam7 gpnvm} <@var{num}> <@var{bit}> <@option{set}|@option{clear}>
2544 @cindex at91sam7 gpnvm
2545 @*set or clear a gpnvm bit for the processor
2548 @subsection STR9 specific commands
2549 @cindex STR9 specific commands
2550 @anchor{STR9 specific commands}
2551 These are flash specific commands when using the str9xpec driver.
2553 @item @b{str9xpec enable_turbo} <@var{num}>
2554 @cindex str9xpec enable_turbo
2555 @*enable turbo mode, will simply remove the str9 from the chain and talk
2556 directly to the embedded flash controller.
2557 @item @b{str9xpec disable_turbo} <@var{num}>
2558 @cindex str9xpec disable_turbo
2559 @*restore the str9 into JTAG chain.
2560 @item @b{str9xpec lock} <@var{num}>
2561 @cindex str9xpec lock
2562 @*lock str9 device. The str9 will only respond to an unlock command that will
2564 @item @b{str9xpec unlock} <@var{num}>
2565 @cindex str9xpec unlock
2566 @*unlock str9 device.
2567 @item @b{str9xpec options_read} <@var{num}>
2568 @cindex str9xpec options_read
2569 @*read str9 option bytes.
2570 @item @b{str9xpec options_write} <@var{num}>
2571 @cindex str9xpec options_write
2572 @*write str9 option bytes.
2575 Note: Before using the str9xpec driver here is some background info to help
2576 you better understand how the drivers works. OpenOCD has two flash drivers for
2580 Standard driver @option{str9x} programmed via the str9 core. Normally used for
2581 flash programming as it is faster than the @option{str9xpec} driver.
2583 Direct programming @option{str9xpec} using the flash controller. This is an
2584 ISC compilant (IEEE 1532) tap connected in series with the str9 core. The str9
2585 core does not need to be running to program using this flash driver. Typical use
2586 for this driver is locking/unlocking the target and programming the option bytes.
2589 Before we run any commands using the @option{str9xpec} driver we must first disable
2590 the str9 core. This example assumes the @option{str9xpec} driver has been
2591 configured for flash bank 0.
2593 # assert srst, we do not want core running
2594 # while accessing str9xpec flash driver
2596 # turn off target polling
2599 str9xpec enable_turbo 0
2601 str9xpec options_read 0
2602 # re-enable str9 core
2603 str9xpec disable_turbo 0
2607 The above example will read the str9 option bytes.
2608 When performing a unlock remember that you will not be able to halt the str9 - it
2609 has been locked. Halting the core is not required for the @option{str9xpec} driver
2610 as mentioned above, just issue the commands above manually or from a telnet prompt.
2612 @subsection STR9 configuration
2613 @cindex STR9 configuration
2615 @item @b{str9x flash_config} <@var{bank}> <@var{BBSR}> <@var{NBBSR}>
2616 <@var{BBADR}> <@var{NBBADR}>
2617 @cindex str9x flash_config
2618 @*Configure str9 flash controller.
2620 e.g. str9x flash_config 0 4 2 0 0x80000
2622 BBSR - Boot Bank Size register
2623 NBBSR - Non Boot Bank Size register
2624 BBADR - Boot Bank Start Address register
2625 NBBADR - Boot Bank Start Address register
2629 @subsection STR9 option byte configuration
2630 @cindex STR9 option byte configuration
2632 @item @b{str9xpec options_cmap} <@var{num}> <@option{bank0}|@option{bank1}>
2633 @cindex str9xpec options_cmap
2634 @*configure str9 boot bank.
2635 @item @b{str9xpec options_lvdthd} <@var{num}> <@option{2.4v}|@option{2.7v}>
2636 @cindex str9xpec options_lvdthd
2637 @*configure str9 lvd threshold.
2638 @item @b{str9xpec options_lvdsel} <@var{num}> <@option{vdd}|@option{vdd_vddq}>
2639 @cindex str9xpec options_lvdsel
2640 @*configure str9 lvd source.
2641 @item @b{str9xpec options_lvdwarn} <@var{bank}> <@option{vdd}|@option{vdd_vddq}>
2642 @cindex str9xpec options_lvdwarn
2643 @*configure str9 lvd reset warning source.
2646 @subsection STM32x specific commands
2647 @cindex STM32x specific commands
2649 These are flash specific commands when using the stm32x driver.
2651 @item @b{stm32x lock} <@var{num}>
2653 @*lock stm32 device.
2654 @item @b{stm32x unlock} <@var{num}>
2655 @cindex stm32x unlock
2656 @*unlock stm32 device.
2657 @item @b{stm32x options_read} <@var{num}>
2658 @cindex stm32x options_read
2659 @*read stm32 option bytes.
2660 @item @b{stm32x options_write} <@var{num}> <@option{SWWDG}|@option{HWWDG}>
2661 <@option{RSTSTNDBY}|@option{NORSTSTNDBY}> <@option{RSTSTOP}|@option{NORSTSTOP}>
2662 @cindex stm32x options_write
2663 @*write stm32 option bytes.
2664 @item @b{stm32x mass_erase} <@var{num}>
2665 @cindex stm32x mass_erase
2666 @*mass erase flash memory.
2669 @subsection Stellaris specific commands
2670 @cindex Stellaris specific commands
2672 These are flash specific commands when using the Stellaris driver.
2674 @item @b{stellaris mass_erase} <@var{num}>
2675 @cindex stellaris mass_erase
2676 @*mass erase flash memory.
2679 @node NAND Flash Commands
2680 @chapter NAND Flash Commands
2683 Compared to NOR or SPI flash, NAND devices are inexpensive
2684 and high density. Today's NAND chips, and multi-chip modules,
2685 commonly hold multiple GigaBytes of data.
2687 NAND chips consist of a number of ``erase blocks'' of a given
2688 size (such as 128 KBytes), each of which is divided into a
2689 number of pages (of perhaps 512 or 2048 bytes each). Each
2690 page of a NAND flash has an ``out of band'' (OOB) area to hold
2691 Error Correcting Code (ECC) and other metadata, usually 16 bytes
2692 of OOB for every 512 bytes of page data.
2694 One key characteristic of NAND flash is that its error rate
2695 is higher than that of NOR flash. In normal operation, that
2696 ECC is used to correct and detect errors. However, NAND
2697 blocks can also wear out and become unusable; those blocks
2698 are then marked "bad". NAND chips are even shipped from the
2699 manufacturer with a few bad blocks. The highest density chips
2700 use a technology (MLC) that wears out more quickly, so ECC
2701 support is increasingly important as a way to detect blocks
2702 that have begun to fail, and help to preserve data integrity
2703 with techniques such as wear leveling.
2705 Software is used to manage the ECC. Some controllers don't
2706 support ECC directly; in those cases, software ECC is used.
2707 Other controllers speed up the ECC calculations with hardware.
2708 Single-bit error correction hardware is routine. Controllers
2709 geared for newer MLC chips may correct 4 or more errors for
2710 every 512 bytes of data.
2712 You will need to make sure that any data you write using
2713 OpenOCD includes the apppropriate kind of ECC. For example,
2714 that may mean passing the @code{oob_softecc} flag when
2715 writing NAND data, or ensuring that the correct hardware
2718 The basic steps for using NAND devices include:
2720 @item Declare via the command @command{nand device}
2721 @* Do this in a board-specific configuration file,
2722 passing parameters as needed by the controller.
2723 @item Configure each device using @command{nand probe}.
2724 @* Do this only after the associated target is set up,
2725 such as in its reset-init script or in procures defined
2726 to access that device.
2727 @item Operate on the flash via @command{nand subcommand}
2728 @* Often commands to manipulate the flash are typed by a human, or run
2729 via a script in some automated way. Common task include writing a
2730 boot loader, operating system, or other data needed to initialize or
2734 @b{NOTE:} At the time this text was written, the largest NAND
2735 flash fully supported by OpenOCD is 2 GiBytes (16 GiBits).
2736 This is because the variables used to hold offsets and lengths
2737 are only 32 bits wide.
2738 (Larger chips may work in some cases, unless an offset or length
2739 is larger than 0xffffffff, the largest 32-bit unsigned integer.)
2740 Some larger devices will work, since they are actually multi-chip
2741 modules with two smaller chips and individual chipselect lines.
2743 @section NAND Configuration Commands
2744 @cindex NAND configuration
2746 NAND chips must be declared in configuration scripts,
2747 plus some additional configuration that's done after
2748 OpenOCD has initialized.
2750 @deffn {Config Command} {nand device} controller target [configparams...]
2751 Declares a NAND device, which can be read and written to
2752 after it has been configured through @command{nand probe}.
2753 In OpenOCD, devices are single chips; this is unlike some
2754 operating systems, which may manage multiple chips as if
2755 they were a single (larger) device.
2756 In some cases, configuring a device will activate extra
2757 commands; see the controller-specific documentation.
2759 @b{NOTE:} This command is not available after OpenOCD
2760 initialization has completed. Use it in board specific
2761 configuration files, not interactively.
2764 @item @var{controller} ... identifies a the controller driver
2765 associated with the NAND device being declared.
2766 @xref{NAND Driver List}.
2767 @item @var{target} ... names the target used when issuing
2768 commands to the NAND controller.
2769 @comment Actually, it's currently a controller-specific parameter...
2770 @item @var{configparams} ... controllers may support, or require,
2771 additional parameters. See the controller-specific documentation
2772 for more information.
2776 @deffn Command {nand list}
2777 Prints a one-line summary of each device declared
2778 using @command{nand device}, numbered from zero.
2779 Note that un-probed devices show no details.
2782 @deffn Command {nand probe} num
2783 Probes the specified device to determine key characteristics
2784 like its page and block sizes, and how many blocks it has.
2785 The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}.
2786 You must (successfully) probe a device before you can use
2787 it with most other NAND commands.
2790 @section Erasing, Reading, Writing to NAND Flash
2792 @deffn Command {nand dump} num filename offset length [oob_option]
2793 @cindex NAND reading
2794 Reads binary data from the NAND device and writes it to the file,
2795 starting at the specified offset.
2796 The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}.
2798 Use a complete path name for @var{filename}, so you don't depend
2799 on the directory used to start the OpenOCD server.
2801 The @var{offset} and @var{length} must be exact multiples of the
2802 device's page size. They describe a data region; the OOB data
2803 associated with each such page may also be accessed.
2805 @b{NOTE:} At the time this text was written, no error correction
2806 was done on the data that's read, unless raw access was disabled
2807 and the underlying NAND controller driver had a @code{read_page}
2808 method which handled that error correction.
2810 By default, only page data is saved to the specified file.
2811 Use an @var{oob_option} parameter to save OOB data:
2813 @item no oob_* parameter
2814 @*Output file holds only page data; OOB is discarded.
2815 @item @code{oob_raw}
2816 @*Output file interleaves page data and OOB data;
2817 the file will be longer than "length" by the size of the
2818 spare areas associated with each data page.
2819 Note that this kind of "raw" access is different from
2820 what's implied by @command{nand raw_access}, which just
2821 controls whether a hardware-aware access method is used.
2822 @item @code{oob_only}
2823 @*Output file has only raw OOB data, and will
2824 be smaller than "length" since it will contain only the
2825 spare areas associated with each data page.
2829 @deffn Command {nand erase} num offset length
2830 @cindex NAND erasing
2831 Erases blocks on the specified NAND device, starting at the
2832 specified @var{offset} and continuing for @var{length} bytes.
2833 Both of those values must be exact multiples of the device's
2834 block size, and the region they specify must fit entirely in the chip.
2835 The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}.
2837 @b{NOTE:} This command will try to erase bad blocks, when told
2838 to do so, which will probably invalidate the manufacturer's bad
2840 For the remainder of the current server session, @command{nand info}
2841 will still report that the block ``is'' bad.
2844 @deffn Command {nand write} num filename offset [option...]
2845 @cindex NAND writing
2846 Writes binary data from the file into the specified NAND device,
2847 starting at the specified offset. Those pages should already
2848 have been erased; you can't change zero bits to one bits.
2849 The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}.
2851 Use a complete path name for @var{filename}, so you don't depend
2852 on the directory used to start the OpenOCD server.
2854 The @var{offset} must be an exact multiple of the device's page size.
2855 All data in the file will be written, assuming it doesn't run
2856 past the end of the device.
2857 Only full pages are written, and any extra space in the last
2858 page will be filled with 0xff bytes. (That includes OOB data,
2859 if that's being written.)
2861 @b{NOTE:} At the time this text was written, bad blocks are
2862 ignored. That is, this routine will not skip bad blocks,
2863 but will instead try to write them. This can cause problems.
2865 Provide at most one @var{option} parameter. With some
2866 NAND drivers, the meanings of these parameters may change
2867 if @command{nand raw_access} was used to disable hardware ECC.
2869 @item no oob_* parameter
2870 @*File has only page data, which is written.
2871 If raw acccess is in use, the OOB area will not be written.
2872 Otherwise, if the underlying NAND controller driver has
2873 a @code{write_page} routine, that routine may write the OOB
2874 with hardware-computed ECC data.
2875 @item @code{oob_only}
2876 @*File has only raw OOB data, which is written to the OOB area.
2877 Each page's data area stays untouched. @i{This can be a dangerous
2878 option}, since it can invalidate the ECC data.
2879 You may need to force raw access to use this mode.
2880 @item @code{oob_raw}
2881 @*File interleaves data and OOB data, both of which are written
2882 If raw access is enabled, the data is written first, then the
2884 Otherwise, if the underlying NAND controller driver has
2885 a @code{write_page} routine, that routine may modify the OOB
2886 before it's written, to include hardware-computed ECC data.
2887 @item @code{oob_softecc}
2888 @*File has only page data, which is written.
2889 The OOB area is filled with 0xff, except for a standard 1-bit
2890 software ECC code stored in conventional locations.
2891 You might need to force raw access to use this mode, to prevent
2892 the underlying driver from applying hardware ECC.
2893 @item @code{oob_softecc_kw}
2894 @*File has only page data, which is written.
2895 The OOB area is filled with 0xff, except for a 4-bit software ECC
2896 specific to the boot ROM in Marvell Kirkwood SoCs.
2897 You might need to force raw access to use this mode, to prevent
2898 the underlying driver from applying hardware ECC.
2902 @section Other NAND commands
2903 @cindex NAND other commands
2905 @deffn Command {nand check_bad_blocks} [offset length]
2906 Checks for manufacturer bad block markers on the specified NAND
2907 device. If no parameters are provided, checks the whole
2908 device; otherwise, starts at the specified @var{offset} and
2909 continues for @var{length} bytes.
2910 Both of those values must be exact multiples of the device's
2911 block size, and the region they specify must fit entirely in the chip.
2912 The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}.
2914 @b{NOTE:} Before using this command you should force raw access
2915 with @command{nand raw_access enable} to ensure that the underlying
2916 driver will not try to apply hardware ECC.
2919 @deffn Command {nand info} num
2920 The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}.
2921 This prints the one-line summary from "nand list", plus for
2922 devices which have been probed this also prints any known
2923 status for each block.
2926 @deffn Command {nand raw_access} num <enable|disable>
2927 Sets or clears an flag affecting how page I/O is done.
2928 The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}.
2930 This flag is cleared (disabled) by default, but changing that
2931 value won't affect all NAND devices. The key factor is whether
2932 the underlying driver provides @code{read_page} or @code{write_page}
2933 methods. If it doesn't provide those methods, the setting of
2934 this flag is irrelevant; all access is effectively ``raw''.
2936 When those methods exist, they are normally used when reading
2937 data (@command{nand dump} or reading bad block markers) or
2938 writing it (@command{nand write}). However, enabling
2939 raw access (setting the flag) prevents use of those methods,
2940 bypassing hardware ECC logic.
2941 @i{This can be a dangerous option}, since writing blocks
2942 with the wrong ECC data can cause them to be marked as bad.
2945 @section NAND Drivers; Driver-specific Options and Commands
2946 @anchor{NAND Driver List}
2947 As noted above, the @command{nand device} command allows
2948 driver-specific options and behaviors.
2949 Some controllers also activate controller-specific commands.
2951 @deffn {NAND Driver} davinci
2952 This driver handles the NAND controllers found on DaVinci family
2953 chips from Texas Instruments.
2954 It takes three extra parameters:
2955 address of the NAND chip;
2956 hardware ECC mode to use (hwecc1, hwecc4, hwecc4_infix);
2957 address of the AEMIF controller on this processor.
2959 nand device davinci dm355.arm 0x02000000 hwecc4 0x01e10000
2961 All DaVinci processors support the single-bit ECC hardware,
2962 and newer ones also support the four-bit ECC hardware.
2963 The @code{write_page} and @code{read_page} methods are used
2964 to implement those ECC modes, unless they are disabled using
2965 the @command{nand raw_access} command.
2968 @deffn {NAND Driver} lpc3180
2969 These controllers require an extra @command{nand device}
2970 parameter: the clock rate used by the controller.
2971 @deffn Command {nand lpc3180 select} num [mlc|slc]
2972 Configures use of the MLC or SLC controller mode.
2973 MLC implies use of hardware ECC.
2974 The @var{num} parameter is the value shown by @command{nand list}.
2977 At this writing, this driver includes @code{write_page}
2978 and @code{read_page} methods. Using @command{nand raw_access}
2979 to disable those methods will prevent use of hardware ECC
2980 in the MLC controller mode, but won't change SLC behavior.
2982 @comment current lpc3180 code won't issue 5-byte address cycles
2984 @deffn {NAND Driver} orion
2985 These controllers require an extra @command{nand device}
2986 parameter: the address of the controller.
2988 nand device orion 0xd8000000
2990 These controllers don't define any specialized commands.
2991 At this writing, their drivers don't include @code{write_page}
2992 or @code{read_page} methods, so @command{nand raw_access} won't
2993 change any behavior.
2996 @deffn {NAND Driver} {s3c2410, s3c2412, s3c2440, s3c2443}
2997 These S3C24xx family controllers don't have any special
2998 @command{nand device} options, and don't define any
2999 specialized commands.
3000 At this writing, their drivers don't include @code{write_page}
3001 or @code{read_page} methods, so @command{nand raw_access} won't
3002 change any behavior.
3005 @node General Commands
3006 @chapter General Commands
3009 The commands documented in this chapter here are common commands that
3010 you, as a human, may want to type and see the output of. Configuration type
3011 commands are documented elsewhere.
3015 @item @b{Source Of Commands}
3016 @* OpenOCD commands can occur in a configuration script (discussed
3017 elsewhere) or typed manually by a human or supplied programatically,
3018 or via one of several TCP/IP Ports.
3020 @item @b{From the human}
3021 @* A human should interact with the telnet interface (default port: 4444)
3022 or via GDB (default port 3333).
3024 To issue commands from within a GDB session, use the @option{monitor}
3025 command, e.g. use @option{monitor poll} to issue the @option{poll}
3026 command. All output is relayed through the GDB session.
3028 @item @b{Machine Interface}
3029 The Tcl interface's intent is to be a machine interface. The default Tcl
3034 @section Daemon Commands
3036 @subsection sleep [@var{msec}]
3038 @*Wait for n milliseconds before resuming. Useful in connection with script files
3039 (@var{script} command and @var{target_script} configuration).
3041 @subsection shutdown
3043 @*Close the OpenOCD daemon, disconnecting all clients (GDB, telnet, other).
3045 @subsection debug_level [@var{n}]
3047 @anchor{debug_level}
3048 @*Display or adjust debug level to n<0-3>
3050 @subsection fast [@var{enable|disable}]
3052 @*Default disabled. Set default behaviour of OpenOCD to be "fast and dangerous". For instance ARM7/9 DCC memory
3053 downloads and fast memory access will work if the JTAG interface isn't too fast and
3054 the core doesn't run at a too low frequency. Note that this option only changes the default
3055 and that the indvidual options, like DCC memory downloads, can be enabled and disabled
3058 The target specific "dangerous" optimisation tweaking options may come and go
3059 as more robust and user friendly ways are found to ensure maximum throughput
3060 and robustness with a minimum of configuration.
3062 Typically the "fast enable" is specified first on the command line:
3065 openocd -c "fast enable" -c "interface dummy" -f target/str710.cfg
3068 @subsection echo <@var{message}>
3070 @*Output message to stdio. e.g. echo "Programming - please wait"
3072 @subsection log_output <@var{file}>
3074 @*Redirect logging to <file> (default: stderr)
3076 @subsection script <@var{file}>
3078 @*Execute commands from <file>
3079 See also: ``source [find FILENAME]''
3081 @section Target state handling
3082 @subsection power <@var{on}|@var{off}>
3084 @*Turn power switch to target on/off.
3085 No arguments: print status.
3086 Not all interfaces support this.
3088 @subsection reg [@option{#}|@option{name}] [value]
3090 @*Access a single register by its number[@option{#}] or by its [@option{name}].
3091 No arguments: list all available registers for the current target.
3092 Number or name argument: display a register.
3093 Number or name and value arguments: set register value.
3095 @subsection poll [@option{on}|@option{off}]
3097 @*Poll the target for its current state. If the target is in debug mode, architecture
3098 specific information about the current state is printed. An optional parameter
3099 allows continuous polling to be enabled and disabled.
3101 @subsection halt [@option{ms}]
3103 @*Send a halt request to the target and wait for it to halt for up to [@option{ms}] milliseconds.
3104 Default [@option{ms}] is 5 seconds if no arg given.
3105 Optional arg @option{ms} is a timeout in milliseconds. Using 0 as the [@option{ms}]
3106 will stop OpenOCD from waiting.
3108 @subsection wait_halt [@option{ms}]
3110 @*Wait for the target to enter debug mode. Optional [@option{ms}] is
3111 a timeout in milliseconds. Default [@option{ms}] is 5 seconds if no
3114 @subsection resume [@var{address}]
3116 @*Resume the target at its current code position, or at an optional address.
3117 OpenOCD will wait 5 seconds for the target to resume.
3119 @subsection step [@var{address}]
3121 @*Single-step the target at its current code position, or at an optional address.
3123 @anchor{Reset Command}
3124 @subsection reset [@option{run}|@option{halt}|@option{init}]
3126 @*Perform a hard-reset. The optional parameter specifies what should
3127 happen after the reset.
3128 If there is no parameter, a @command{reset run} is executed.
3129 The other options will not work on all systems.
3130 @xref{Reset Configuration}.
3134 @*Let the target run.
3137 @*Immediately halt the target (works only with certain configurations).
3140 @*Immediately halt the target, and execute the reset script (works only with certain
3144 @subsection soft_reset_halt
3146 @*Requesting target halt and executing a soft reset. This is often used
3147 when a target cannot be reset and halted. The target, after reset is
3148 released begins to execute code. OpenOCD attempts to stop the CPU and
3149 then sets the program counter back to the reset vector. Unfortunately
3150 the code that was executed may have left the hardware in an unknown
3154 @section Memory access commands
3156 display available RAM memory.
3157 @subsection Memory peek/poke type commands
3158 These commands allow accesses of a specific size to the memory
3159 system. Often these are used to configure the current target in some
3160 special way. For example - one may need to write certian values to the
3161 SDRAM controller to enable SDRAM.
3164 @item To change the current target see the ``targets'' (plural) command
3165 @item In system level scripts these commands are deprecated, please use the TARGET object versions.
3169 @item @b{mdw} <@var{addr}> [@var{count}]
3171 @*display memory words (32bit)
3172 @item @b{mdh} <@var{addr}> [@var{count}]
3174 @*display memory half-words (16bit)
3175 @item @b{mdb} <@var{addr}> [@var{count}]
3177 @*display memory bytes (8bit)
3178 @item @b{mww} <@var{addr}> <@var{value}>
3180 @*write memory word (32bit)
3181 @item @b{mwh} <@var{addr}> <@var{value}>
3183 @*write memory half-word (16bit)
3184 @item @b{mwb} <@var{addr}> <@var{value}>
3186 @*write memory byte (8bit)
3189 @section Image loading commands
3190 @subsection load_image
3191 @b{load_image} <@var{file}> <@var{address}> [@option{bin}|@option{ihex}|@option{elf}]
3194 @*Load image <@var{file}> to target memory at <@var{address}>
3195 @subsection fast_load_image
3196 @b{fast_load_image} <@var{file}> <@var{address}> [@option{bin}|@option{ihex}|@option{elf}]
3197 @cindex fast_load_image
3198 @anchor{fast_load_image}
3199 @*Normally you should be using @b{load_image} or GDB load. However, for
3200 testing purposes or when I/O overhead is significant(OpenOCD running on an embedded
3201 host), storing the image in memory and uploading the image to the target
3202 can be a way to upload e.g. multiple debug sessions when the binary does not change.
3203 Arguments are the same as @b{load_image}, but the image is stored in OpenOCD host
3204 memory, i.e. does not affect target. This approach is also useful when profiling
3205 target programming performance as I/O and target programming can easily be profiled
3207 @subsection fast_load
3211 @*Loads an image stored in memory by @b{fast_load_image} to the current target. Must be preceeded by fast_load_image.
3212 @subsection dump_image
3213 @b{dump_image} <@var{file}> <@var{address}> <@var{size}>
3216 @*Dump <@var{size}> bytes of target memory starting at <@var{address}> to a
3217 (binary) <@var{file}>.
3218 @subsection verify_image
3219 @b{verify_image} <@var{file}> <@var{address}> [@option{bin}|@option{ihex}|@option{elf}]
3220 @cindex verify_image
3221 @*Verify <@var{file}> against target memory starting at <@var{address}>.
3222 This will first attempt a comparison using a CRC checksum, if this fails it will try a binary compare.
3225 @section Breakpoint commands
3226 @cindex Breakpoint commands
3228 @item @b{bp} <@var{addr}> <@var{len}> [@var{hw}]
3230 @*set breakpoint <address> <length> [hw]
3231 @item @b{rbp} <@var{addr}>
3233 @*remove breakpoint <adress>
3234 @item @b{wp} <@var{addr}> <@var{len}> <@var{r}|@var{w}|@var{a}> [@var{value}] [@var{mask}]
3236 @*set watchpoint <address> <length> <r/w/a> [value] [mask]
3237 @item @b{rwp} <@var{addr}>
3239 @*remove watchpoint <adress>
3242 @section Misc Commands
3243 @cindex Other Target Commands
3245 @item @b{profile} <@var{seconds}> <@var{gmon.out}>
3247 Profiling samples the CPU's program counter as quickly as possible, which is useful for non-intrusive stochastic profiling.
3251 @section Target Specific Commands
3252 @cindex Target Specific Commands
3256 @section Architecture Specific Commands
3257 @cindex Architecture Specific Commands
3259 @subsection ARMV4/5 specific commands
3260 @cindex ARMV4/5 specific commands
3262 These commands are specific to ARM architecture v4 and v5, like all ARM7/9 systems
3263 or Intel XScale (XScale isn't supported yet).
3265 @item @b{armv4_5 reg}
3267 @*Display a list of all banked core registers, fetching the current value from every
3268 core mode if necessary. OpenOCD versions before rev. 60 didn't fetch the current
3270 @item @b{armv4_5 core_mode} [@var{arm}|@var{thumb}]
3271 @cindex armv4_5 core_mode
3272 @*Displays the core_mode, optionally changing it to either ARM or Thumb mode.
3273 The target is resumed in the currently set @option{core_mode}.
3276 @subsection ARM7/9 specific commands
3277 @cindex ARM7/9 specific commands
3279 These commands are specific to ARM7 and ARM9 targets, like ARM7TDMI, ARM720t,
3280 ARM920T or ARM926EJ-S.
3282 @item @b{arm7_9 dbgrq} <@var{enable}|@var{disable}>
3283 @cindex arm7_9 dbgrq
3284 @*Enable use of the DBGRQ bit to force entry into debug mode. This should be
3285 safe for all but ARM7TDMI--S cores (like Philips LPC).
3286 @item @b{arm7_9 fast_memory_access} <@var{enable}|@var{disable}>
3287 @cindex arm7_9 fast_memory_access
3288 @anchor{arm7_9 fast_memory_access}
3289 @*Allow OpenOCD to read and write memory without checking completion of
3290 the operation. This provides a huge speed increase, especially with USB JTAG
3291 cables (FT2232), but might be unsafe if used with targets running at very low
3292 speeds, like the 32kHz startup clock of an AT91RM9200.
3293 @item @b{arm7_9 dcc_downloads} <@var{enable}|@var{disable}>
3294 @cindex arm7_9 dcc_downloads
3295 @*Enable the use of the debug communications channel (DCC) to write larger (>128 byte)
3296 amounts of memory. DCC downloads offer a huge speed increase, but might be potentially
3297 unsafe, especially with targets running at very low speeds. This command was introduced
3298 with OpenOCD rev. 60, and requires a few bytes of working area.
3301 @subsection ARM720T specific commands
3302 @cindex ARM720T specific commands
3305 @item @b{arm720t cp15} <@var{num}> [@var{value}]
3306 @cindex arm720t cp15
3307 @*display/modify cp15 register <@option{num}> [@option{value}].
3308 @item @b{arm720t md<bhw>_phys} <@var{addr}> [@var{count}]
3309 @cindex arm720t md<bhw>_phys
3310 @*Display memory at physical address addr.
3311 @item @b{arm720t mw<bhw>_phys} <@var{addr}> <@var{value}>
3312 @cindex arm720t mw<bhw>_phys
3313 @*Write memory at physical address addr.
3314 @item @b{arm720t virt2phys} <@var{va}>
3315 @cindex arm720t virt2phys
3316 @*Translate a virtual address to a physical address.
3319 @subsection ARM9TDMI specific commands
3320 @cindex ARM9TDMI specific commands
3323 @item @b{arm9tdmi vector_catch} <@var{all}|@var{none}>
3324 @cindex arm9tdmi vector_catch
3325 @*Catch arm9 interrupt vectors, can be @option{all} @option{none} or any of the following:
3326 @option{reset} @option{undef} @option{swi} @option{pabt} @option{dabt} @option{reserved}
3327 @option{irq} @option{fiq}.
3329 Can also be used on other ARM9 based cores such as ARM966, ARM920T and ARM926EJ-S.
3332 @subsection ARM966E specific commands
3333 @cindex ARM966E specific commands
3336 @item @b{arm966e cp15} <@var{num}> [@var{value}]
3337 @cindex arm966e cp15
3338 @*display/modify cp15 register <@option{num}> [@option{value}].
3341 @subsection ARM920T specific commands
3342 @cindex ARM920T specific commands
3345 @item @b{arm920t cp15} <@var{num}> [@var{value}]
3346 @cindex arm920t cp15
3347 @*display/modify cp15 register <@option{num}> [@option{value}].
3348 @item @b{arm920t cp15i} <@var{num}> [@var{value}] [@var{address}]
3349 @cindex arm920t cp15i
3350 @*display/modify cp15 (interpreted access) <@option{opcode}> [@option{value}] [@option{address}]
3351 @item @b{arm920t cache_info}
3352 @cindex arm920t cache_info
3353 @*Print information about the caches found. This allows to see whether your target
3354 is an ARM920T (2x16kByte cache) or ARM922T (2x8kByte cache).
3355 @item @b{arm920t md<bhw>_phys} <@var{addr}> [@var{count}]
3356 @cindex arm920t md<bhw>_phys
3357 @*Display memory at physical address addr.
3358 @item @b{arm920t mw<bhw>_phys} <@var{addr}> <@var{value}>
3359 @cindex arm920t mw<bhw>_phys
3360 @*Write memory at physical address addr.
3361 @item @b{arm920t read_cache} <@var{filename}>
3362 @cindex arm920t read_cache
3363 @*Dump the content of ICache and DCache to a file.
3364 @item @b{arm920t read_mmu} <@var{filename}>
3365 @cindex arm920t read_mmu
3366 @*Dump the content of the ITLB and DTLB to a file.
3367 @item @b{arm920t virt2phys} <@var{va}>
3368 @cindex arm920t virt2phys
3369 @*Translate a virtual address to a physical address.
3372 @subsection ARM926EJ-S specific commands
3373 @cindex ARM926EJ-S specific commands
3376 @item @b{arm926ejs cp15} <@var{num}> [@var{value}]
3377 @cindex arm926ejs cp15
3378 @*display/modify cp15 register <@option{num}> [@option{value}].
3379 @item @b{arm926ejs cache_info}
3380 @cindex arm926ejs cache_info
3381 @*Print information about the caches found.
3382 @item @b{arm926ejs md<bhw>_phys} <@var{addr}> [@var{count}]
3383 @cindex arm926ejs md<bhw>_phys
3384 @*Display memory at physical address addr.
3385 @item @b{arm926ejs mw<bhw>_phys} <@var{addr}> <@var{value}>
3386 @cindex arm926ejs mw<bhw>_phys
3387 @*Write memory at physical address addr.
3388 @item @b{arm926ejs virt2phys} <@var{va}>
3389 @cindex arm926ejs virt2phys
3390 @*Translate a virtual address to a physical address.
3393 @subsection CORTEX_M3 specific commands
3394 @cindex CORTEX_M3 specific commands
3397 @item @b{cortex_m3 maskisr} <@var{on}|@var{off}>
3398 @cindex cortex_m3 maskisr
3399 @*Enable masking (disabling) interrupts during target step/resume.
3403 @section Debug commands
3404 @cindex Debug commands
3405 The following commands give direct access to the core, and are most likely
3406 only useful while debugging OpenOCD.
3408 @item @b{arm7_9 write_xpsr} <@var{32-bit value}> <@option{0=cpsr}, @option{1=spsr}>
3409 @cindex arm7_9 write_xpsr
3410 @*Immediately write either the current program status register (CPSR) or the saved
3411 program status register (SPSR), without changing the register cache (as displayed
3412 by the @option{reg} and @option{armv4_5 reg} commands).
3413 @item @b{arm7_9 write_xpsr_im8} <@var{8-bit value}> <@var{rotate 4-bit}>
3414 <@var{0=cpsr},@var{1=spsr}>
3415 @cindex arm7_9 write_xpsr_im8
3416 @*Write the 8-bit value rotated right by 2*rotate bits, using an immediate write
3417 operation (similar to @option{write_xpsr}).
3418 @item @b{arm7_9 write_core_reg} <@var{num}> <@var{mode}> <@var{value}>
3419 @cindex arm7_9 write_core_reg
3420 @*Write a core register, without changing the register cache (as displayed by the
3421 @option{reg} and @option{armv4_5 reg} commands). The <@var{mode}> argument takes the
3422 encoding of the [M4:M0] bits of the PSR.
3425 @section Target Requests
3426 @cindex Target Requests
3427 OpenOCD can handle certain target requests, currently debugmsg are only supported for arm7_9 and cortex_m3.
3428 See libdcc in the contrib dir for more details.
3430 @item @b{target_request debugmsgs} <@var{enable}|@var{disable}|@var{charmsg}>
3431 @cindex target_request debugmsgs
3432 @*Enable/disable target debugmsgs requests. debugmsgs enable messages to be sent to the debugger while the target is running. @var{charmsg} receives messages if Linux kernel ``Kernel low-level debugging via EmbeddedICE DCC channel'' option is enabled.
3436 @chapter JTAG Commands
3437 @cindex JTAG Commands
3438 Generally most people will not use the bulk of these commands. They
3439 are mostly used by the OpenOCD developers or those who need to
3440 directly manipulate the JTAG taps.
3442 In general these commands control JTAG taps at a very low level. For
3443 example if you need to control a JTAG Route Controller (i.e.: the
3444 OMAP3530 on the Beagle Board has one) you might use these commands in
3445 a script or an event procedure.
3449 @item @b{scan_chain}
3451 @*Print current scan chain configuration.
3452 @item @b{jtag_reset} <@var{trst}> <@var{srst}>
3454 @*Toggle reset lines.
3455 @item @b{endstate} <@var{tap_state}>
3457 @*Finish JTAG operations in <@var{tap_state}>.
3458 @item @b{runtest} <@var{num_cycles}>
3460 @*Move to Run-Test/Idle, and execute <@var{num_cycles}>
3461 @item @b{statemove} [@var{tap_state}]
3463 @*Move to current endstate or [@var{tap_state}]
3464 @item @b{irscan} <@var{device}> <@var{instr}> [@var{dev2}] [@var{instr2}] ...
3466 @*Execute IR scan <@var{device}> <@var{instr}> [@var{dev2}] [@var{instr2}] ...
3467 @item @b{drscan} <@var{device}> [@var{dev2}] [@var{var2}] ...
3469 @*Execute DR scan <@var{device}> [@var{dev2}] [@var{var2}] ...
3470 @item @b{verify_ircapture} <@option{enable}|@option{disable}>
3471 @cindex verify_ircapture
3472 @*Verify value captured during Capture-IR. Default is enabled.
3473 @item @b{var} <@var{name}> [@var{num_fields}|@var{del}] [@var{size1}] ...
3475 @*Allocate, display or delete variable <@var{name}> [@var{num_fields}|@var{del}] [@var{size1}] ...
3476 @item @b{field} <@var{var}> <@var{field}> [@var{value}|@var{flip}]
3478 Display/modify variable field <@var{var}> <@var{field}> [@var{value}|@var{flip}].
3483 Available tap_states are:
3523 If OpenOCD runs on an embedded host(as ZY1000 does), then TFTP can
3524 be used to access files on PCs (either the developer's PC or some other PC).
3526 The way this works on the ZY1000 is to prefix a filename by
3527 "/tftp/ip/" and append the TFTP path on the TFTP
3528 server (tftpd). E.g. "load_image /tftp/10.0.0.96/c:\temp\abc.elf" will
3529 load c:\temp\abc.elf from the developer pc (10.0.0.96) into memory as
3530 if the file was hosted on the embedded host.
3532 In order to achieve decent performance, you must choose a TFTP server
3533 that supports a packet size bigger than the default packet size (512 bytes). There
3534 are numerous TFTP servers out there (free and commercial) and you will have to do
3535 a bit of googling to find something that fits your requirements.
3537 @node Sample Scripts
3538 @chapter Sample Scripts
3541 This page shows how to use the Target Library.
3543 The configuration script can be divided into the following sections:
3545 @item Daemon configuration
3547 @item JTAG scan chain
3548 @item Target configuration
3549 @item Flash configuration
3552 Detailed information about each section can be found at OpenOCD configuration.
3554 @section AT91R40008 example
3555 @cindex AT91R40008 example
3556 To start OpenOCD with a target script for the AT91R40008 CPU and reset
3557 the CPU upon startup of the OpenOCD daemon.
3559 openocd -f interface/parport.cfg -f target/at91r40008.cfg -c init -c reset
3563 @node GDB and OpenOCD
3564 @chapter GDB and OpenOCD
3566 OpenOCD complies with the remote gdbserver protocol, and as such can be used
3567 to debug remote targets.
3569 @section Connecting to GDB
3570 @cindex Connecting to GDB
3571 @anchor{Connecting to GDB}
3572 Use GDB 6.7 or newer with OpenOCD if you run into trouble. For
3573 instance GDB 6.3 has a known bug that produces bogus memory access
3574 errors, which has since been fixed: look up 1836 in
3575 @url{http://sourceware.org/cgi-bin/gnatsweb.pl?database=gdb}
3577 @*OpenOCD can communicate with GDB in two ways:
3580 A socket (TCP/IP) connection is typically started as follows:
3582 target remote localhost:3333
3584 This would cause GDB to connect to the gdbserver on the local pc using port 3333.
3586 A pipe connection is typically started as follows:
3588 target remote | openocd --pipe
3590 This would cause GDB to run OpenOCD and communicate using pipes (stdin/stdout).
3591 Using this method has the advantage of GDB starting/stopping OpenOCD for the debug
3595 @*To see a list of available OpenOCD commands type @option{monitor help} on the
3598 OpenOCD supports the gdb @option{qSupported} packet, this enables information
3599 to be sent by the GDB remote server (i.e. OpenOCD) to GDB. Typical information includes
3600 packet size and the device's memory map.
3602 Previous versions of OpenOCD required the following GDB options to increase
3603 the packet size and speed up GDB communication:
3605 set remote memory-write-packet-size 1024
3606 set remote memory-write-packet-size fixed
3607 set remote memory-read-packet-size 1024
3608 set remote memory-read-packet-size fixed
3610 This is now handled in the @option{qSupported} PacketSize and should not be required.
3612 @section Programming using GDB
3613 @cindex Programming using GDB
3615 By default the target memory map is sent to GDB. This can be disabled by
3616 the following OpenOCD configuration option:
3618 gdb_memory_map disable
3620 For this to function correctly a valid flash configuration must also be set
3621 in OpenOCD. For faster performance you should also configure a valid
3624 Informing GDB of the memory map of the target will enable GDB to protect any
3625 flash areas of the target and use hardware breakpoints by default. This means
3626 that the OpenOCD option @command{gdb_breakpoint_override} is not required when
3627 using a memory map. @xref{gdb_breakpoint_override}.
3629 To view the configured memory map in GDB, use the GDB command @option{info mem}
3630 All other unassigned addresses within GDB are treated as RAM.
3632 GDB 6.8 and higher set any memory area not in the memory map as inaccessible.
3633 This can be changed to the old behaviour by using the following GDB command
3635 set mem inaccessible-by-default off
3638 If @command{gdb_flash_program enable} is also used, GDB will be able to
3639 program any flash memory using the vFlash interface.
3641 GDB will look at the target memory map when a load command is given, if any
3642 areas to be programmed lie within the target flash area the vFlash packets
3645 If the target needs configuring before GDB programming, an event
3646 script can be executed:
3648 $_TARGETNAME configure -event EVENTNAME BODY
3651 To verify any flash programming the GDB command @option{compare-sections}
3654 @node Tcl Scripting API
3655 @chapter Tcl Scripting API
3656 @cindex Tcl Scripting API
3660 The commands are stateless. E.g. the telnet command line has a concept
3661 of currently active target, the Tcl API proc's take this sort of state
3662 information as an argument to each proc.
3664 There are three main types of return values: single value, name value
3665 pair list and lists.
3667 Name value pair. The proc 'foo' below returns a name/value pair
3673 > set foo(you) Oyvind
3674 > set foo(mouse) Micky
3675 > set foo(duck) Donald
3683 me Duane you Oyvind mouse Micky duck Donald
3685 Thus, to get the names of the associative array is easy:
3687 foreach { name value } [set foo] {
3688 puts "Name: $name, Value: $value"
3692 Lists returned must be relatively small. Otherwise a range
3693 should be passed in to the proc in question.
3695 @section Internal low-level Commands
3697 By low-level, the intent is a human would not directly use these commands.
3699 Low-level commands are (should be) prefixed with "openocd_", e.g. openocd_flash_banks
3700 is the low level API upon which "flash banks" is implemented.
3703 @item @b{ocd_mem2array} <@var{varname}> <@var{width}> <@var{addr}> <@var{nelems}>
3705 Read memory and return as a Tcl array for script processing
3706 @item @b{ocd_array2mem} <@var{varname}> <@var{width}> <@var{addr}> <@var{nelems}>
3708 Convert a Tcl array to memory locations and write the values
3709 @item @b{ocd_flash_banks} <@var{driver}> <@var{base}> <@var{size}> <@var{chip_width}> <@var{bus_width}> <@var{target}> [@option{driver options} ...]
3711 Return information about the flash banks
3714 OpenOCD commands can consist of two words, e.g. "flash banks". The
3715 startup.tcl "unknown" proc will translate this into a Tcl proc
3716 called "flash_banks".
3718 @section OpenOCD specific Global Variables
3722 Real Tcl has ::tcl_platform(), and platform::identify, and many other
3723 variables. JimTCL, as implemented in OpenOCD creates $HostOS which
3724 holds one of the following values:
3727 @item @b{winxx} Built using Microsoft Visual Studio
3728 @item @b{linux} Linux is the underlying operating sytem
3729 @item @b{darwin} Darwin (mac-os) is the underlying operating sytem.
3730 @item @b{cygwin} Running under Cygwin
3731 @item @b{mingw32} Running under MingW32
3732 @item @b{other} Unknown, none of the above.
3735 Note: 'winxx' was choosen because today (March-2009) no distinction is made between Win32 and Win64.
3738 @chapter Deprecated/Removed Commands
3739 @cindex Deprecated/Removed Commands
3740 Certain OpenOCD commands have been deprecated/removed during the various revisions.
3743 @item @b{arm7_9 fast_writes}
3744 @cindex arm7_9 fast_writes
3745 @*use @option{arm7_9 fast_memory_access} command with same args. @xref{arm7_9 fast_memory_access}.
3746 @item @b{arm7_9 force_hw_bkpts}
3747 @cindex arm7_9 force_hw_bkpts
3748 @*Use @command{gdb_breakpoint_override} instead. Note that GDB will use hardware breakpoints
3749 for flash if the GDB memory map has been set up(default when flash is declared in
3750 target configuration). @xref{gdb_breakpoint_override}.
3751 @item @b{arm7_9 sw_bkpts}
3752 @cindex arm7_9 sw_bkpts
3753 @*On by default. @xref{gdb_breakpoint_override}.
3754 @item @b{daemon_startup}
3755 @cindex daemon_startup
3756 @*this config option has been removed, simply adding @option{init} and @option{reset halt} to
3757 the end of your config script will give the same behaviour as using @option{daemon_startup reset}
3758 and @option{target cortex_m3 little reset_halt 0}.
3759 @item @b{dump_binary}
3761 @*use @option{dump_image} command with same args. @xref{dump_image}.
3762 @item @b{flash erase}
3764 @*use @option{flash erase_sector} command with same args. @xref{flash erase_sector}.
3765 @item @b{flash write}
3767 @*use @option{flash write_bank} command with same args. @xref{flash write_bank}.
3768 @item @b{flash write_binary}
3769 @cindex flash write_binary
3770 @*use @option{flash write_bank} command with same args. @xref{flash write_bank}.
3771 @item @b{flash auto_erase}
3772 @cindex flash auto_erase
3773 @*use @option{flash write_image} command passing @option{erase} as the first parameter. @xref{flash write_image}.
3775 @item @b{jtag_speed} value
3776 @*@xref{JTAG Speed}.
3777 Usually, a value of zero means maximum
3778 speed. The actual effect of this option depends on the JTAG interface used.
3780 @item wiggler: maximum speed / @var{number}
3781 @item ft2232: 6MHz / (@var{number}+1)
3782 @item amt jtagaccel: 8 / 2**@var{number}
3783 @item jlink: maximum speed in kHz (0-12000), 0 will use RTCK
3784 @item rlink: 24MHz / @var{number}, but only for certain values of @var{number}
3785 @comment end speed list.
3788 @item @b{load_binary}
3790 @*use @option{load_image} command with same args. @xref{load_image}.
3791 @item @b{run_and_halt_time}
3792 @cindex run_and_halt_time
3793 @*This command has been removed for simpler reset behaviour, it can be simulated with the
3800 @item @b{target} <@var{type}> <@var{endian}> <@var{jtag-position}>
3802 @*use the create subcommand of @option{target}.
3803 @item @b{target_script} <@var{target#}> <@var{eventname}> <@var{scriptname}>
3804 @cindex target_script
3805 @*use <@var{target_name}> configure -event <@var{eventname}> "script <@var{scriptname}>"
3806 @item @b{working_area}
3807 @cindex working_area
3808 @*use the @option{configure} subcommand of @option{target} to set the work-area-virt, work-area-phy, work-area-size, and work-area-backup properties of the target.
3815 @item @b{RTCK, also known as: Adaptive Clocking - What is it?}
3818 @cindex adaptive clocking
3821 In digital circuit design it is often refered to as ``clock
3822 synchronisation'' the JTAG interface uses one clock (TCK or TCLK)
3823 operating at some speed, your target is operating at another. The two
3824 clocks are not synchronised, they are ``asynchronous''
3826 In order for the two to work together they must be synchronised. Otherwise
3827 the two systems will get out of sync with each other and nothing will
3828 work. There are 2 basic options:
3831 Use a special circuit.
3833 One clock must be some multiple slower than the other.
3836 @b{Does this really matter?} For some chips and some situations, this
3837 is a non-issue (i.e.: A 500MHz ARM926) but for others - for example some
3838 Atmel SAM7 and SAM9 chips start operation from reset at 32kHz -
3839 program/enable the oscillators and eventually the main clock. It is in
3840 those critical times you must slow the JTAG clock to sometimes 1 to
3843 Imagine debugging a 500MHz ARM926 hand held battery powered device
3844 that ``deep sleeps'' at 32kHz between every keystroke. It can be
3847 @b{Solution #1 - A special circuit}
3849 In order to make use of this, your JTAG dongle must support the RTCK
3850 feature. Not all dongles support this - keep reading!
3852 The RTCK signal often found in some ARM chips is used to help with
3853 this problem. ARM has a good description of the problem described at
3854 this link: @url{http://www.arm.com/support/faqdev/4170.html} [checked
3855 28/nov/2008]. Link title: ``How does the JTAG synchronisation logic
3856 work? / how does adaptive clocking work?''.
3858 The nice thing about adaptive clocking is that ``battery powered hand
3859 held device example'' - the adaptiveness works perfectly all the
3860 time. One can set a break point or halt the system in the deep power
3861 down code, slow step out until the system speeds up.
3863 @b{Solution #2 - Always works - but may be slower}
3865 Often this is a perfectly acceptable solution.
3867 In most simple terms: Often the JTAG clock must be 1/10 to 1/12 of
3868 the target clock speed. But what that ``magic division'' is varies
3869 depending on the chips on your board. @b{ARM rule of thumb} Most ARM
3870 based systems require an 8:1 division. @b{Xilinx rule of thumb} is
3871 1/12 the clock speed.
3873 Note: Many FTDI2232C based JTAG dongles are limited to 6MHz.
3875 You can still debug the 'low power' situations - you just need to
3876 manually adjust the clock speed at every step. While painful and
3877 tedious, it is not always practical.
3879 It is however easy to ``code your way around it'' - i.e.: Cheat a little,
3880 have a special debug mode in your application that does a ``high power
3881 sleep''. If you are careful - 98% of your problems can be debugged
3884 To set the JTAG frequency use the command:
3892 @item @b{Win32 Pathnames} Why don't backslashes work in Windows paths?
3894 OpenOCD uses Tcl and a backslash is an escape char. Use @{ and @}
3895 around Windows filenames.
3908 @item @b{Missing: cygwin1.dll} OpenOCD complains about a missing cygwin1.dll.
3910 Make sure you have Cygwin installed, or at least a version of OpenOCD that
3911 claims to come with all the necessary DLLs. When using Cygwin, try launching
3912 OpenOCD from the Cygwin shell.
3914 @item @b{Breakpoint Issue} I'm trying to set a breakpoint using GDB (or a frontend like Insight or
3915 Eclipse), but OpenOCD complains that "Info: arm7_9_common.c:213
3916 arm7_9_add_breakpoint(): sw breakpoint requested, but software breakpoints not enabled".
3918 GDB issues software breakpoints when a normal breakpoint is requested, or to implement
3919 source-line single-stepping. On ARMv4T systems, like ARM7TDMI, ARM720T or ARM920T,
3920 software breakpoints consume one of the two available hardware breakpoints.
3922 @item @b{LPC2000 Flash} When erasing or writing LPC2000 on-chip flash, the operation fails at random.
3924 Make sure the core frequency specified in the @option{flash lpc2000} line matches the
3925 clock at the time you're programming the flash. If you've specified the crystal's
3926 frequency, make sure the PLL is disabled. If you've specified the full core speed
3927 (e.g. 60MHz), make sure the PLL is enabled.
3929 @item @b{Amontec Chameleon} When debugging using an Amontec Chameleon in its JTAG Accelerator configuration,
3930 I keep getting "Error: amt_jtagaccel.c:184 amt_wait_scan_busy(): amt_jtagaccel timed
3931 out while waiting for end of scan, rtck was disabled".
3933 Make sure your PC's parallel port operates in EPP mode. You might have to try several
3934 settings in your PC BIOS (ECP, EPP, and different versions of those).
3936 @item @b{Data Aborts} When debugging with OpenOCD and GDB (plain GDB, Insight, or Eclipse),
3937 I get lots of "Error: arm7_9_common.c:1771 arm7_9_read_memory():
3938 memory read caused data abort".
3940 The errors are non-fatal, and are the result of GDB trying to trace stack frames
3941 beyond the last valid frame. It might be possible to prevent this by setting up
3942 a proper "initial" stack frame, if you happen to know what exactly has to
3943 be done, feel free to add this here.
3945 @b{Simple:} In your startup code - push 8 registers of zeros onto the
3946 stack before calling main(). What GDB is doing is ``climbing'' the run
3947 time stack by reading various values on the stack using the standard
3948 call frame for the target. GDB keeps going - until one of 2 things
3949 happen @b{#1} an invalid frame is found, or @b{#2} some huge number of
3950 stackframes have been processed. By pushing zeros on the stack, GDB
3953 @b{Debugging Interrupt Service Routines} - In your ISR before you call
3954 your C code, do the same - artifically push some zeros onto the stack,
3955 remember to pop them off when the ISR is done.
3957 @b{Also note:} If you have a multi-threaded operating system, they
3958 often do not @b{in the intrest of saving memory} waste these few
3962 @item @b{JTAG Reset Config} I get the following message in the OpenOCD console (or log file):
3963 "Warning: arm7_9_common.c:679 arm7_9_assert_reset(): srst resets test logic, too".
3965 This warning doesn't indicate any serious problem, as long as you don't want to
3966 debug your core right out of reset. Your .cfg file specified @option{jtag_reset
3967 trst_and_srst srst_pulls_trst} to tell OpenOCD that either your board,
3968 your debugger or your target uC (e.g. LPC2000) can't assert the two reset signals
3969 independently. With this setup, it's not possible to halt the core right out of
3970 reset, everything else should work fine.
3972 @item @b{USB Power} When using OpenOCD in conjunction with Amontec JTAGkey and the Yagarto
3973 toolchain (Eclipse, arm-elf-gcc, arm-elf-gdb), the debugging seems to be
3974 unstable. When single-stepping over large blocks of code, GDB and OpenOCD
3975 quit with an error message. Is there a stability issue with OpenOCD?
3977 No, this is not a stability issue concerning OpenOCD. Most users have solved
3978 this issue by simply using a self-powered USB hub, which they connect their
3979 Amontec JTAGkey to. Apparently, some computers do not provide a USB power
3980 supply stable enough for the Amontec JTAGkey to be operated.
3982 @b{Laptops running on battery have this problem too...}
3984 @item @b{USB Power} When using the Amontec JTAGkey, sometimes OpenOCD crashes with the
3985 following error messages: "Error: ft2232.c:201 ft2232_read(): FT_Read returned:
3986 4" and "Error: ft2232.c:365 ft2232_send_and_recv(): couldn't read from FT2232".
3987 What does that mean and what might be the reason for this?
3989 First of all, the reason might be the USB power supply. Try using a self-powered
3990 hub instead of a direct connection to your computer. Secondly, the error code 4
3991 corresponds to an FT_IO_ERROR, which means that the driver for the FTDI USB
3992 chip ran into some sort of error - this points us to a USB problem.
3994 @item @b{GDB Disconnects} When using the Amontec JTAGkey, sometimes OpenOCD crashes with the following
3995 error message: "Error: gdb_server.c:101 gdb_get_char(): read: 10054".
3996 What does that mean and what might be the reason for this?
3998 Error code 10054 corresponds to WSAECONNRESET, which means that the debugger (GDB)
3999 has closed the connection to OpenOCD. This might be a GDB issue.
4001 @item @b{LPC2000 Flash} In the configuration file in the section where flash device configurations
4002 are described, there is a parameter for specifying the clock frequency
4003 for LPC2000 internal flash devices (e.g. @option{flash bank lpc2000
4004 0x0 0x40000 0 0 0 lpc2000_v1 14746 calc_checksum}), which must be
4005 specified in kilohertz. However, I do have a quartz crystal of a
4006 frequency that contains fractions of kilohertz (e.g. 14,745,600 Hz,
4007 i.e. 14,745.600 kHz). Is it possible to specify real numbers for the
4010 No. The clock frequency specified here must be given as an integral number.
4011 However, this clock frequency is used by the In-Application-Programming (IAP)
4012 routines of the LPC2000 family only, which seems to be very tolerant concerning
4013 the given clock frequency, so a slight difference between the specified clock
4014 frequency and the actual clock frequency will not cause any trouble.
4016 @item @b{Command Order} Do I have to keep a specific order for the commands in the configuration file?
4018 Well, yes and no. Commands can be given in arbitrary order, yet the
4019 devices listed for the JTAG scan chain must be given in the right
4020 order (jtag newdevice), with the device closest to the TDO-Pin being
4021 listed first. In general, whenever objects of the same type exist
4022 which require an index number, then these objects must be given in the
4023 right order (jtag newtap, targets and flash banks - a target
4024 references a jtag newtap and a flash bank references a target).
4026 You can use the ``scan_chain'' command to verify and display the tap order.
4028 Also, some commands can't execute until after @command{init} has been
4029 processed. Such commands include @command{nand probe} and everything
4030 else that needs to write to controller registers, perhaps for setting
4031 up DRAM and loading it with code.
4033 @item @b{JTAG Tap Order} JTAG tap order - command order
4035 Many newer devices have multiple JTAG taps. For example: ST
4036 Microsystems STM32 chips have two taps, a ``boundary scan tap'' and
4037 ``Cortex-M3'' tap. Example: The STM32 reference manual, Document ID:
4038 RM0008, Section 26.5, Figure 259, page 651/681, the ``TDI'' pin is
4039 connected to the boundary scan tap, which then connects to the
4040 Cortex-M3 tap, which then connects to the TDO pin.
4042 Thus, the proper order for the STM32 chip is: (1) The Cortex-M3, then
4043 (2) The boundary scan tap. If your board includes an additional JTAG
4044 chip in the scan chain (for example a Xilinx CPLD or FPGA) you could
4045 place it before or after the STM32 chip in the chain. For example:
4048 @item OpenOCD_TDI(output) -> STM32 TDI Pin (BS Input)
4049 @item STM32 BS TDO (output) -> STM32 Cortex-M3 TDI (input)
4050 @item STM32 Cortex-M3 TDO (output) -> SM32 TDO Pin
4051 @item STM32 TDO Pin (output) -> Xilinx TDI Pin (input)
4052 @item Xilinx TDO Pin -> OpenOCD TDO (input)
4055 The ``jtag device'' commands would thus be in the order shown below. Note:
4058 @item jtag newtap Xilinx tap -irlen ...
4059 @item jtag newtap stm32 cpu -irlen ...
4060 @item jtag newtap stm32 bs -irlen ...
4061 @item # Create the debug target and say where it is
4062 @item target create stm32.cpu -chain-position stm32.cpu ...
4066 @item @b{SYSCOMP} Sometimes my debugging session terminates with an error. When I look into the
4067 log file, I can see these error messages: Error: arm7_9_common.c:561
4068 arm7_9_execute_sys_speed(): timeout waiting for SYSCOMP
4074 @node Tcl Crash Course
4075 @chapter Tcl Crash Course
4078 Not everyone knows Tcl - this is not intended to be a replacement for
4079 learning Tcl, the intent of this chapter is to give you some idea of
4080 how the Tcl scripts work.
4082 This chapter is written with two audiences in mind. (1) OpenOCD users
4083 who need to understand a bit more of how JIM-Tcl works so they can do
4084 something useful, and (2) those that want to add a new command to
4087 @section Tcl Rule #1
4088 There is a famous joke, it goes like this:
4090 @item Rule #1: The wife is always correct
4091 @item Rule #2: If you think otherwise, See Rule #1
4094 The Tcl equal is this:
4097 @item Rule #1: Everything is a string
4098 @item Rule #2: If you think otherwise, See Rule #1
4101 As in the famous joke, the consequences of Rule #1 are profound. Once
4102 you understand Rule #1, you will understand Tcl.
4104 @section Tcl Rule #1b
4105 There is a second pair of rules.
4107 @item Rule #1: Control flow does not exist. Only commands
4108 @* For example: the classic FOR loop or IF statement is not a control
4109 flow item, they are commands, there is no such thing as control flow
4111 @item Rule #2: If you think otherwise, See Rule #1
4112 @* Actually what happens is this: There are commands that by
4113 convention, act like control flow key words in other languages. One of
4114 those commands is the word ``for'', another command is ``if''.
4117 @section Per Rule #1 - All Results are strings
4118 Every Tcl command results in a string. The word ``result'' is used
4119 deliberatly. No result is just an empty string. Remember: @i{Rule #1 -
4120 Everything is a string}
4122 @section Tcl Quoting Operators
4123 In life of a Tcl script, there are two important periods of time, the
4124 difference is subtle.
4127 @item Evaluation Time
4130 The two key items here are how ``quoted things'' work in Tcl. Tcl has
4131 three primary quoting constructs, the [square-brackets] the
4132 @{curly-braces@} and ``double-quotes''
4134 By now you should know $VARIABLES always start with a $DOLLAR
4135 sign. BTW: To set a variable, you actually use the command ``set'', as
4136 in ``set VARNAME VALUE'' much like the ancient BASIC langauge ``let x
4137 = 1'' statement, but without the equal sign.
4140 @item @b{[square-brackets]}
4141 @* @b{[square-brackets]} are command substitutions. It operates much
4142 like Unix Shell `back-ticks`. The result of a [square-bracket]
4143 operation is exactly 1 string. @i{Remember Rule #1 - Everything is a
4144 string}. These two statements are roughly identical:
4148 echo "The Date is: $X"
4151 puts "The Date is: $X"
4153 @item @b{``double-quoted-things''}
4154 @* @b{``double-quoted-things''} are just simply quoted
4155 text. $VARIABLES and [square-brackets] are expanded in place - the
4156 result however is exactly 1 string. @i{Remember Rule #1 - Everything
4160 puts "It is now \"[date]\", $x is in 1 hour"
4162 @item @b{@{Curly-Braces@}}
4163 @*@b{@{Curly-Braces@}} are magic: $VARIABLES and [square-brackets] are
4164 parsed, but are NOT expanded or executed. @{Curly-Braces@} are like
4165 'single-quote' operators in BASH shell scripts, with the added
4166 feature: @{curly-braces@} can be nested, single quotes can not. @{@{@{this is
4167 nested 3 times@}@}@} NOTE: [date] is perhaps a bad example, as of
4168 28/nov/2008, Jim/OpenOCD does not have a date command.
4171 @section Consequences of Rule 1/2/3/4
4173 The consequences of Rule 1 are profound.
4175 @subsection Tokenisation & Execution.
4177 Of course, whitespace, blank lines and #comment lines are handled in
4180 As a script is parsed, each (multi) line in the script file is
4181 tokenised and according to the quoting rules. After tokenisation, that
4182 line is immedatly executed.
4184 Multi line statements end with one or more ``still-open''
4185 @{curly-braces@} which - eventually - closes a few lines later.
4187 @subsection Command Execution
4189 Remember earlier: There are no ``control flow''
4190 statements in Tcl. Instead there are COMMANDS that simply act like
4191 control flow operators.
4193 Commands are executed like this:
4196 @item Parse the next line into (argc) and (argv[]).
4197 @item Look up (argv[0]) in a table and call its function.
4198 @item Repeat until End Of File.
4201 It sort of works like this:
4204 ReadAndParse( &argc, &argv );
4206 cmdPtr = LookupCommand( argv[0] );
4208 (*cmdPtr->Execute)( argc, argv );
4212 When the command ``proc'' is parsed (which creates a procedure
4213 function) it gets 3 parameters on the command line. @b{1} the name of
4214 the proc (function), @b{2} the list of parameters, and @b{3} the body
4215 of the function. Not the choice of words: LIST and BODY. The PROC
4216 command stores these items in a table somewhere so it can be found by
4219 @subsection The FOR command
4221 The most interesting command to look at is the FOR command. In Tcl,
4222 the FOR command is normally implemented in C. Remember, FOR is a
4223 command just like any other command.
4225 When the ascii text containing the FOR command is parsed, the parser
4226 produces 5 parameter strings, @i{(If in doubt: Refer to Rule #1)} they
4230 @item The ascii text 'for'
4231 @item The start text
4232 @item The test expression
4237 Sort of reminds you of ``main( int argc, char **argv )'' does it not?
4238 Remember @i{Rule #1 - Everything is a string.} The key point is this:
4239 Often many of those parameters are in @{curly-braces@} - thus the
4240 variables inside are not expanded or replaced until later.
4242 Remember that every Tcl command looks like the classic ``main( argc,
4243 argv )'' function in C. In JimTCL - they actually look like this:
4247 MyCommand( Jim_Interp *interp,
4249 Jim_Obj * const *argvs );
4252 Real Tcl is nearly identical. Although the newer versions have
4253 introduced a byte-code parser and intepreter, but at the core, it
4254 still operates in the same basic way.
4256 @subsection FOR command implementation
4258 To understand Tcl it is perhaps most helpful to see the FOR
4259 command. Remember, it is a COMMAND not a control flow structure.
4261 In Tcl there are two underlying C helper functions.
4263 Remember Rule #1 - You are a string.
4265 The @b{first} helper parses and executes commands found in an ascii
4266 string. Commands can be seperated by semicolons, or newlines. While
4267 parsing, variables are expanded via the quoting rules.
4269 The @b{second} helper evaluates an ascii string as a numerical
4270 expression and returns a value.
4272 Here is an example of how the @b{FOR} command could be
4273 implemented. The pseudo code below does not show error handling.
4275 void Execute_AsciiString( void *interp, const char *string );
4277 int Evaluate_AsciiExpression( void *interp, const char *string );
4280 MyForCommand( void *interp,
4285 SetResult( interp, "WRONG number of parameters");
4289 // argv[0] = the ascii string just like C
4291 // Execute the start statement.
4292 Execute_AsciiString( interp, argv[1] );
4296 i = Evaluate_AsciiExpression(interp, argv[2]);
4301 Execute_AsciiString( interp, argv[3] );
4303 // Execute the LOOP part
4304 Execute_AsciiString( interp, argv[4] );
4308 SetResult( interp, "" );
4313 Every other command IF, WHILE, FORMAT, PUTS, EXPR, everything works
4314 in the same basic way.
4316 @section OpenOCD Tcl Usage
4318 @subsection source and find commands
4319 @b{Where:} In many configuration files
4320 @* Example: @b{ source [find FILENAME] }
4321 @*Remember the parsing rules
4323 @item The FIND command is in square brackets.
4324 @* The FIND command is executed with the parameter FILENAME. It should
4325 find the full path to the named file. The RESULT is a string, which is
4326 substituted on the orginal command line.
4327 @item The command source is executed with the resulting filename.
4328 @* SOURCE reads a file and executes as a script.
4330 @subsection format command
4331 @b{Where:} Generally occurs in numerous places.
4332 @* Tcl has no command like @b{printf()}, instead it has @b{format}, which is really more like
4338 puts [format "The answer: %d" [expr $x * $y]]
4341 @item The SET command creates 2 variables, X and Y.
4342 @item The double [nested] EXPR command performs math
4343 @* The EXPR command produces numerical result as a string.
4345 @item The format command is executed, producing a single string
4346 @* Refer to Rule #1.
4347 @item The PUTS command outputs the text.
4349 @subsection Body or Inlined Text
4350 @b{Where:} Various TARGET scripts.
4353 proc someproc @{@} @{
4354 ... multiple lines of stuff ...
4356 $_TARGETNAME configure -event FOO someproc
4357 #2 Good - no variables
4358 $_TARGETNAME confgure -event foo "this ; that;"
4359 #3 Good Curly Braces
4360 $_TARGETNAME configure -event FOO @{
4363 #4 DANGER DANGER DANGER
4364 $_TARGETNAME configure -event foo "puts \"Time: [date]\""
4367 @item The $_TARGETNAME is an OpenOCD variable convention.
4368 @*@b{$_TARGETNAME} represents the last target created, the value changes
4369 each time a new target is created. Remember the parsing rules. When
4370 the ascii text is parsed, the @b{$_TARGETNAME} becomes a simple string,
4371 the name of the target which happens to be a TARGET (object)
4373 @item The 2nd parameter to the @option{-event} parameter is a TCBODY
4374 @*There are 4 examples:
4376 @item The TCLBODY is a simple string that happens to be a proc name
4377 @item The TCLBODY is several simple commands seperated by semicolons
4378 @item The TCLBODY is a multi-line @{curly-brace@} quoted string
4379 @item The TCLBODY is a string with variables that get expanded.
4382 In the end, when the target event FOO occurs the TCLBODY is
4383 evaluated. Method @b{#1} and @b{#2} are functionally identical. For
4384 Method @b{#3} and @b{#4} it is more interesting. What is the TCLBODY?
4386 Remember the parsing rules. In case #3, @{curly-braces@} mean the
4387 $VARS and [square-brackets] are expanded later, when the EVENT occurs,
4388 and the text is evaluated. In case #4, they are replaced before the
4389 ``Target Object Command'' is executed. This occurs at the same time
4390 $_TARGETNAME is replaced. In case #4 the date will never
4391 change. @{BTW: [date] is perhaps a bad example, as of 28/nov/2008,
4392 Jim/OpenOCD does not have a date command@}
4394 @subsection Global Variables
4395 @b{Where:} You might discover this when writing your own procs @* In
4396 simple terms: Inside a PROC, if you need to access a global variable
4397 you must say so. See also ``upvar''. Example:
4399 proc myproc @{ @} @{
4400 set y 0 #Local variable Y
4401 global x #Global variable X
4402 puts [format "X=%d, Y=%d" $x $y]
4405 @section Other Tcl Hacks
4406 @b{Dynamic variable creation}
4408 # Dynamically create a bunch of variables.
4409 for @{ set x 0 @} @{ $x < 32 @} @{ set x [expr $x + 1]@} @{
4411 set vn [format "BIT%d" $x]
4415 set $vn [expr (1 << $x)]
4418 @b{Dynamic proc/command creation}
4420 # One "X" function - 5 uart functions.
4421 foreach who @{A B C D E@}
4422 proc [format "show_uart%c" $who] @{ @} "show_UARTx $who"
4426 @node Target Library
4427 @chapter Target Library
4428 @cindex Target Library
4430 OpenOCD comes with a target configuration script library. These scripts can be
4431 used as-is or serve as a starting point.
4433 The target library is published together with the OpenOCD executable and
4434 the path to the target library is in the OpenOCD script search path.
4435 Similarly there are example scripts for configuring the JTAG interface.
4437 The command line below uses the example parport configuration script
4438 that ship with OpenOCD, then configures the str710.cfg target and
4439 finally issues the init and reset commands. The communication speed
4440 is set to 10kHz for reset and 8MHz for post reset.
4443 openocd -f interface/parport.cfg -f target/str710.cfg -c "init" -c "reset"
4446 To list the target scripts available:
4449 $ ls /usr/local/lib/openocd/target
4451 arm7_fast.cfg lm3s6965.cfg pxa255.cfg stm32.cfg xba_revA3.cfg
4452 at91eb40a.cfg lpc2148.cfg pxa255_sst.cfg str710.cfg zy1000.cfg
4453 at91r40008.cfg lpc2294.cfg sam7s256.cfg str912.cfg
4454 at91sam9260.cfg nslu2.cfg sam7x256.cfg wi-9c.cfg
4459 @node OpenOCD Concept Index
4460 @comment DO NOT use the plain word ``Index'', reason: CYGWIN filename
4461 @comment case issue with ``Index.html'' and ``index.html''
4462 @comment Occurs when creating ``--html --no-split'' output
4463 @comment This fix is based on: http://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2006-05/msg00215.html
4464 @unnumbered OpenOCD Concept Index
4468 @node OpenOCD Command Index
4469 @unnumbered OpenOCD Command Index